STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

Name: Date:
Section: Q4 – Week 5

Hypothesis Testing on the Population Mean

Background information

In “Hypothesis Test for a Population Mean,” the claims are statements about a population mean.
But we will see that the steps and the logic of the hypothesis test are the same.
The tables and figure below are provided for your quick reference.

Table 1. Type of Hypothesis Test

Type of Hypothesis Test Reject the Null Hypothesis if:

Left –Tailed The test statistic is located to the left of the
(<) critical value.
Right-tailed ( The test statistic is located to the right of
>) the critical value.
Two-tailed The test is located to the left of the
( ≠) negative critical value or to the right of the
positive critical value.

Example 1
A random sample of 12 babies born in a charity ward of Cee Family Hospital was taken with a sample
mean weight of 2.5083 kg. Assuming that this sample came from a normal population, investigate the claim
that the mean weight is greater than 2.5 kg. The population standard deviation is 0.2 kg. Use the level of
significance 𝛼 = 0.05

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Example 2
A sports trainer wants to know whether the true average time of his athletes who do 100-meter sprint in 98
seconds. He recorded 18 trials of his team and found that the average time is 98.2 seconds with standard
deviation of 0.4 seconds. Is there a sufficient evidence to reject the claim at the 0.05 level of significance?

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p- value Method
The p-value (or probability value) is the probability of getting a sample statistic as extreme as the
test statistic in the direction of the alternative hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true.
To use a p-value in making conclusions for a given data at the level of significance 𝛼, we use the following
rule:
Reject Ho if p-value ≤ 𝜶
Or
Do not reject Ho if p-value > 𝜶
Example 3
A claim is published that in a certain area of high unemployment, 195 is the average amount spent on food
per week by a family of four. A home economist wants to test this claim against the suspicion that the true
average is lower than 195. She surveys a random sample of 36 families from the locality and finds the
mean to be 193.20 with a standard deviation of 6.80. Using p-value method at 0.01 level of significance,
test the home economists claim.

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 The Null and Alternative Hypotheses of Population Proportion
Population proportion, denoted by p, refers to a fractional part of a population possessing certain
characteristics. It can take on any value from 0 to 1.

When we perform a test of hypothesis for population proportion, we take a random sample from the
population. This test can be considered a binomial experiment since there are only two outcomes for any
trial, that is, success and failure, and the probability of a success does not change for each trial. For this
binomial distribution to be similar to the shape of the normal distribution, we apply the Central Limit
Theorem.

The Central Limit Theorem for Proportion states that the sampling distribution of the sample
proportion 𝒑̂ (read: “p hat”) is approximately normally distributed with mean p and standard deviation √𝒑𝒒𝒏if
the sample size n is sufficiently large but no more than 5% of the population size, where p is the
population proportion and q = 1 − p.

Moreover, the test statistic z used for hypothesis testing of a population proportion p is given by:

where: 𝑝̂ – sample population proportion, p –

population proportion, q = 1 - p
n – sample size

The following conditions should be met:

• np ≥ 5 and nq ≥ 5
• μ = np and 𝜎 = √𝑛𝑝𝑞.

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 GENERAL DIRECTIONS. Read carefully the directions indicated in the following activity, then, provide
what is needed or asked in each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
WRITTEN WORK # 5:
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. Which of the following refers to an intelligent guess about a population proportion?
A. Decision B. Hypothesis C. Interpretation D. Test statistic
_____2. Which of the following serves as a guide in deciding whether to accept or
reject the null hypothesis?
A. Acceptance region B. Confidence level
C. Decision Rule D. Interpretation
_____3. Under the normal curve, what do you call the values that separate the rejection region
from the acceptance region?
A. Confidence coefficients B. z-values
C. Computed statistics D. t-values
_____4.What are the critical values if the level of significance is 0.01 and it is a two-tailed
hypothesis test?
A. ± 1.90 B. ± 1.96 C. ± 2.00 D. ± 2.58
_____5. How many samples are needed for the sample size to be considered large?
A. n>10 B. n > 30 C. n > 50 D. n > 100
_____6. What statistical test for hypothesis is used when sample size is more than 30 and
standard deviation is unknown?
A. p B. r C. t D. z
_____7. If po = 0.67, what is qo?
A. 0.33 B. 0.35 C. 0.36 D. 0.37
_____8. When the null hypothesis is rejected, which of the following is true?
A. The conclusion is guaranteed.
B. The conclusion is not guaranteed.
C. There is a sufficient evidence to back up the decision.
D. There is no sufficient evidence to back up the decision.
_____9. In a z-test of proportion, what does it mean when the computed z lies in the rejection
region?
A. The sample proportion is equal to the population proportion
B. The sample proportion is equal to the hypothesized proportion.
C. The sample proportion is not equal to the population proportion.
D. The sample proportion is not equal to the hypothesized proportion.
_____10. What is the significance of the rejection region?
A. The rejection region has no significance.
B. If the test statistic lies outside the rejection region, we will accept the null hypothesis.
C. If the test statistics lies inside the rejection region, we will accept the null hypothesis.
D. If the test statistics lies outside the rejection region, we will reject the null hypothesis.
_____11. A manufacturer of a certain brand of rice cereal claims that the average saturated fat
content does not exceed 1.5 grams per serving. What is the parameter to be tested?
A. number of cereal brands B. amount of rice cereal
C. serving D. saturated fat content.
For items 12-13, use the problem below.
A manufacturer claims that the average lifetime of his light bulbs is 3 years or 36 months.
The standard deviation is 8 months. Fifty bulbs are selected, and the average lifetime is found to be
32 months. Should the manufacturer’s statement be rejected at α = 0.01?
______12. Which should be the null and alternative hypothesis?
A. 𝜇 = 36 B. 𝜇= 36 C. 𝜇 =32 D. 𝜇 =32
𝜇 ≠36 𝜇>36 𝜇 ≠32 𝜇 >32
______13. What should be the appropriate statistical test to be used?
A. p B. r C. t D. z
For items 14-15, use the problem below.
Beefy Burgee, a fast-food restaurant claims that 85% of the burger fanatics prefer to eat in their
place. To test the claim, a random sample of 90 burger customers are selected at random and ask
what they prefer. If 76 of the 90 burger fanatics said they prefer to eat at Beefy Burger, what will
conclusion do we draw at 0.05 level of significance? p = po
______14. What will be the appropriate null hypothesis?
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 A. p = 0.85 B. p > 0.85 C. p < 0.85 D. p ≠0.85
______15. What will be population proportion, 𝑝?
A. 0.8433 B. 0. 8434 C. 0.8444 D. 0.8544
PERFORMANCE TASK # 5
A. Decide for the Best!
Direction: Perform hypothesis test for the following.
1. The X Last Company has developed a new battery. The engineering department of the company
claims that each battery lasts for 200 minutes. In order to test this claim, the company selects a
random of 100 new batteries so that this sample has a mean of 190 minutes with a standard
deviation of 30 minutes. Test the engineering department claim that the new batteries run with an
average of 200 minutes. Use a 0.01 level of significance.
Solution:
a. State the Null and Alternative Hypotheses
H0 :
H1 :
b. What is the level of significance? 𝛼 =
c. Identify the rejection regions. =
d. Calculate the test statistics. Z =
e. What will be the decision rule?
f. Draw the conclusion:
B. Complete Me!
Tasks: Complete the table by providing critical values based in the Table of Areas under the Normal
Curve.

Level of significance Critical Regions

One-tailed Two-tailed

.05

.01

C. Formulate Me!
Directions: Write the Null and alternative hypothesis for each of the following population proportion.
1. Some boxes of a certain brand of breakfast cereal include a voucher for a free video rental inside
the box. The company that makes the cereal claims that a voucher can be found in 20% of the
boxes. However, based on their experiences eating this cereal at home, a group of students
believe that the proportion of boxes with vouchers is less than 0.2. This group of students
purchased 65 boxes of the cereal to investigate the company`s clam.
H0 :
H1 :
2. Haus of Gaz claims that more than two-thirds of the houses in a certain subdivision use their
brand. Do we have a reason to claim if in a random sample of 40 houses in this subdivision, it is
found that 25 use the company’s brand.
H0 :
H1 :
3. A pharmacy claims that 9 out of 10 doctors recommend Ibuprofen to combat migraine. To test this
claim, a random sample of 400 doctors is obtained so that only 320 of them indicate that they
recommend Ibuprofen.
H0 :
H1 :

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 STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Name: _________________________________ Date: ____________________
Section: ________________________________ Quarter 4, Week 6

The Test of Hypothesis on Population Proportion

Background Information
Advertisements make use of population proportion to promote their products.
They would often endorse that 8 out of 10 people has switched to their product over
their competitors or 3 out of 4 cool people use this product. However, they should be
able to test their hypothesis so that they wouldn’t be accused of false advertisement.

In order for us to fully grasp the concept of hypothesis testing, we must practice on a
lot of problems. With enough practice, the steps in hypothesis testing will be second nature to
us.
In interpreting the hypothesis of a population proportion, the test statistic is
used to interpret whether a data is accepted or rejected. The test-statistic must lie
on a certain region for it to be accepted, much like the die has to give a result of 3 or
4 for it to be counted. Otherwise, it will be rejected.
The test statistic value for the population proportion can be solved using the z-test for proportion
given by the following formula.

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GENERAL DIRECTIONS. Read carefully the directions indicated in the following activity, then, provide
what is needed or asked in each item. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
WRITTEN WORK # 6

B. Multiple Choice. Read and analyze each item carefully. Write your answer before the item number.

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PERFORMANCE TASK # 6
Discover Your Barangay: Decide for a situational problem you would like to discover in your
barangay, example, you claim that 75% preferred drinking water during this time of pandemic
rather than soft drinks. Make a survey by deciding the number of respondents, you can asked
them through messenger, text or call for physical distancing during this time of pandemic, then
formulate your hypothesis and choose a significance level size for α. After having all the data
needed, show the complete step by step solution for the problem.

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