INTRODUCTION

Training is a practice or behavior pattern with knowledge about a particular

company. The main aim of institutional training is to gather knowledge about the
various departments and their functioning. It refers to practical knowledge gained
about the processes that happen in an organization.

I have undergone my institutional training at TVS RUBBERS PRIVATE

LIMITED .This training has help me to acquire knowledge about the
Manufacturing,finance,HR,IT,Markeing,purchase,process and other day-to-day
activities of the organization.

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OBECTIVE OF STUDY

▪ To analyze the industry and company profile with an overview of the

strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats of the company.
▪ To examine critically the organizational structure of the company.
▪ To study and understand the various functional areas of the company.
▪ To identify internal and external factors that affect strengths,
weakness opportunities and threats or operations.

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INDUSTRIAL PROFILE:

HISTORY OF RUBBER

The history of rubber is quite fascinating. The stories of how rubber was discovered
vary depending on who is telling the story. One story tells of a Mayas Indian woman
who was walking through the rain forest gathering edibles when she came across a
crying tree. She took a sample of the tears back to the tribe’s chief who found the
latex substance unique.
Christopher Columbus was responsible for discovering rubber after visiting Haiti in
the 1490’s and watching the natives play with a bouncy ball. Or even better, how a
French astronomer in 1736 was sent to Peru by his government and returned with
samples of a white fluid consistency of honey.

Rubber In America

Though, these stories have great likelihood, the story with the most impact on rubber
as we know it today is Charles Goodyear from Trenton, NJ. You may think Charles
Goodyear was the founder of Goodyear Tire Company, but you would be incorrect.
The company was named after Charles, but did not go into business until years after
his death. Rather, Mr. Goodyear is considered the first inventor to vulcanize rubber.
It all started after Mr. Goodyear walked into a store to purchase a rubber life-
preserver in 1834. After his purchase, he became obsessed with the material and how
it could be useful. Shortly after, Mr. Goodyear was granted a U.S. Government
contract to make rubber mail bags, but in making the mail bags, they began to
decompose quite rapidly. See, rubber had two essential problems; it became sticky
when it was hot and stiff when it was cold. Even though merchants have been known
to use rubber in clothing and on shoes since 1820s, it wasn’t until Mr. Goodyear
accidentally discovered the process to cure the entire mass of rubber rather than just
the outside in 1839 that made the biggest impact.
In 1844, Mr. Goodyear was granted a U.S. patent for his discovery, but
unfortunately, he would not make a dime off of it. Rather he died in 1860, a poor
man. While Mr. Goodyear was making his discoveries in America, across the
Atlantic Ocean, another inventor named Thomas Hancock was doing the same. He
would later be given credit for the name “vulcanization” which was said to come
from the God Vulcan of Roman mythology. Mr. Hancock also invented an internal
mixer which would simplify the adaption of rubber to other textile.
As rubber popularity and demand increased, so did the problems associated with
gathering natural rubber.

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The RubberIndustry

In 1889, John Dunlop of England produced the first commercially successful tire for
bicycles and would later create the first automobile tire in 1906. As the auto industry
began taking off after 1910s, rubber continued to be a hot commodity. The
progression of World War II showed the vulnerability of rubber supply as many
countries struggled to get enough rubber to produce weapons and supplies. It became
increasingly apparent that a natural rubber alternative was needed. Chemists across
the globe were actively trying to invent an artificial version of rubber, which would
be called synthetic rubber.
In 1910, history tells us that the Russians were the first to prepare a synthetic rubber
called Polybutadiene. The Germans would follow 20 years later with a commercial
rubber called Buna-S (Styrene Butadiene Copolymer). In the United States, a
research and development project was initiated by the government along with the
industry to develop Styrene Butadiene Rubber.

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Rubber producing areas in India:

Rubber producing regions in India are divided into two zones:

• Traditional zone

• Non-traditional zone

Traditional zone Non-traditional zone

Kanyakumari in Tamilnadu Coastal region of Karnataka

Goa

Andhra Pradesh

Districts of Kerala Orissa

Some area of Maharashtra

Northeastern states (mainly Tripura)

Andaman & Nicobar island

Kerala contributes 90% of India’s total production of natural rubber. Also Kerala
& Tamilnadu together occupy 86% of the growing area of natural.

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COMPANY PROFILE

The TVS group is one of the India’s largest industrial conglomerates. Mr. T.V.
SUNDARAM IYENGAR and SONS Ltd established the rubber factory in 1962. The
company was producing rubber based products.

TVS began to produce wild range of rubber products for vehicle

manufactures, system manufactures and industrial applications such as defense,
thermal, mines, white goods, electrical and also caters electronics to railways etc.

The company was accredited ISO 9001: 14001 & ISO/TS 16949 for its
competing standards and bio-friendly of waste disposal. The annual sales turnover
is around Rs.1354 million. TVS rubber has been among the first to be certified for
DEMING PRIZE, TPM, JUSE QUALITY MEDAL and QS 9000. TVS has both
domestic manufacturing clients are BREAKS INDIA, FORD, DENSO
KIRLOSKAR, DELPHI, LUSAS TVS, MANDO BREAKS, MICO, MUNJAL
SHOWA LTD, DE BE PVT LTD, NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPN., STONE INDIA
LTD, SAB WABCO LTD and WHIRLPOOL OF INDIA LTD.

TVS has the global markets international clients from USA, AK, GREMAN,
ITALY, FRANCE, FINLAND, DENMARK, GREECE, AUSTRALIA, MIDDLE
EAST SINGAPORE, MALAYSIA and LEBANON.

The TVS Company is one of the leading suppliers of automotive component

with turnovers of US $30 million and employing a workforce of 1500 people. TVS
rubber industry limited is the large manufacturing of mould rubber product in India.
The company is serving different industrial segment like thermal, defense, electrical,
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railway, mining, home appliances and power projects. The company’s
manufacturing infrastructure has sophisticated chemical weighting system, mixing,
facility with interval mixer and dispersion mixers and mixing mills.

The company employee’s injection moulding transfer moulding. The

company has got ISO 9001 accreditation, QS 9000 and TPM for its quality system.
It also has advanced test facility like physical, endurance and chemical tests for
global quality standards.

The products are made to international standards like ASTM, BS, DIN, JIS
and GOST standard room for calibration of instruments. A dedicated workforce of
1500 employee in manufacturing, tool room and testing. The company has a modern
tool room to speed up fabrication of moulds, tolls, jigs, fixtures. It has backed by an
excellent research and development facility to role 6000 components per year.

The TVS group is one of the India’s largest industrial groups. TV Sundaram
Iyengar is founder of the group. SUNDARAM INDUSTRIES LIMITED is one of
the members of the TVS Group. It has been the largest manufacture of molded rubber
product since 1962. The company manufactures more than 5000 different products.
It has two plants, one in Madurai – Tamilnadu and other is Gorgon - New Delhi. It
success is mainly due to excellence in quality and customer satisfaction.

Factory area Madurai Gorgon

Factory 14000 sq. m 2300 sq.m

Office 3000 sq. m 400 sq.m

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History of Sundaram industries:

1962

Tyre repair materials and bush kits:

The company was started in the year 1962 with the initial processing of tyre
repair material and bush kits.

1977

In house – Tool room:

The new concept of having the tool room within the company instead of
importing was introduced.

1981

Injection moulding:

The injection moulding method was introduced to produce the rubber

products.

1986

Supply for maruti – engine mounts:

The powder coated moulded engine mounting were supplied to the maruti
ears for the mounting of engine inside the body. It was the first supply to the car
company.

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1992

Formation of strategic business units:

This was the year that gave a great beginning to the company. The strategic
business units were setup in the company and the plans were made according to the
strategies that the units framed.

1993

ISO 9002:

The year 1993 was a remarkable year since the company got 9002 certified
for the products that were manufactured and supplied to the customers.

1999

QS 9000:

The QS 9000 is a quality standard given to the products that are

manufactured by a company. TVS received it during the year 1999 which made
them a standard company manufacturing standard products.

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TVS Groups of companies:

▪ Axles India Limited

▪ Brakes India Limited
▪ Delphi-TVS
▪ Firestone TVS Private Limited
▪ India Motor Parts and Accessories Limited
▪ India Nippon Electricals Limited
▪ Irizar TVS Limited
▪ Lucas-TVS Limited
▪ Lucas Indian Service Limited
▪ Manufacturers Equipment and Supply Company (MESCO)
▪ Southern Roadways Limited.
▪ Sundaram Auto Components Limited - Plastics Division
▪ Sundaram Brake Linings Limited
▪ Sundaram Dynacast Private Limited
▪ Sundaram Fasteners Limited
▪ Sundaram Industries Limited - Rubber Division
▪ Sundaram Industries Limited - Tyre Solutions Division
▪ Sundaram Textiles Limited
▪ Sundaram-Clayton Limited
▪ Turbo Energy Limited
▪ TVS America Inc
▪ TVS Auto Bangladesh
▪ TVS Auto Parts Private Limited
▪ TVS Automobile Solutions Limited
▪ TVS Automotive Europe Limited

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Rubber consumption of India:

The following industrial sector consumers most of the rubber produces:

▪ Automotive type sector : 50%

▪ Bicycle tyres & tubers : 15%

▪ Foot wares : 12%

▪ Belts & hoses : 6%

▪ Camelbacks & latex products : 7%

▪ Other products : 10%

The bankers of TVS rubber:

• State Bank of India

• Oriented Bank of Commerce

• HDFC

Shift timing:

Shift – I: 8.00 am to 4.00 pm

Shift – II: 4.00 pm to 12.00 noon

Shift-III: 12.00 pm to 8.00 am

Shift schedule (office):

Shift-General 9.00 am to 6.00 pm

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AIM:

▪ Zero breaks down

▪ Zero defects
▪ Zero mould failure
▪ Zero customer complaint
▪ Educational & much skill development
▪ Increase over all plant efficiency
▪ Minimize inventory & flexible staffing
▪ To create green, clean & pleasant work environment

Environment Policy:

We are committed to

▪ Strive for continual improvement of our quality performance by

meeting the changing requirement of our customer and our
environmental performance by prevention of pollution and
minimization of wastes.
▪ Manufacturing high quality product at competitive process by
adhering to the system process and procedures and continually
improving the same.
▪ Promote energy savings and conservation of resources.
▪ Company with all application legislatative, regulatory and other
requirements.
▪ Including those that apply to environmental aspects governing our
activities.

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The Company Manufacturing:

❖ Engine mountings
❖ Suspension
❖ Bushes
❖ Bellows Boots
❖ Diaphragms
❖ Dust cover
❖ O – Rings
❖ Oil seals
❖ Buffers
❖ Specialized material for repairing & reconditioning convey belting.
❖ Rubbering rollers for printing tanning, textile, paper, confectionary,
tea etc. including battle tank wheel Rubbering.

Major Competitors:

▪ Fenner India Limited.

▪ LG Triad.
▪ Hi-Tech Arai.
▪ Scale Rubber Products.
▪ Meenakshi Moldings.
▪ Lakshmi Auto Components.
▪ Sun Pressing Private Limted

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Customers of the Company:

▪ Ford
▪ Brakes India
▪ Wabco TVS
▪ Maruti
▪ Rane
▪ Fiat
▪ Godrej
▪ Honda
▪ Tata
▪ Mahindra
▪ Bridge stone
▪ Toyota
▪ Delphi
▪ Bharat forge
▪ Whirlpool
▪ Wheel India Ltd
▪ BHEL
▪ Volks wagen
▪ Benz
▪ Renault

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The warehouses are located in India area as follow:

▪ Bangalore

▪ Vijayawada

▪ Cochin

▪ Chennai

▪ Mumbai & Ahmadabad

▪ The other includes Detroit (USA) & Rotterdam (Europe) in foreign countries.

Vision:

“To become a leading market player by continuously enhancing the

performance of employee, people, machine products and practice through TPM”
with motto

“Together we Excel”.

Mission:

• To grow in replacement market, export and non auto sectors.

• To increase overall productivity.
• To improve performance to development of plot and reduce the lead
time.
• To concentrate on people development.
• To consistency upgrade continuously improve operating systems to
enhance both internal and external customer satisfaction.

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TPM Policy:

To become a leading market players by continuously enhancing the

performance of people, machine, practice through TPM.

Quality policy:

“WE AT SIRF ARE COMMITED”:

▪ To achieve customer satisfaction through manufacturing and supply or

rubber products that meets the requirement of customers and regulatory
authorities.
▪ To ensure that quality is build in and enhanced through continual
improvement of all the process involving every employee of our
organization.
Major commitment in Quality policy:
▪ Customer satisfaction
▪ Meet regulatory requirement
▪ Continual improvement
▪ Employee involvement
▪ Process approach

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Employee Empowerment:

▪ Quality Circle.
▪ Suggestion Scheme.

Nature of Business:

It has two manufacturing units. This division is situated at Kochadai, Madurai

and other at Gorgon near Delhi. The main object of the rubber division is to
manufacture automobile rubber products. It is considered to be the best in India and
the second largest in Asia. The brand name of rubber product is “TVS RUBBER”.

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PRODUCT PROFILE

TVS rubber manufactories various rubber products and metal bonded rubber
products.

TVS products manufactured by TVS rubber are:

• Diaphragms
• Mounting
• Radiator gaskets
• Oil rings
• Rollers
• Suspension bushes
• Bellow boots
• Tank wheel

ROLLER TANK WHEEL SUSPENSION

BUSHES

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 DIAPHRAGM RADIATOR GASKETS

BELLOW BOOTS O - RING MOUNTING

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MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT

Product Range:

Sundaram industry rubber manufactures a wide range of rubber product from automotive
and industry application ranging from ting ‘0’rings to tank treys which comprises of over 6000
different products other product, other product includes oil seals, bushing pads,grommets,sealing
rings,gaskets,dustcovers etc.

Manufacturing Infrastructure:

With excellent R&D capabilities, tvs rubber has produced the moulding process using the
entire range of polymers. It has been able to develop its core competence and aligns objective at
all levels to realize synergy in operation from concept design to development of products.

Tvs rubber computerized mixers makes the process fool support by an in built mode tool room
and CAD faculty, tvs rubber tools out products employing latest injection and transfer molding
techniques tvs rubber has embarked on a continues improvement program by internalizing the
principle of TPM. It has the ability to test any physical and chemical properties in rubber and
endurance testing of product to exceed customer requirements.

Major Domestic Clients:

TVs rubber supplies its products to its concerns other tvs groups companies and
also government industries.

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MANUFACTURING PROCESSING:

Load in (C) Receiver

(A) Transport the load outside
Moulding Track agency

Preaparation Quality
Releasing of job work checking by Customer
the product challance agency

D/F Seiccoring
Visual Record & Butting & Inward
inspection discount Cleaning

Store the Checking (D)

updating the Inspection
SFG in SFG Inspection
BIN count

(B) SFG moved to

Count the storage area Scrap Packing
total no. of checking updating
SFG the count

Rubber Process:

There are difference grades of rubber such as 5351/A, 5351/B, EDU/PEDAL etc.
Accounting to the demand and the purpose of the using the rubber they choose the grade. The flow
diagram explains the processing of the rubber.

Raw Material:

The raw materials used in manufacturing rubber are natural and synthetic, carbon, oil and
chemical. The above components are mixed in a proportionate amount. The oil used in the rubber
manufacturing in process oil, BL, DBP, powder flex esoyal 62, DOX, etc. Some of the chemicals
are die up 40C, sculpture, SVKM, zinc oxide, blowal, magnesium oxide, etc.

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Compound Mixing:

The rubber, carbon, oil and chemicals are taken in proportionate quantity and fed
to the milling machine which is driven by 3 phase induction motor of rating 415V, 50HZ.
In this machine have two pairs of rollers, one at the top and other at the bottom. The mixer
is fed to the bottom roller and the output of the bottom roller is fed as the input of the top
rollers. The mixer is turned as a rubber sheet. The sheet is cooled in an AVIPOL tank. This
rank consists of fan and water. The rubber sheet kept inside it till it reaches room
temperature.

Pre-Forming:

The combination of extrusion and slag cutting process is called pre-forming.

Extruding:

The rubber is then extruded into the desired shape using extruders. The die decides
the shape of the extruded product. The machine used in TVS rubber industry for this
extruding process are four and half extruder, three and half extruder and bare – well
extruder.

Slug Cutting:

In this stage the extruded rubber obtained is made into small piece called SLUG.
This slug may be square rectangular are some irregular shapes. The slag is kept in stock in
order to meet sudden rise in demand.

Sheet Cutting:

In this stage the rubber sheet obtained is cut into long strip which is fed to the
injection press. The injection press is mainly used to manufacture huge size bushing and
engine moulding.

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Moulding:

This is a stage which consists of two pre compression and injection.

Compression:

In this press the slug as fed inside the machine with pressure of 2000psi. The slug is
made into the desired shape using the mould. When the mould is a standard shape the then
slug is turned to a standard shape by applying temperature and pressure.

Injection Press:

In this press the sheets of rubber is injected through an extruded cyline. The thermal
controller is used to maintain oil temperature and heated of 1000EW maintains the place
temperature 200 C. The injection press is driven by a 3 has squirrel cage injection motor
150 Kw, 50Hz, 1450rpm, 27.6 Amps, 415 V is coupled mechanically by the pump. In
hydraulic pump hydraulic oil is used to maintain pressure of 2000psi.

Inspection:

In this section the each and every product is weighed, checked to the desired one.
They check whether there is any damage. After inspection the quality products are
dispatched to the customers.

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Product Process flow:

Raw material Milling

Mixing

IP store process
Moulding
(performing) inspection

FG Final
SFG
(Deflahing) inspection

Despatch

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Raw material used:

Here natural rubber, oil, chemical and carbon are used as the raw material.

The raw materials are stored in the stores were quality checking process is
undergone.

For natural rubber viscosity is tested.

For carbon pour density and iodine absorption number is tested.

For oil boiling point and annealing point is tested.

For chemicals various properties are tested.

Mixing:

In this process (natural rubber + oil + chemical + carbon) are mixed in a kneader
and then after cooling process the mixed blank sent through two rollers and made as sheet.

IP store:

After inspection the rubber blank stored in IP store and then they performed rubber
blank sent to the moulding process.

Moulding:

Moulding is the process of manufacturing by shaping liquid or raw material

using a rigid frame called a mould.

A mould is a hollowed out block that is filled with the pliable material like
plastic, rubber, gas, etc.
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Types of moulding:

▪ Compression moulding.
▪ Injection and transfer moulding.
o Horizontal Injection.
o Vertical Injection.
▪ Vacuum moulding.
1. Compression Moulding:
Compression moulding is a high pressure for moulding complex, high strength
fiberglass reinforcements. This process involves thermosetting resins in partially cured
stages. The resins could be either granules, putty like masses or performs.

The mould is closed and pressure is applied so that the moulding material spread into the
mould areas. During the entire process the heat and the pressure are maintained until the
curing of moulding material.

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2. Injection moulding:
Injection moulding pressures are used for manufacturing plastic products by the
injection moulding process. These presses can faster the moulds in either a horizontal or
vertical position. Most preferable presses are horizontally oriented however vertically
oriented presses are used in some niche applications such as insert moulding. To faster the
tools to the platens here are many options like manual clamps, hydraulic clamps and
magnetic clamps.

Injections moulding presses are classified primarily by the type of driving system. In
injection moulding more amounts of flashes are ejected.
3. Vacuum moulding:
These moulding presses are state of art machines, offering highly accurate and
precise application. Theses presses are used in moulding rubber, plastic and composites as
well as they can be used for wide variety of functions as bounding, laminating, assembling
etc. These machines allow mould with the two mould halves fixed on the heated platens.
The presses can be fitted with user friendly reliable PLC based controls.

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 Vaccum moulding presses are offered in various capacities ranging from 50 to 500
tons. In these highly efficient systems, the compression takes place in a vaccum chamber
where there is closed chamber connected to a pump capable of producing 1m bar ultimate
vaccum. These moulding presses substantially enhance the moulding quality and increase
production up to 50%

SFG:

SFG means Semi Finished Good. After moulding process the product obtained
without removal of flash is called as the semi finished goods.

FG:

FG means Finished Goods. After moulding process finished product obtained after
removal of the flashes is called the finished goods.

The SFG products are converted to FG products by using various process such as

• Tear Trimming

• Clicking

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Inspection:

Inspection is the important process to be followed by all the industries

because, when the defect products reaches the customer it leads to huge loss of money to
the industry, it drop down the company status and hence inspection process is an important
process to be carried out by all the industries during each and every process of the cycle.

Despatch:

Thus after quality assurance (QA) the good products along with ok tags are brought
to packing department and finally the box is seal and dispatched.

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FINANCE DEPARTMENT:

Finance is regarded as the life blood business enterprise. The modern money
oriented economy, finance is one of the basic foundations of all kinds of economic
activities it is the master key which provides access to the entire source for being employed
in manufacturing and merchandising activities. It has rightly said that business needs
money to make made money.

There are sub sections working under finance department:

• Payroll section
• Bills payment section
• Bills receivable section
• Cash accounts section’
• Provident fund section
• Costing and budgeting department
• Purchase scrutiny section
• Book keeping and construction section

Payroll section

The main function of payroll covers the following:

• Disbursement of salaries and wages

• Payment and recovery of advances
• Recovery of dues from employees
• Reimbursement of expenses like medical, conveyance, school fees etc.
• Remittance of amount recovered from employees to various agencies.
• Accounting of all pay roll transactions.

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Bills payable

The bills payable section is further divided in to two sub-sections. They are:

• Bills payable-inland
• Bills payable –foreign

The registers are as follows:

• Service bill register

• Agency commission bills register
• Freight bill register
• Purchase order register
• Other periodical expenses register such as telephone, telex, electricity, water, rent
and property.

Bills receivable

It is the responsibility for the preparation and submission of invoice for the
equipment and spare parts sold; service rendered, followed up for the collection and
accounting of sales and all other works connected to the sales like filling of commercial
tax return etc.

Cash office

This section is responsible for all payments of cash, cheques and accounting same
in the books of accounts.

Provident fund

This deals with the provident fund of the workers and the employees and it deals
with the family provident fund, employees deposit insurance schemes, gratuity fund and
group saving linked insurance plan. It also provide other activities like investment of PF
31
accumulation in approved securities, final payment of on the termination or on the death
of the person, declaration of the person, declaration of the PF accumulation in approved
securities, declaration of the PF interest and crediting it to the members accounts etc

Costing and budgeting department

Costing and budgeting department is a very important area concerned to the

company. Costing take care of all the expenditure concerned to the production this
department will calculate all the overhead cost and they will identify the area where costs
can be reduced. These reports they send it to planning department and the planning
department will in turn send this to the IE and MS department as part of annual cost
reduction plan. Budgeting will be done for every financial year and the funds will be
allocated for each and every activity. These will help to maintain the working capital and
funds property.

Purchase scrutiny

• Purchase is concerned to be very important function in a firm. Therefore,

scrutinizing the purchase procedure is also as important as purchase itself.
• The main function of this section is to section is to scrutinize the purchase orders.
• This section will assist the purchase department in deciding on the purchase order.
• All information of the purchase department will be scrutinized i.e. from the time
request for material is placed till the purchase order being placed.
• Coordinating with the department during the tender formalities also.

Book keeping

This section is completely responsible for the maintenance of the complete

financial records all the accounting sections present in BEML have to report to this book
keeping section. This document constantly keeps in touch with other department for
information pertaining to sales and purchase, investment, loans, advances and other details

32
for the profit and loss account and balance sheet which is to be prepared at the end of the
year. This section is responsible for the conciliation of the accounts of other divisions, it
also charges the depreciation on the assets of the company and is responsible to answer the
government audit and also entered with the work of tax audit report.

Comparative statement:

In this types of statement have two types of finance details. That is following as:

• Balance sheet statement

• Profit and loss statement

Some of the constituents of current assets are:

i. Cash in hand and bank balances

ii. Bills receivable
iii. Sundary debtors (less provision for bad debtors)
iv. Short - term loans and advances
v. Inventories of stock a:
a. Raw material
b. Work in process
c. Stores and sparesh
d. Finished goods
vi. Temporary investments of surplus funds
vii. Prepaid expenses
viii. Accrued incomes

Receivable Management:

An amount receivable is the money owed to a company by a customer for products and
services purchased on credit. This is usually treated as a current asset of accounts receiver
be after the customer is sent an invoice. Accounts receivable are known by various names,
33
such as accounts receivable again, account payable, days receivable, account receivable
turnover and invoice factoring.

According to the experts, accounts receivable or invoice factoring is one of series of

accounting transaction. There accounting transactions deals with the billing of customers
who own money to a person, company or organization for goods and services purchased.
If you are seriously considering using accounts receivable as a method of obtaining a more
liquid asset, then it is wise to hire accounts receivable management specialists.

Accounts receivable management specialists can help you in a variety ways:

• It can cut and maintain your average collection delay.

• It can lessen your direct and indirect expenses.
• It can considerably reduce your bad debt.
• It can tell you various ways to take advantage of your cash-flow.
• It can help you capitalize on your internal resources.

It can maximize your interventions on sales, service and market share.

Hiring the best accounts receivable management will clear. Up the common misconception
that the selling of account receivable is a loan. Accounts receivable are the amounts that
customers own a business. This is clearly shown on a company’s balance sheet.

Some also call accounts receivable trade receivable and try to classify them as current
assets. Accounts: one must debit a receivable and credits are venue accounts. Accounts
receivable management also looks in to issue such as recognizing accounts receivable,
valuing accounts receivable, and disposing of account receivable.

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PAYABLE MANAGEMENT

Cretic management:

Trade credit creates amount receivables or trade debtors also referred to as book
debts in India that the firm is expected to collected in near future. The customers from
whom receivable or book debts have to be collected in the future are called trade debtors.

A credit sales has 3 characteristics:

❖ Involves an elements of risk that should be carefully analyzed.

❖ Based on economic value
❖ Implier futurity

Credit policy:

• Nature and goals:

A firm investment in amounts receivables depends on:

▪ The volume of credit sales

▪ The collection period

There is only one way in which the financial management can affect the volume of
credit.Sales and collection period. Consequently invest in accounts receivables that is
through the change in credit policy in sure to refer to the combination of dicision
variables.

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Credit standards:

Credit standards which have criteria to decide the types of customers which have criteria
to decide the types of customers to whom goods could to sold on credit. If a firm has more
slow playing customer it’s invest in account receivables will increase. The firm will also
be exposed to higher risk of default.

Credit terms:

Credit terms specify duration of credit payment by customer investment in account

receivables will be high if customers are allowed extended time period for making
payments.

Collection efforts:

Collection efforts determine the actual collection period. The lower the collection period
is the lower the investment in account receivable and vice versa.

Goals of credit policy:

A firm may follow a lenient or a stringer credit policy. The firm following a lenient
credit policy tends to sell on credit to customers on very liberal terms and standards credit
is granted for longer periods over to those customers who credit worthless is not fully
known or whose financial position is doubtful.

List Of Advantages:

▪ Eliminated customer complaint

▪ Less production time & Reduced cost
▪ Increased production Rate
▪ Less power consumption
▪ Labour cost & Efficiency

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Less Production Time:

The conventional tool machining process taken more time for machining
compared to the progressive tool machining time

Reduced Cost:

Progressive tool cost is low compared to the conventional tool, machining

process. Because progressive tool is a single tool machinery process. But conventional tool
requires for two tools, so the Production Rate is high.

Lesser Power Consumption:

Conventional machinery process working at tools.But Progressive tools

works only one tool.so the progressive tool consumes low power compared to the
conventional tools.

Labour Cost:

The progressive tool machinery process,need for only one labour.But the
conventional tool machining process requires minimum two labours.so the labour cost is
reduced.

Efficiency:

The Progressive tool machinery process efficiency is higher than

conventional tool machinery process.

Eliminate Customer Complaint:

The customer complaint is reduced 2 to 0 due to loss defects and 100%

inspection.

37
Production Rate:

Such in a new method to set of ten core pin and cavity are placed and using
rotational bar method on other side a set is paced.

Total time-3min

In this method when curing takes place the labour can perform the loading another
side such production takes place faster rate and labour work reduced thus productivity
improvement through rotational bar concept.

• Production rate improved

• Faster production
• Time is less

Cost Analysis:

The cost lost due to Dearing is about rs.12000 per month. Due to the new tool design
the laws of the company is reduced up to Rs.12000 per month and Rs.1.44lakhs per year.
The rate of new product designed is Rs.3.72 per product and Rs.44.64 per mound.

38
HR DEPARTMENT:

Introduction:

Every business is made up of people its human resources. An organization is nothing

without human resource management about managing their people effectively it’s aimed
at achieving business objectives through the best use of an organizations human resource.
Effective management of human resource is vital in all type and sizes of organization.

HRM is defined as the set of activities, programs & functions that are designed to
maximize both organizational as well as employee effectiveness. All the activities of
employee from the time of his entry into an organization until he leaves come under the
horizon of HRM. The divisions included in HRM are Recruitment, Pay roll, Performance
Management, Training & Development, Retention, Industrial Relation, etc.

Human resource management involves all management decisions and practices that
directly affect or influence the human resources. Who work for the organization?

DEFINITION:

Function:

From recruiting to orienting new employees, from writing job descriptions to

racking vacation and sick leave and from instituting and monitoring policies to monitoring
benefits there has been a need for an HR generating a “Structure” to holding down costs of
administration.

HRM is a function that helps manager’s recruit, select, train and develops
employees for an organization.

39
1. HR Planning:

HR Planning is understood as the process of forecasting an organizations future

demand for and supply of the right type of the people.

2. Job Analysis:

Job analysis is the process of studying and collecting information relating to the
operations and responsibilities of a specific job. The immediate products of this analysis
are job description and job specification.

3. Recruitment:

Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting capable for employment. The
process begins when new recruits are sought and ends when their applications are
submitted. The result is a pool of applicants from which new employees are selected.

4. Selection:

Selection is the process of differentiating between applicants in order to identify

those with greater likelihood of success in a job.

5. Placement:

Placement is understood as the allocation of people to jobs. It is the assignment or

re – assignment of an employee to a new or different job.

6. Training and Development:

It is an attempt to improve current or future employee performance by increasing an

employee’s ability to perform through learning usually by changing the employee’s attitude
or increasing his or her skills and knowledge. The need for training and development is
determined by employee’s performance deficiency. Computed as follows:

40
Training and Development need = Standard performance – Actual performance.

To meet current & future business demands, Training & development encompasses
a wide range of learning actions from training for task &knowledge sharing to improved
customer service & career development, thus expanding individual, group & organization
effectiveness.

Increasing management recognizes that training offers a way of developing skills,

enhancing productivity & quality of work & building worker loyalty to the firm & most
importantly, increasing individual & organizational performance to achieve business
results. Training is widely accepted as an employee benefit and a method of improving
employee morale and enhancing employee skills has become a business imperative.

Depending on the size, goals, nature of the organization, trainers may differ
considerably in their responsibilities in the methods they use. Training methods include on
the job training; operating schools that duplicate shop condition for trainees prior to putting
them on the shop floor; apprenticeship training, class room training, and electronic
learning, which may involve interactive internet based training, other computer aided
instructional technologies, videos, simulators, conferences and workshops.

7. Remuneration:

Remuneration is the compensation an employee receives in return for his or her

contribution to the organization.

8. Motivation:

Motivation is a process that starts with a psychological or physiological deficiency

or need that activates behavior or a drive that is aimed at a goal or an incentive.

41
9. Participative Management:

Workers participation may broadly be taken to cover all terms of association of

workers and their representatives with the decision making process, ranging from exchange
of information consultations, decisions and negotiations to more institutionalized forms
such as the presence of workers members on management or supervisory boards or even
management by workers themselves practiced in Yugoslavia (ILO).

10. Communication:

It may be understood us the process of exchanging information, and understanding

among people.

11. Welfare & Safety:

It as defined by ILO at its Asian Regional Conference. Defined labour welfare as a

term which is understood to include such services, facilities, and amenities as may be
establish in or in the vicinity of undertaking to enable the person employed in them to
perform their work in healthy, congenial surrounding and to provide them with amenities
conductive to good health and high morale.

Safety means freedom from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. In order to
ensure the continuing good health of their employees, the HRM focuses on the need for
healthy workers & healthy services.

Safety Department:

Safety in simple terms means freedom from risk of injury or less. Individual safety
or employees safety refer to the protection of workers from industrial accidents. The Indian
industries faces thousands of accidents they not only causes pain, disability but death and
also cause untold miseries to the families, apart from accidents it also results in financial
loss, besides legal effects, embracement’s and loss of public image.

42
Safety gadgets provided by TVS RUBBER COMPANY

▪ Helmets

▪ Goggles

▪ Respirator

▪ Ear muff

▪ Gloves

▪ Apron

▪ Safety belt

▪ Pants

▪ Gagging boots

▪ Safety shoes

▪ Figure guards

▪ Suit

▪ Coat over all

In TVS Rubber safety department looks in to the safety of men, material, machinery,
equipment and environment. The safety precautions followed in TVS Rubber are governed
by ISO-9000 certifications.

To ensure safety at TVS Rubber the following programmes are undertaken:

▪ Display of safety poster

▪ Training of employees in safety maintenance, material handling and equipment
handling by internal and external safety experts.

43
13. Transfer:

It involves a change in the job (accompanied by a change in the place of the people)
of an employee without a change in the responsibilities or remuneration.

14. Separations:

Lay – offs, resignations and dismissal separate employees from the employees.

15. Employee Relations:

It is concerned with the systems. Rules and procedures used by unions and
employees to determine the reward for effort and other conditions of employment to protect
the interests of the employed and their employers and to regulate the ways in within
employers treat their employees.

16. Disputes and their settlement:

Industrial disputes mean any dispute or difference between employers and

employers or between employers and workmen or between workmen and workmen which
is connected with the employment or non - employment or terms of employment or with
the conditions of labour of any person.

17. Salary and wages:

It is biggest component of the compensation package. It is also the most common

factors of the comparison among employee. It includes basic wage, House rent allowance,
dearness allowance and city compensatory allowance.

44
Supporting department :

Human capitalize most of the process on industrial from the management to the
laymen(operation). An industrial environment is one of the in which there are a large
number of people from various department working together to meet set goals. When it
comes to unmet goals, fingers should also be pointed to the supporting department as they
also contribute to this matter. The supporting department play their role in maintaining the
consistent pause of work of the industrial shop floor.

There are three basic departments in industries which are :

• Total quality management (TQM)

• Production, planning and control (PPC)
• Maintenance department

TQM: involves all the quality matters of the parts produced.

PPC: involves in planning the production process and supplies base on orders.

Maintenance department:

It is responsible on all the technical matter on the industrial shop floor most of the
industries face problem due to ybfore seen damages that the company will face if a turk is
not done on schedule basis.

45
Training Programs Conducted By HR Department:

▪ Product & Safety Training

▪ Energy conservation
▪ Physio therapy medical camp
▪ Health awareness
▪ First aid and fire fighting Training
▪ MFG training & EMS awareness training
▪ FQC Tools
▪ Apprentiship training
▪ Job construction training
▪ Informal training
▪ On the job training
▪ Lectures
▪ 5’S training & 5’M Condition training

Welfare Measures:

It includes anything that is done for comfort and improvement of employees and is
provided over and above the wages welfare helps in keeping the morale and motivation of
the employees high so as to retain the employees for longer duration.

Welfare has the following objectives:

 To provide better life & health to the workers.

 To make the workers happy & satisfied.
 To relieve workers from industrial fatigue & to improve intellectual, culture
and material conditions of living of the workers.

46
Welfare schema:

• Drinking water
• Facilities for sitting
• First aid appliances
• Canteen facilities
• Lightings
• Rest rooms
• Changing rooms

Safety Measures:

It is the state of being “safe” the condition of being protected against physical,
social, spiritual, finance, financial, political, emotional, occupation, psychological,
educational or other types of consequences of failure, damage, errors, accidents, harm or
any other event which could be consider non desirable.

Security is the process or means, physical or human of delaying preventing and

otherwise protecting against external for internal defects, danger, loss, criminal and other
individual or action that threaten, hinder or destroy an organizations “steady state” and
deprive it of its intended purpose for being.

47
IT DEPARTMENT

A computer(-based) information system is essentially an IS using computer

technology to carry out some or all of its planned tasks. The basic components of computer
based information system are:

• Hardware- these are the devices like the monitor, processor, printer and
keyboard, all of which work together to accept, process, show data and
information.
• Software- is the programs that allow the hardware to process the data.
• Databases- are the gathering of associated files or tables containing related data.
• Networks- are a connecting system that allows diverse computers to distribute
resources.
• Procedures- are the commands for combining the components above to process
information and produce the preferred output.

SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION:

OPERATING SYSTEM: window XP

Front – end: ASP .NET using Visual C#

Back – end: SQL Server

Server: internet information server

Browser: internet explorer 7.0

48
HARDWARE SPECIFICATION:

Processor: Intel core 2 Duo

Processor speed: 2.60 GHZ

RAM: 500 GB

Hard disk capacity: 750GB

FROND END:

About ASP.Net:

ASP.Net is an entirely new framework from Microsoft for building next generation web
application. ASP.Net is component based and modularized, every page, object and HTML.

The key component of the new dot.net frame-work has the potential to save organization
time and money by allowing them to establish object oriented framework for the web application.
Microsoft has done an excellent job by automation common web development tasks.

But more importantly they have created a tool that gives developers the ability to handle
any unisex problem.

ASP.Net:

ASP.Net is revolutionary new programming framework that enables the repaid

development of powerful web application and service. Part of the emerging Microsoft .Net
platform it easier and most stable way to build deploy and run distributer web application that can
target any browser or device.

49
ASP.Net supports the following two types:

o #Output caching
o #Input caching

Output caching is the process of caching the entire page this kind of caching is advisable for sites
with heavy traffic. Data caching is the process of caching a part of the page that includes object
and data.

Web clients

IIS (Internet
ASP.Net Information Server)

.Net framework

Server Operating System

50
 This figure shows about the ASP.Net infrastructure and the subsystem relationship.

ASP.Net Features:

Server control:

ASP.Net introduces the concept of server controls which enable the values of the
control to be manipulated on the server side.

Session state:

In ASP.Net the session state is automatically maintained by using a hidden field called view
state. Further ASP.Net offers the flexibility to turn the session state on or at both the page levels
as well the control label. It also possible to store the session state the session directly in the SQL
server database and retrieve at a later time.

Form validations:

ASP.Net offers a rich set of server control to achieve the task of the form validation. These controls
are popularly known as validation controls and can be used to validate all types of validations.

Web service:

ASP.Net offers a new concept called web service by which a web application can expose it’s
functionally to others on the internet by employing a protocol and in XML format. This entirely a
new concept web service can be employed for displaying news headlines, weather report.

User control:

ASP.Net offers code reusability by introducing the concept of “User control “. The user control is
a possible control, wrapped with common code that can expose properties, methods and event.
These can be employed for opening and closing database connections, which happen quite
frequently in all pages, users controls can be employed wrap up most frequent used HTML code
and reuse it across several web pages.

51
Registration of components:

In the web development it is common practice to apply a business logic component. This concept
has been received very well by the developers as there is a performance boost when such business
objects are employed. If a component is to be registered in ASP.Net, it has to be copied in web
applications as “BIN” directory.

Data access:

ASP.Net has introduced the next generations, of ADO known as ADO.Net with respect to data
access. ADO.Net places more emphasis on disconnected record sets by employing XML as
medium of communications between these words Set and the data source.

Error Handling and debugging:

ASP.Net offers a cleaner approach to error and debugging as compared to its predecessor ASP.Net.
It is now possible to specify to specify individual error pages for each ASP.Net page for each
ASP.Net page by employing the new error page directive.

Server Side Caching:

The process of retaining most frequently visited web pages in memory is called caching. Caching
of ASP.Net page leads to an increases in its performance.

Configuration details:

ASP.Net maintains all the configuration details pertaining to web applications in a file called
configuration. Web which is in a human readable format (XML). The whole range of
configurations details includes which request to handle on specific situation tracing options etc.

52
Internet information server (IIS):

IIS provides support for running ASP.Net applications and supports the development of ASP.Net
applications. Microsoft internet information server 4.0 contains ASP.Net pages (ASPX) to supply
the server side processing HTML pages including dispatching requests to external application
responsible for constructing dynamic HTML pages for example web applications typically call
external server application to process HTML form into database server application to process
HTML forms into a database server and to retrieve database records and format them into dynamic
HTML pages which the server then sends to the clients for display.

BACK END:

Microsoft SQL Server:

In 1980 Microsoft and system based team had to create SQL Server. It ran only on IBM’S OS/2
Operating System platform. After release of version 6.6 Microsoft and system based team
separated and SQL Server made its progress into the competitive market. The SQL Server 6.5 the
earlier version mainly focused on database design and implementations. The latest version 7.0 is
a significant release of SQL Server.

In this version two major changes have been made:

 NEW SERVER Architecture

 Inclusion of graphical administration tools like web assistant wizard data transformation
service.

Relation features of SQL Server:

• Information Representations
• Unique Definition Of Rows
• Systematic Treatment Of Null Values
• Guaranted Access
• High Level Updates Insert And Delete

53
Development environment:

▪ Use ASP.Net forms authentications

▪ MS SQL Server database & IIS
▪ Must use ASP.Net technology
▪ Use visual Studio.Net 2003 to create an ASP.Net web application.

54
MARKETING DEPARTMENT

The industrial rubber products market include products developed from various types of
rubber such as natural rubber, synthetic rubber, elastomers (EPM/EPDM), silicone rubber, butyl
rubber (IIR Isobutylene-Isoprene rubber), ethylene-propylene, liquid silicone rubbers (LSR). The
industrial rubber products market is extremely competitive with the top ten companies accounting
for less than one-third of the total sales.

The product segment of industrial rubber include mechanical rubber goods, vibration
control products, molded rubber goods, weather stripping products, wiper blades, rubber hoses,
large bore dredging hose, high pressure hoses, rubber belting, flat belts, non-flat belts, elevator and
conveyor belting, transmission belts, belt drive system, floor and wall coverings, roll coverings,
sheet & film, geomembranes and fabricated rubber products.

Marketing is communicating the value of a product, service or brand to customers, for the
purpose of promoting or selling that product, service, or brand.

Marketing techniques include choosing target markets through market analysis and market
segmentation, as well as understanding consumer behavior and advertising a product's value to the
customer. Marketing satisfies these needs and wants through exchange processes and building
long-term relationships.

There are 3 division are available:

Marketing
Department

Sales auto Auto Retail

section

55
Export:

Initially found the customer & consumer requirements.

Analyze the customer requirements. It the product satisfy the customer requirements
proceed the agreement.

If the customer satisfied with the company products.They may maintain the good
relationship with the organization.

If they cannot satisfy they may search organization as well as new products to satisfy their
requirements or needs.

Research & Development:

In this section they may produce the new product for using this research and development.
Then they check the oil, chemical, rubber and some other product that is expiery or not.

Research & Training:

In this section they are training the employee to do the work stresslessly.

There are having many testing that as follow:

➢ Rubber testing.
➢ Chemical testing.

Functions of Marketing Department:

Formulation of effective advertising strategies for winning the market. Conducting

seminar/ exhibition For the purpose of launching new products to the market and also make the
people aware of their existing products. Conducting retailers meet for the purpose of maintaining
cordial relationship between management and distributors.

56
 Conducting consumer survey for the purpose of collecting information from customers for
the further product development and evaluation of existing position of product in the market.
Formulations of sales strategies in order to achieve the target turn over. Orientation is given to
dealer and distributors to make aware them about the quality of products.

Channels of Distribution:

A channel of distribution is the path through which products move from the place of
production to the place of ultimate consumption. The company distributes its products through
dealers. The company has around 150 dealers throughout India.

TVS factory

 Dealers

 Customers

Marketing Functions:

Marketing has different functions such as Sales, Advertising & Brand Management,
Research, Trade Marketing & Digital Marketing (Social Media Marketing is component / function
of Digital Marketing).

Marketing blends art and applied science (such as behavioral sciences) and makes use of
technology. Marketing is applied in enterprise and organizations through marketing management.

57
Customer orientation

Constructive criticism helps marketers adapt offerings to meet changing customer needs.

Many companies today have a customer focus (or market orientation). This implies that
the company focuses its activities and products on consumer demands. Generally, there are three
ways of doing this: the customer-driven approach, the market change identification approach and
the product innovation approach.

No strategy is pursued until it passes the test of consumer research. Every aspect of a
market offering, including the nature of the product itself, is driven by the needs of potential
consumers. The starting point is always the consumer. The rationale for this approach is that there
is no reason to spend R&D (research and development) funds developing products that people will
not buy. History attests to many products that were commercial failures in spite of being
technological breakthroughs.

A formal approach to this customer-focused marketing is known as SIVA (Solution,

Information, Value, and Access). This system is basically the four Ps renamed and reworded to
provide a customer focus. The SIVA Model provides a demand/customer-centric alternative to the
well-known 4Ps supply side model (product, price, placement, promotion) of marketing
management.

58
 Product → Solution

Promotion → Information

Price → Value

Place (Distribution) → Access

If any of the 4Ps were problematic or were not in the marketing factor of the business, the
business could be in trouble and so other companies may appear in the surroundings of the
company, so the consumer demand on its products will decrease.

Some qualifications or caveats for customer focus exist. They do not invalidate or
contradict the principle of customer focus; rather, they simply add extra dimensions of awareness
and caution to it.

. The lessons drawn from this work include:

• Taking customer focus with a grain of salt, treating it as only a subset of one's corporate
strategy rather than the sole driving factor. This means looking beyond current-state
customer focus to predict what customers will be demanding some years in the future, even
if they themselves discount the prediction.
• Pursuing new markets (thus new value networks) when they are still in a commercially
inferior or unattractive state, simply because their potential to grow and intersect with
established markets and value networks looks like a likely bet. This may involve buying
stakes in the stock of smaller firms, acquiring them outright, or incubating small,
financially distinct units within one's organization to compete against them.

59
Other caveats of customer focus are:

• The extent to which what customers say they want does not match their purchasing
decisions. Thus surveys of customers might claim that 70% of a restaurant's customers
want healthier choices on the menu, but only 10% of them actually buy the new items once
they are offered.
• A corollary argument is that "truly understanding customers sometimes means
understanding them better than they understand themselves." Thus one could argue that the
principle of customer focus, or being close to the customers, is not violated here—just
expanded upon.
• The extent to which customers are currently ignorant of what one might argue they should
want—which is dicey because whether it can be acted upon affordably depends on whether
or how soon the customers will learn, or be convinced, otherwise.
• IT hardware and software capabilities and automobile features are examples. Customers
who in 1997 said that they would not place any value on internet browsing capability on a
mobile phone, or 6% better fuel efficiency in their vehicle, might say something different
today, because the value proposition of those opportunities has changed.

Organizational orientation

In this sense, a firm's marketing department is often seen as of prime importance within the
functional level of an organization. Information from an organization's marketing department
would be used to guide the actions of other departments within the firm.

As an example, a marketing department could ascertain (via marketing research) that

consumers desired a new type of product, or a new usage for an existing product.
With this in mind, the marketing department would inform the R&D (research and development)
department to create a prototype of a product or service based on the consumers' new desires.

60
Herd behavior

Herd behavior in marketing is used to explain the dependencies of customers' mutual

behavior. The economists reported a recent conference in Rome on the subject of the simulation
of adaptive human behavior. It shared mechanisms to increase impulse buying and get people "to
buy more by playing on the herd instinct."

The basic idea is that people will buy more of products that are seen to be popular, and
several feedback mechanisms to get product popularity information to consumers are mentioned,
including smart card technology and the use of Radio Frequency Identification Tag technology.

Further orientations

• An emerging area of study and practice concerns internal marketing, or how employees are
trained and managed to deliver the brand in a way that positively impacts the acquisition
and retention of customers, see also employer branding.
• Diffusion of innovations research explores how and why people adopt new products,
services, and ideas.
• With consumers' eroding attention span and willingness to give time to advertising
messages, marketers are turning to forms of permission marketing such as branded content,
custom media and reality marketing.

Marketing research

Marketing research involves conducting research to support marketing activities, and the
statistical interpretation of data into information. Marketing researchers use statistical methods
such as quantitative research, qualitative research, hypothesis tests, Chi-squared tests, linear
regression, correlations, frequency distributions, Poisson distributions, binomial distributions, etc.
to interpret their findings and convert data into information. The marketing research process spans
a number of stages, including the definition of a problem, development of a research plan,
collection and interpretation of data and disseminating information formally in the form of a report.
The task of marketing research is to provide management with relevant, accurate, reliable, valid,
and current information.

61
A distinction should be made between marketing research and market research. Market research
pertains to research in a given market. As an example, a firm may conduct research in a target
market, after selecting a suitable market segment. In contrast, marketing research relates to all
research conducted within marketing. Thus, market research is a subset of marketing research.

Marketing environment

The market environment is a marketing term and refers to factors and forces that affect a firm's
ability to build and maintain successful relationships with customers. Three levels of the
environment are: Micro (internal) environment - forces within the company that affect its ability
to serve its customers. Meso environment – the industry in which a company operates and the
industry's market(s). Macro (national) environment - larger societal forces that affect the
microenvironment.

Market segmentation

Market segmentation pertains to the division of a market of consumers into persons with
similar needs and wants. For instance, Kellogg's cereals, Frosties are marketed to children.
Crunchy Nut Cornflakes are marketed to adults. Both goods denote two products which are
marketed to two distinct groups of persons, both with similar needs, traits, and wants. In another
example, Sun Microsystems can use market segmentation to classify its clients according to their
promptness to adopt new products.

Market segmentation allows for a better allocation of a firm's finite resources. A firm only
possesses a certain amount of resources. Accordingly, it must make choices (and incur the related
costs) in servicing specific groups of consumers. In this way, the diversified tastes of contemporary
Western consumers can be served better. Market segmentation can be viewed as a key dynamic in
interpreting and executing a logical perspective of Strategic Marketing Planning. The
manifestation of this process is considered by many traditional thinkers to include the following;
Segmenting, Targeting and Positioning.

62
Types of market research

Market research, as a sub-set aspect of marketing activities, can be divided into the following
parts:

• Primary research (also known as field research), which involves the conduction and
compilation of research for a specific purpose.
• Secondary research (also referred to as desk research), initially conducted for one purpose,
but often used to support another purpose or end goal.

Marketing planning

The marketing planning process involves forging a plan for a firm's marketing activities. A
marketing plan can also pertain to a specific product, as well as to an organization's overall
marketing strategy. Generally speaking, an organization's marketing planning process is derived
from its overall business strategy. Thus, when top management are devising the firm's strategic
direction or mission, the intended marketing activities are incorporated into this plan. There are
several levels of marketing objectives within an organization. The senior management of a firm
would formulate a general business strategy for a firm. However, this general business strategy
would be interpreted and implemented in different contexts throughout the firm.

Marketing strategy

The field of marketing strategy considers the total marketing environment and its impacts
on a company or product or service. The emphasis is on "an in depth understanding of the market
environment, particularly the competitors and customers." A marketing strategy differs from a
marketing tactic in that a strategy looks at the longer term view of the products, goods, or services
being marketed.

63
Marketing strategy

A marketing strategy considers the resources a firm has, or is required to allocate in effort
to achieve an objective. Marketing Strategies include the process and planning in which a firm
may be expected to achieve their company goals, in which usually involves an effort to increase
revenues or assets, through a series of milestones or benchmarks of business and promotional
activities.

Positioning

The marketing activity and process of identifying a market problem or opportunity, and
developing a solution based on market research, segmentation and supporting data. Positioning
may refer the position a business has chosen to carry out their marketing and business objectives.
Positioning relates to strategy, in the specific or tactical development phases of carrying out an
objective to achieve a business' or organization's goals, such as increasing sales volume, brand
recognition, or reach in advertising.

Services marketing

Services marketing relates to the marketing of services, as opposed to tangible products. A

service (as opposed to a good) is typically defined by the paraphrase of 5 I's :

1. Inseparability - The customer cannot be separated from the service and therefore, the use
of it is inseparable from its purchase (i.e., a service is used and consumed simultaneously)
2. Intangibility - It does not possess material form, and thus cannot be touched. Yet, many
services are directly connected to products. Services (compared with goods) can also be
viewed as a spectrum. Not all products are either pure goods or pure services. An example
would be a restaurant, where a waiter's service is intangible, but the food is tangible.
• Service Products - Those pure services or major service components, directly offered
to customers, such as a gig
• Product Services - Those service elements associated with a physical objects such as
on-line shopping or instrument tanning

64
 3. Inconsistency (Variability) – Every delivery of the service will be different. Furthermore,
the use of a service is inherently subjective, meaning that several persons experiencing a
service would each experience it uniquely.
4. Inventory (Perish ability) – the service cannot last.
5. Involvement – customer can tailor the service while using it (e.g. hairdresser)

For example, a train ride can be deemed a service. If one buys a train ticket, the use of the train is
typically experienced concurrently with the purchase of the ticket. Although the train is a physical
object, one is not paying for the permanent ownership of the tangible components of the train.

Right-time marketing

Right-time marketing is an approach to marketing which selects an appropriate time and

place for the delivery of a marketing message.

As the number of vendors and delivery channels has increased, customers demand a right
time and place for accepting messages and only pay attention to messages when and how it is
convenient for them.

Guerrilla marketing

Guerrilla marketing is an advertising strategy, in which low-cost unconventional means (graffiti

or street art, sticker bombing, flash mobs) are used, often in a localized fashion or large network
of individual cells, to convey or promote a product or an idea.

65
PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:

The purchasing department plays a very important role in organization because purchasing
has effects on every vital factor concerning the manufacture, quality, cost, efficiency, and prompt
delivery of goods to customers.

The purchase section is responsible for discharge of the purchase functions. The functions
of the department are

➢ Vendor selection and development

➢ Preparation and dispatch of purchase orders to vendors
➢ Processing of purchase document after receipt of materials
➢ Intimation and follow up of rejection and shortage to the vendors
➢ Follow up of pending purchase orders

The purchasing department is responsible for the efficient purchase of all goods of proper
quality required for the different department.

Purchasing is the most important function of material management as the moment an order
is placed for the purchase of materials; a substantial part of the company finance is committed
which effects the cash flow position of the company. The head of the department is usually known
as purchase department.

FUNCTIONS OF PURCHASE DEPARTMENT:

To establish purchase policies, procedure and practices.

To identify and choose the best source of supply materials.

To receive purchase requisition from all departments.

To place purchases order with supplier and maintain records.

To check the quality and quantity of materials received.

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 To verify and approve the invoice for payment Functions of purchase department in TVS
rubber Company mainly requires two types of materials:

• Direct material.
• Indirect material.

The direct materials for rubber wood furniture product are the round log rubber wood and
indirect material includes hardware item used for production.

The amount of raw material purchased by TVS Rubber Company is around 30 lakh per
month which comprises item including rubber wood and hard ware item like screws, bolt, nail etc.

Consumables like

• Machine belt
• Lubricant oil
• Engine oil
• Break oil etc.

Chemicals like

• Boric acid
• Borax finger glue Lacquer items
• Thinner
• Steiner
• Sanding belt paper etc.

As a substantial portion of the company’s finance is used for purchasing the rubber wood,
the purchase department should keep in mind the following specifications at the time of purchasing
rubber wood. The logs must have a minimum of 24 inch diameter.

It must have minimum of 4 feet to 8 feet length. There must be no tapping mark, bending,
nails etc Logs having excess fiber should be rejected.

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 At present suppliers of rubber wood are from; Kerala: Perumbavoor, Taliparanba,
Kasargod, Iritty Karnataka: Sullys, Mangalore.

PURCHASE PROCEDURE:

TVS rubber is following a purchase procedure which is very systematic and scientific. The
main objective of this purchase procedure is to ensure all material to confirm to the specific
requirements.

The following are the various purchase procedure which are followed by TVS Rubber
Company.

1. Receipt of purchase requisition the purchasing function of rubco huat Pvt Ltd starts from
receiving purchase requisition. A purchase requisition is a form is used as a formal request to the
purchasing department to purchase materials. This form is prepared by the departmental heads for
special materials not stocked as regular items. It contains the details with ordering number and
specification if any, quantity of item and required date etc.

2. Inviting quotations the company calls tender for purchase of materials from approves
and provisional vendor. In responds to this tender the company gets the quotation from various
suppliers that they are ready to supply goods by specifying the quality and price.

3. Preparation of comparative statement. On receipt of quotations from the suppliers, the

purchase officer prepares a comparative statement on analysis of the quality of raw material at low
rat.

4. Selections of suppliers after the preparation of comparative statement, this comparative

statement are forwarded to purchase committee. The purchase committee selects the most
favorable supplier by considering the person who is supplying good at least cost with prescribed
quality and within the prescribed time.

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 5. Preparation of purchase order after getting approval from purchasing committee,
purchase department prepares purchase order. Purchase order is a written authorization to the
supplier to supply the material. The purchase order contains the information such as material
description quality, rate, total cost delivery rate, terms and conditions etc.

6. Preparation of goods receiving notes at the store once the order is placed, the suppliers
deliver the required materials on receipt of item stored in the department will prepare goods
receiving notes and forwarded to the purchase department for further proceedings.

7. Recommendation of invoice for the release of payment to the suppliers after proper
documentation by the purchase department the invoice and goods receiving notes are forwarded
to the financial department for arranging the payment. Usually the company makes the payment
to the supplier within one month.

Future Plan:

Work on development of new products and processes will be given more thrust
to ensure better value addition developing new process/evaluation of new machinery to improve
efficiently implementation of various systems in the factories validation of process requirements
and training employees to sustain the same will be given priority.

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FINDINGS

▪ The capacity utilization of installed machinery even 100% in all the time
most of the time they are kept size.
▪ Large of manpower.
▪ The company is located too from my locality due to good transport facility
all most all the employees who is reach the company in time.
▪ More space parking ,all facilities are available in the company.
▪ promotional activities of the sales turnover are increased.

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SUGGESTIONS:

▪ Proper utilization of machineries may result 100% capacity in

production.
▪ They may recruit more number of employees according to their
requirement they only reach the target.
▪ Necessary transport arrangement should be taken.
▪ Necessary steps to be takes for solving water scarcity, basic needs for
women employees
▪ Update technologies may be adopted in production method.
▪ Proper training and development programs should be conducted by
the management for the production by safe production.
▪ By me way of increasing promotional activities may helps to increase
their sales and to compete with current market trend.

▪ By launching effective code of product, procedures and policies

company may motivate employee morale.

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CONCLUSION

This on the job training is more useful to me. I can get more idea at the time of
training I get more knowledge about the company. It is very helpful to me. To
conclude the institutional training with a lot of experience and practical knowledge
about the business activity the training provides the basic skill regarding various
department of the concern. Hence practical knowledge about management and its
training activities understood

The employees of the organization and the manager of TVS RUBBER Extent full
co-operation with me to complete the work. It has given me a practical uses of
business organization. It gives useful experience and knowledge about the activities
of management.

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