Evolution Resevoir Management Techniqes

EVOLUTION OF
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
From Independent Methods

to an Integrated Methodology
Impact on Petroleum Engineering Curriculum, Graduate

Teaching and Competitive Advantage of Oil Companies
SPE 39713, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 23–24 March 1998.
Alain C. Gringarten
Imperial College, London
CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London
CONTENT
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS

• DEFINITION
• OBJECTIVES
• METHODOLOGY
• IMPLEMENTATION
IMPACT ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
APPLICATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY AND

KNOWLEDGE
TO A RESERVOIR SYSTEM
WITHIN A GIVEN MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT
IN ORDER TO CONTROL OPERATIONS AND MAXIMISE

ECONOMIC RECOVERY

OBJECTIVES
OF RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
DECREASE RISK
INCREASE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION
INCREASE OIL AND GAS RESERVES
MINIMISE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES
MINIMISE OPERATING COSTS
MAXIMISE RECOVERY

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT TOOL:
MODELLING THE RESERVOIR BEHAVIOUR TO MAKE DECISIONS
PREDICT
MODEL PRODUCTION
ACQUIRE RESERVOIR &
DATA BEHAVIOUR CALCULATE
RESERVES

THE MODELLING PROCESS
IDENTIFICATION OF A RESERVOIR MODEL

1
RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION (INVERSE PROBLEM)
CALCULATION OF THE RESERVOIR MODEL

2
BEHAVIOUR UPSCALING AND SIMULATION
MATCHING OF RESERVOIR SYSTEM PAST

3
PERFORMANCE HISTORY MATCHING (DIRECT PROBLEM)
PREDICTION OF RESERVOIR SYSTEM FUTURE

4
PERFORMANCE (DIRECT PROBLEM)

Static Information Dynamic Information
DATA Geology Geophysics Geochemistry Petrophysics Geomechanics Fluids Flowmetre Well testing Tracers Production
Pressure, Surface Rates,
Survey Downhole Rates
data
Drilling
Production Well Test

Geological Geophysical Geochemical Petrophysical Geomechanical Fluid Tracer
INTERPRETATION Model Model Model Model Model Model
Logging Model Model
MODELS Model
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
MODEL Reservoir Model Prediction of Well
Performance
Completion design
(Upscaling) Stimulation
Artificial lift
SIMULATION OF Simulation Model Improvement of Well
RESERVOIR MODEL Black Oil/Compositional/Thermal Performance
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)
© 1997 by Alain C. Gringarten
Calibrated Simulation Model

Development Scenario
Prediction of Reservoir Performance

Pipeline & Facilities
Model
(Decline Curve Analysis)
Prediction of Field Performance
Production Infrastructure
Economic Model Health, Safety and Environment
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

THE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS
DATA
INFORMATION
RESERVOIR
CHARACTERISATION
PERFORMANCE
PREDICTION
IMPLEMENTATION
OF WELL
KNOWLEDGE
PREDICTION OF
RESERVOIR
PERFORMANCE
FIELD DEVELOPMENT
WISDOM
PLAN

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION
DATA Geology Geophysics Geochemistry Petrophysics Geomechanics Fluids Flowmetre Well testing Tracers Production
Pressure, Surface Rates,
Survey Downhole Rates
data
Drilling
Production Well Test

Geological Geophysical Geochemical Petrophysical Geomechanical Fluid Tracer
INTERPRETATION Model Model Model Model Model Model
Logging Model Model
MODELS Model
Well
INTEGRATION Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION
INTEPRETATION OF DATA
>> STATIC INTERPRETATION MODELS ( DESCRIPTION)

GEOPHYSICS, GEOLOGY
GEOCHEMISTRY
PETROPHYSICS
>> DYNAMIC INTERPRETATION MODELS ( BEHAVIOUR)

GEOMECHANICS
WELL TESTS, TRACERS
FLOWMETRE SURVEYS

Data type 1 Data type 3 Data type 3
Identification Identification Identification
Consistency NO Consistency NO Consistency NO

Verification Verification Verification
YES YES YES
Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation

Model for Model for Model for
Data Type 1 Data Type 2 Data Type 3

INTERPRETATION MODELS
Petrophysical 2 media
10 layers Well test
Data Data
1
Petrophysical
Well test
Model Model
2
Production Flow rate

Logging
Tracer
Tracer Data
Model
Data
Depth
≤10 permeabilities
Concentration
Production
Logging
Model
Identification of
Time producing layers

INTEGRATION OF INTERPRETATION MODELS Fluid
Geomechanical
Data Data
Geomechanical Fluid Production

Petrophysical Model Model Logging
Data
Data
Petrophysical Production
Logging
Model Model
RESERVOIR
RESERVOIR
Geochemical
Data Geochemical
Model
MODEL
MODEL Tracer
Tracer
Data
Model
Geophysical Well test

Model Model
Geological
Model
Geophysical Well test

Data Data
Geological
CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Data Imperial College, London
INTEGRATION OF INTERPRETATION MODELS
DETERMINISTIC TECHNIQUES
STOCHASTIC TECHNIQUES
>> INTERPOLATION BETWEEN SPARSE DATA (WELLS) AND
EXTRAPOLATION
>> CORRELATION AND ORDERING OF INFORMATION
>> INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION (CONDITIONING)

FROM DIFFERENT DATA SOURCES
WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF RELIABILITY
>> GENERATION OF MULTIPLE, EQUIPROBABLE REALISATIONS OF THE

RESERVOIR (PARAMETER DISTRIBUTIONS)
>> QUANTIFICATION OF UNCERTAINTIES

RESERVOIR MODEL VERIFICATION
Once the reservoir model is constructed, one must

verify that this reservoir model is consistent with
all available information and interpretation models.
This means that the reservoir model must reproduce

all data acquired:
Î the seismic,
Î logs, etc...,
Î well tests.

Data type 1 Data type 3 Data type 3
Identification Identification Identification
Consistency NO Consistency NO Consistency NO

Verification Verification Verification
YES YES YES
Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation

Model for Model for Model for
Data Type 1 Data Type 2 Data Type 3
Integration into Reservoir Model
Simulate Data Type 1 Simulate Data Type 2 Simulate Data Type 3
Match Match NO
Match NO
NO
Data Type Data Type Data Type
1 2 3
YES YES YES

NO
RESERVOIR MODEL
VERIFICATION OF RESERVOIR MODEL FLOW BEHAVIOUR
DATA Geology Geophysics Geochemistry Petrophysics Geomechanics Fluids Flowmetre Well testing Tracers
Production
Survey Pressure, Surface Rates,
data
Drilling Downhole Rates
Production
INTERPRETATION Geological Geophysical Geochemical Petrophysical Geomechanical Fluid Well Test Tracer
Logging
Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model Model
MODELS
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

RESERVOIR MODEL FLOW BEHAVIOUR
USUALLY APPROXIMATED WITH NUMERICAL SIMULATOR
DIFFERENT FLOW SIMULATORS MAY BE REQUIRED FOR

DIFFERENT FLOW DATA
COMPLEXITY OF SIMULATOR FUNCTION OF PERFORMANCE TO BE
SIMULATED (Black Oil, Compositional, Thermal, Chemical)
WELL TEST DATA REQUIRE HIGH RESOLUTION NEAR WELLS
GRIDDING FOR EXISTING NUMERICAL SIMULATORS COARSER THAN FOR

RESERVOIR MODEL ( UPSCALING REQUIRED)
SIMULATION OF VERY LARGE RESERVOIRS OR OF LOCAL

HETEROGENEITIES REQUIRES:
Several hundred thousand cells, or
New mathematical formulations (Adaptive gridding, Streamline
simulators,....)

RESERVOIR MODEL
FLOW BEHAVIOUR VERIFICATION
RESERVOIR MODEL FLOW BEHAVIOUR CONSISTENCY

IS VERIFIED BY COMPARING:
OBSERVED DATA FROM WELLS (GOR, WOR,...), and
CORRESPONDING RESPONSES FROM NUMERICAL

SIMULATOR (HISTORY MATCHING)
POSSIBILITY TO MATCH SATURATION FRONT

LOCATIONS BETWEEN WELLS OBTAINED FROM
REPEATED 3-D SEISMIC SURVEYS (RESERVOIR
MONITORING)

HISTORY MATCHING
MATCH BETWEEN DATA AND MODEL CALCULATED
BEHAVIOR CAN BE REFINED BY ADJUSTING RESERVOIR
MODEL PARAMETERS WITHIN LIMITS CONTROLED BY
CONDITIONING
ADJUSTMENT CAN BE MADE EASIER AND FASTER WITH

STATISTICAL OPTIMISATION METHODS (ADAPTIVE
HISTORY MATCHING) AND EXPERT SYSTEMS
LACK OF SATISFACTORY MATCH WITHIN LIMITS

CONTROLED BY CONDITIONING REQUIRES MODIFYING THE
RESERVOIR MODEL ( RESERVOIR CHARACTERISATION)

CHARACTERISATION: AN ITERATIVE PROCESS
Interpretation Models
Verify
Reservoir Model NO
(Synthetic seismograms,
logs, well tests,
production...)
YES
RESERVOIR MODEL
YES NO
Another
END
Model?
PRODUCTION PREDICTION
FOR PREDICTING PRODUCTION, THE

RESERVOIR SIMULATOR MUST BE
COUPLED WITH:
Ø WELL MODELS AND

Ø A SURFACE FACILITIES SIMULATOR

PRODUCTION PREDICTION
Production
data
Production
Logging
MODELS
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

DECLINE CURVE ANALYSIS
Production
data
Production
Logging
MODELS
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

RESERVOIR SIMULATION ( 1960’s to 1970’s)
Production
data
Production
Logging
MODELS
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

RESERVOIR SIMULATION ( 1980’s)
Production
data
Production
Logging
MODELS
Well
Integration Flow
Model
RESERVOIR
Performance
Completion design
Artificial lift
BEHAVIOUR
(History Matching)


Model

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTION
HOW MUCH OF THIS PROCESS
DO WE NEED TO GO THROUGH?
Knowledge
Risk
MANAGEMENT PROCESS
NEED TO QUANTIFY THE RISK

IMPLEMENTATION
THROUGH NEW TECHNOLOGY
STOCHASTIC MODELLING
ADAPTIVE HISTORY MATCHING
RESERVOIR MONITORING
NEW MATHEMATICAL FORMULATIONS FOR
SIMULATORS
MULTIPHASE PIPELINE SIMULATORS
MASSIVE PARALLEL PROCESSING
KNOWLEDGE BASE SYSTEMS
COMPUTER AIDED PRODUCTION (CAP) TOOLS

COMPUTER AIDED PRODUCTION (CAP) TOOLS
THE POWERFUL AND PROVEN COMPUTER

TECHNOLOGIES
THAT HAVE BEEN USED BY SPECIALISTS
BEING MADE AVAILABLE TO AND USABLE BY

THE PRACTISING PROFESSIONAL

NEEDS OF THE PRACTISING PROFESSIONAL
EASE-OF-USE
PRODUCTIVITY
Î TRANSPARENT TECHNOLOGY
Î TASK ORIENTED APPROACH
Î KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS
Î METHODOLOGY ( HENCE REPEATABILITY)

CONTENT

DEFINITION
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION

COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
IF TOOLS BECOME STANDARD

METHODOLOGY
SOFTWARE
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE MUST BE

Î THE UNDERSTANDING OF FUNDAMENTALS
Î KNOW-HOW
Example: Well Test Analysis

WELL TEST ANALYSIS
BREAKTHROUGH IN THE 1980’S
FROM INDIVIDUAL METHODS GIVING DIFFERENT
ANSWERS TO AN INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY BASED
ON SIGNAL THEORY
WELL TEST ANALYSIS SOFTWARE
PERSONAL COMPUTERS
DIFFERENT INTERPRETERS USING THE SAME
METHODOLOGY GET THE SAME ANSWERS
SIDE EFFECTS
Î ERRONEOUS ANALYSES, FASTER
SOLUTION
Î EDUCATION / TRAINING

CONTENT

DEFINITION
OBJECTIVES
METHODOLOGY
IMPLEMENTATION

NEW CURRICULUM
SPECIALISTS THAT KNOW HOW TO WORK
EFFECTIVELY IN MULTI-DISCIPLINARY TEAMS
Fundamental Understanding of:
Reservoir Characterisation, Reservoir Modelling,
Reservoir Simulation, and Field Management
The Processes for Integrating and Processing All
Available Information in Order to Make Reservoir
Management Decisions
Î Work Flow Concepts
Î Links Between the Various Types of Data
MSc Specifications
Follow the reservoir management process

EXAMPLE:
THE MSc IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING AT IMPERIAL COLLEGE
THE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS THE MSc IN PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
DATA MODULE 1: FUNDAMENTALS
INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE WISDOM

RESERVOIR MODULE 2: RESERVOIR
GROUP FIELD PROJECT

CHARACTERISATION CHARACTERISATION
PRESENTATIONS
PERFORMANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
PERFORMANCE
MODULE 3:
PREDICTION
INDUSTRY
OF WELL
WELL
PREDICTION OF MODULE 4:
RESERVOIR RESERVOIR
PERFORMANCE PERFORMANCE
FIELD DEVELOPMENT MODULE 5: FIELD

PLAN DEVELOPMENT
RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS INDIVIDUAL RESEARCH PROJECT

MSc Specifications

Lectures only by experts in their fields

MSc Specifications

Students with fundamental background

MSc Specifications

Fundamental / Application / Support courses

WELL 42
Introduction Well completion practices
January
Basic Petroleum Geology Principles of well production
FUNDAMENTALS 103 hrs

Basic Petroleum Geophysics
PERFORMANCE
October
Reservoir Performance prediction

Rock properties
Numerical Reservoir Performance predictors
RESERVOIR 114
Sub-Surface Mapping
Upscaling
February
Reservoir Fluids Practical use of numerical simulators
Hydrocarbons in-place and Reserves History matching, predictions and optimisation
Production Mechanisms Group Project Phase 2:
Predictions and Well Placement Optimization
Flow In Porous Media
DEVELOPMENT 96
November
Drilling Process engineering/surface facilities

Introduction to petroleum economics Extending field life and improved oil recovery
FIELD
March
Health, safety and environment
CHARACTERIZATION 183 hrs
Geological, geophysical and

Economics
geochemical modeling
Group Project Phase 3:
Geomechanics Surface Facilities and Development Plan
RESERVOIR
Petrophysics
Early
May
Production logging
EXAMS
December
Fluid sampling and analysis

Well Testing
September
May to
Integration into reservoir model
INDIVIDUAL PROJECT
Group Project Phase 1:
Reservoir Characterization

MSc Specifications

Block teaching

MSc Specifications

Block teaching
Lectures/notes coordinated and integrated

MSc Specifications

Block teaching
Integration with Petroleum Geoscience

MSc in MSc in
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING PETROLEUM GEOSCIENCE
Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Geophysics, Rock Properties
CHARACTERISATION FUNDAMENTALS
Geological Field trip
Reservoir Fluids Development Geology
Drilling and Reservoir Modelling
STOOIP & Reserves
Flow in Porous Media Petroleum Engineering
TERM 1
Production Mechanisms
Reservoir Geology, Geophysics and Geochemistry
RESERVOIR
Petrophysics & Formation Evaluation

Fluid Sampling & Analysis Geophysics
Production Logging Structural & Stratigraphic Analysis
Well Test Analysis of Sedimentary Basins
Maureen Group Project (Reservoir Characterisation)
Geomechanics Basin Modelling
Well Performance Structures, Fluids & Pressures
TERM 2- 4
Petroleum Economics
Reservoir Performance Geostatistics
Field Development Sequence statigraphy
Maureen Group Project Group project
(Colin Wall Award) (Barrel Award)
Individual Research Project Individual Research Project
MSc Specifications

Block teaching
Teach prevailing commercial software

MSc Specifications

Block teaching
Teach prevailing commercial software
Use actual field data

Use of field data
Tutorials for taught courses

Group field project
Phase 1: Reservoir characterisation
16 teams (Petroleum Engineering+Geoscience)
Phases 2: Production planning
8 teams (Petroleum Engineering)
Phase 3: Field development
8 teams (Petroleum Engineering)
Individual research projects

Field data: Maureen Field
Block 16/29a (UK sector of the North Sea)
Phillips UK operator
1983-1999
4 appraisal,12 production and 7 water
injection wells
seismic traces and
interpreted maps;
geological maps; core
photographs; routine and
special core analysis
reports; PVT analysis
reports; RFT data; DST
and production test data;
monthly production data

Field data: Maureen Field

Maureen Group Field Project
Phase 1: Reservoir characterisation
10 days, December
13150
5-6 wells 10000

13200
13250
1000
Permeability, m D
STOIIP
13300
Depth, ft
13350
100
13400
Reserve estimates 10
A B
13450
13500
RCAL Porosity
RCAL Porosity Corrected
C D Log Porosity

E F
Preliminary 3D model
13550
1
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Fractional Porosity Fractional Porosity
500 490
103
STOIIP
450
Recoverable
Pressure Change, ∆p, and Derivative ( psi)
400
367
341
102 350 324
313
300 283
OWC Last test rate only
Oil, MMbbl
250
10
Entire rate history 193 191
200 173
157
150
123
1 100
61
Layer A
50
0 0
0
10-1 P10 P50 P90 Maximum Most Likely Minimum

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 Probability: Stochastic Deterministic
Elapsed time, ∆t ( hours)

Maureen Group Field Project
Phase 2: Well placement & Production Optimization
6 days, February
simulation model
optimized well placement plan
oil recovery
cumulative oil production
optimized well design
artificial lift options
a drilling plan
casing design
M aureen 2 FPSO 0 4000
Drill 24" hole
50000 200
2000
Maureen 1
Drill 17 ½” ia
180
0 ps
hole 4000 = 70
TH P 40000 160
600
pro du ction , mms tb

Hole Casing Drill
Depth ft MDRKB
140
Cu mu lat ive oil

BHP, psia
Size Size 6000
Oil ra te , stb/d
36"hole 500
40 0
30000 120
36’’ 30’’ Drill 12" hole 3000
M io-O ligocene Sand 8000
300 100
24’’ 20’’
10000 20000 80
Drill 8 ½” hole
17 ½’’ 13 3/8’’
I.P.R
Balder 60
Form ation
12000
10000 40
12 ¼’’ 9 5/8’’ completing
Oil Rate
M aureen Pay coring 14000 20
8 ½ ’’ 7’’ plug back Cum. Oil Production
0 0
16000 2000
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 10 4 2 10 4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Ekofisk Chalk
Years
and Sands Time (Days) Oil Rate, STB/D

Maureen GroupField Project
Phase 3: Development plan
10 days, March
improved recovery plan GAS TO
Glycol Dehydrator
SALE
3 Stage
GAS FOR
Dehydrator
Compressors
Gas Lift

Cooler Glycol
surface production facilities Make up

Compressors
HSE plan Crude Oil

From
Wells
Gas
1 st
Gas
Oil 2 nd Oil 3 rd
Gas
Oil
OIL TO
SALE

Separator Separator Separator
economic viability water water water

Water CPI
abandonment plan
Gas Skimmer
water
water
TO INJECTION
Oil Oil WELLS
Test

Separator
assessment of risks GAS

OIL
WATER
Colin Wall prize

150 NPV, £million
Excluding Abandonment 600
Including Abandonment
100 Discount Factor 500
Critical : 17.4%
Lease Rate 400 Oil Price
50
Critical : £3.23/bbl Critical : $12.05
Present Value, £million
300
0 200
Inflation
Critical : 6.4%
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
20
100
-50 -100 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100
%Change fromBase Case Values 0
CAPEX
-100 -100 Critical : £930million
-200 OPEX
-150
Critical : £420million
-300
-200 -400
-500
-250

THE ULTIMATE RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT GOAL
TO MODEL A PETROLEUM RESERVOIR AND

ASSOCIATED WELL AND SURFACE FACILITIES
WITH SUCH AN ACCURACY
THAT ON-GOING PREDICTIONS CAN BE USED

WITH CONFIDENCE TO OPTIMISE PRODUCTION
OPERATIONS, INCREASE RECOVERY AND
REDUCE OPERATING COSTS
THEREBY SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASING
ECONOMIC RETURN WITHIN MANAGEMENT
GUIDELINES

Evolution Resevoir Management Techniqes

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EVOLUTION OF

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES

From Independent Methods

Impact on Petroleum Engineering Curriculum, Graduate

SPE 39713, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 23–24 March 1998.

 RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS

 IMPACT ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

 APPLICATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY AND

 WITHIN A GIVEN MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT

 IN ORDER TO CONTROL OPERATIONS AND MAXIMISE

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

 INCREASE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

 INCREASE OIL AND GAS RESERVES

 MINIMISE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

 MINIMISE OPERATING COSTS

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

IDENTIFICATION OF A RESERVOIR MODEL

CALCULATION OF THE RESERVOIR MODEL

MATCHING OF RESERVOIR SYSTEM PAST

PREDICTION OF RESERVOIR SYSTEM FUTURE

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

Production Well Test

Calibrated Simulation Model

Prediction of Reservoir Performance

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

© 1997 by Alain C. Gringarten

Production Well Test

Calibrated Simulation Model

Prediction of Reservoir Performance

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT DECISIONS

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

>> STATIC INTERPRETATION MODELS ( DESCRIPTION)

>> DYNAMIC INTERPRETATION MODELS ( BEHAVIOUR)

WELL TESTS, TRACERS

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

Identification Identification Identification

Consistency NO Consistency NO Consistency NO

YES YES YES

Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

Production Flow rate

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

Geomechanical Fluid Production

Geophysical Well test

Geophysical Well test

>> CORRELATION AND ORDERING OF INFORMATION

>> INTEGRATION OF INFORMATION (CONDITIONING)

>> GENERATION OF MULTIPLE, EQUIPROBABLE REALISATIONS OF THE

>> QUANTIFICATION OF UNCERTAINTIES

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

 Once the reservoir model is constructed, one must

This means that the reservoir model must reproduce

CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM STUDIES Imperial College, London

Identification Identification Identification

Consistency NO Consistency NO Consistency NO

YES YES YES

Interpretation Interpretation Interpretation

Integration into Reservoir Model

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS

IMPACT ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

APPLICATION OF AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY AND

WITHIN A GIVEN MANAGEMENT ENVIRONMENT

IN ORDER TO CONTROL OPERATIONS AND MAXIMISE

INCREASE OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION

INCREASE OIL AND GAS RESERVES

MINIMISE CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

MINIMISE OPERATING COSTS

Once the reservoir model is constructed, one must

DIFFERENT FLOW SIMULATORS MAY BE REQUIRED FOR

WELL TEST DATA REQUIRE HIGH RESOLUTION NEAR WELLS

GRIDDING FOR EXISTING NUMERICAL SIMULATORS COARSER THAN FOR

SIMULATION OF VERY LARGE RESERVOIRS OR OF LOCAL

RESERVOIR MODEL FLOW BEHAVIOUR CONSISTENCY

OBSERVED DATA FROM WELLS (GOR, WOR,...), and

CORRESPONDING RESPONSES FROM NUMERICAL

POSSIBILITY TO MATCH SATURATION FRONT

ADJUSTMENT CAN BE MADE EASIER AND FASTER WITH

LACK OF SATISFACTORY MATCH WITHIN LIMITS

FOR PREDICTING PRODUCTION, THE

THE POWERFUL AND PROVEN COMPUTER

THAT HAVE BEEN USED BY SPECIALISTS

BEING MADE AVAILABLE TO AND USABLE BY

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS

IMPACT ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT PROCESS

IMPACT ON COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

PETROLEUM ENGINEERING CURRICULUM

Follow the reservoir management process

Follow the reservoir management process