SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

SHS Core Subject

Statistics and Probability
Quarter 4 - Module 4
Drawing Conclusion About Population Mean Based on
Test Statistic Value and Critical Region

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 About the Module

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
about the test statistics and rejection region in hypothesis testing. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to
follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
This module has only one lesson:
Lesson 1 – Draw conclusion about the population mean based on the test-
statistic value and the rejection region.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

draw conclusion about the population mean based on the test-statistic value and the
rejection region.

2 i
 What I Know (Pre-Test)
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer to the given items.
Write them on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the decision when the value of the test statistic lies within the critical
region.
A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C. Reject only the alternative hypothesis.
D. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.

2. What test statistic will be used if the sample size is above 30?
A. population mean B. standard deviation C. t-test D. z-test

3. If the t-computed value is 1.093 and the critical value is 1.699, what will be
the decision?
A. Reject both hypotheses. C. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. D. Support the alternative hypothesis.

4. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies within the critical
region.
A. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
B. There is enough evidence to accept both hypotheses.
C. There is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
D. There is no enough evidence to reject both hypotheses.

5. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies outside the critical
region.
A. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis
B. There is enough evidence to accept both hypotheses.
C. There is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
D. There is no enough evidence to reject both hypotheses.

6. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is rejected in a right-

tailed test.
A. Right of the critical region.
B. Lies within the critical region.
C. Left side of the critical region.
D. Lies both of the critical region.

7. If the z-computed value is 2.015 and the critical value is 2.011, what will be
the decision?
A. Reject both hypotheses. C. Support the null hypothesis.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. D. Do not reject the null hypothesis.

8. Find the critical value(s) of a two-tailed z-test with 𝛼 = 0.10.

A. z = -1.64 B. z = ±0.06 C. z = 1.64 D. z = ±1.645

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 9. Find the critical value(s) of a two-tailed z-test with 𝛼 = 0.05.
A. z = -1.64 B. z = ±0.06 C. z = 1.64 D. z = ±1.96

10. From the given figure below, the z-computed value is 1.375. What
conclusion can be drawn?

A. Reject the null hypothesis.

B. Failed to reject the null hypothesis.
C. Reject only the alternative hypothesis.
D. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.

For items 11-12, refer to the given problem below:

In a right-tailed test with α=0.01, the z-computed value is 1.682.
11. What is the critical value?
A. 1.28 B. 1.645 C. 1.960 D. 2.326

12. What is your decision?

A. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.
B. Support both the null and alternative hypotheses.
C. Reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis; hence the alternative hypothesis is
unsupported.

13. A drink vending machine is adjusted so that, on average, it dispenses 2 00

ml of fruit juice with a standard deviation of 13 ml into a plastic cup. However,
the machine tends to go out of adjustment and periodic checks are made to
determine the average amount of fruit juice being dispensed. The operator
thinks that the amount dispensed is less than 200 ml. So to verify, a sample
of 25 drinks is taken to test the adjustment of the machine and a mean of 195
is obtained. For 𝑎 = 5%, an appropriate decision rule would be ____________.

A. retain the null hypothesis C. support the null hypothesis

B. reject the null hypothesis D. fail to reject the null hypothesis

For items 14-15, refer to the given problem below:

A manufacturer claims that the average lifetime of his lightbulbs is 3 years
or 36 months. The standard deviation is 8 months. Fifty bulbs are selected,
and the average lifetime is found to be 32 months. Should the manufacturer’s
statement be rejected at a = 0.01?

14. What is the computed z- value?

A. – 3. 54 B. – 3.55 C. -3.56 D. -3.57

15. What is your conclusion?

A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of his
bulb is not equal to 36 months.

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B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of his
bulb is greater than 36 months.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of
his bulb is not equal to 36 months.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of
his bulb is greater than 36 months.

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Lesson Drawing Conclusion About
1 Population Mean Based on Test
Statistic Value and Critical
Region

What I Need to Know

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:
o draw conclusion about population mean based on test statistic value and
critical region.

What’s In
Instruction: Read and understand the statements below and identify the
term described in each number. Choose your answer from the box below
and write the letter of the correct answer before the number.

__________1. It is the decision when the value of the test statistic lies within
the critical region.
__________2. It is the decision when the value of the test statistic lies outside
the critical region.
__________3. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is rejected
in a right-tailed test.
__________4. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is accepted
in a right-tailed test.
__________5. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is rejected
in a left-tailed test.
__________6. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is accepted
in a left-tailed test.
__________7. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies within the
critical region.
__________8. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies outside
the critical region.

A. Reject 𝐻0
B. Accept 𝐻0
C. Lies within the critical region
D. Left side of the critical region
E. Right of the critical region
F. There is no enough evidence to reject 𝐻0

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What’s New
Directions: Write the symbols greater than (>), less than (<), or equal to (=)
in the following numbers. Then, answer the questions that follow.

1. 2.433 _____- 2.433 5. 1.28 _____1.82

2. – 1.960____- 1.690 6. 1.645_____- 1.645
3. 2.571 _____2.751 7. -15.04 ____-15.40
4. – 1.645 ____- 1.465 8. -2.45 _____-2.50

What Is It
Guide Questions:
When do you reject the Null Hypothesis (𝑯𝟎 )?
➢ If the absolute value of the computed value is greater than the
absolute value of the critical value, then support the alternative
hypothesis (𝐻1 ).
When do you fail to reject or do not reject the null hypothesis?
➢ If the absolute value of the computed value is less than the absolute
value of the critical value, we do not reject or we fail to reject the null
hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is not supported.
What does the right- tailed or left-tailed test mean?
The table summarizes the right- tailed test and left -tailed test.

Right- Tailed If the computed value is greater than the critical

Test value, we reject the null hypothesis and support
the alternative hypothesis.

If the computed value is less than the critical value,

we do not reject or we fail to reject the null
hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is not
supported.

Left – Tailed If the computed value is less than the critical value,
Test we reject the null hypothesis and support the
alternative hypothesis.

If the computed value is greater than the critical

value, we do not reject or we fail to reject the null
hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis is not
supported.

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Study the examples below.
1. Given: 𝑛 = 200, 𝜇 = 5, 𝜎 = 2, 𝑥̅ = 5, 𝛼 = 0.05
Hypothesis: 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 5 ; 𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 5

Find the z-value. Establish the critical or rejected region/s:

Solution: Based on 𝐻1 , this is a one-tailed test (left-tailed test)
̅−𝝁
𝒙
𝒛=( ) (√𝒏) with critical regions 𝑧 < −𝑧𝛼 where −𝑧𝛼 =
𝝈 −𝑧0.05 = −1.645. The critical region (shaded part) is
𝟑−𝟓
=( ) (√𝟐𝟎𝟎) illustrated below.
𝟐
= −𝟏𝟒. 𝟏𝟒
Rejected Acceptance
Region Region

Decision: The computed z-value is -14.14 which is lesser than the critical
value of -1.645. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis and support the
alternative hypothesis.
or
Since −14.14 < −1.645 is TRUE, 𝐻0 is rejected. From the illustration
above, −14.14 lies within the critical region (shaded part).

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2. Given: 𝑥̅ = 6 , 𝜇0 = 5, 𝑠 = 2, 𝑛 = 15, 𝑣 = 𝑑𝑓 = 15 − 1 = 14 and
𝛼 = 0.05
𝑯𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔: 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 5 and 𝐻1 : 𝜇 > 5
Find the t-value. Establish the critical region:
Solution: Since > is use in 𝐻1 , 𝑡 > 𝑡𝛼,𝑣 will be used.
̅−𝝁
𝒙 Now using the student
𝒕=( ) (√𝒏)
𝒔 t-distribution table, the value of 𝑡𝛼,𝑣 is 𝑡𝛼,𝑣 =
𝟔−𝟓 𝑡0.05,14 = 1.761
=( ) (√𝟏𝟓)
𝟐 The critical region (shaded region) is
= 𝟏. 𝟗𝟒 constructed below.

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 Acceptance Rejection
Region Region

Decision: The computed z-value is 1.94 which is greater than the critical
value of 1.761. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis and support the
alternative hypothesis.
or
Since 1.94 > 1.761 is TRUE, 𝐻0 is rejected. From the illustration above,
1.94 lies within the critical region.

3. A rural health unit conducted a survey on the heights of the male aged
18 to 24 years old. It was found out that the mean height of male aged
18 to 24 years old was 70 inches. Test the hypothesis that the mean
height of the male aged 18 to 24 years old is not 70 inches if a random
sample of 20 male aged 18 to 24 years old had a mean height of 65
inches with a standard deviation of 3. Use 1% level of significance.

Given: 𝑥̅ = 65 , 𝜇0 = 70, 𝑠 = 32, 𝑛 = 20, and 𝛼 = 1% = 0.01

Hypotheses: 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 70 and 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 70
Find the t-value. Critical region: Since ≠ is used in 𝐻1 , 𝑡 <
̅−𝝁
𝒙 −𝑡𝛼⁄ ,𝑑𝑓 or 𝑡 > 𝑡𝛼⁄ ,𝑑𝑓 will be used. Now using
𝒕=( ) (√𝒏) 2 2
𝒔
the student t-distribution table, the value of
𝟔𝟓 − 𝟕𝟎
=( ) (√𝟐𝟎) −𝑡𝛼⁄ ,𝑑𝑓 is−𝑡𝛼⁄ ,𝑑𝑓 = −𝑡0.005, 19 = −2.861 and
𝟑𝟐 2 2
= −𝟎. 𝟕𝟎 𝑡0.005, 19 = 2.861.
The critical regions are illustrated below.
and 𝒅𝒇 = 19

Decision/Findings: Since −0.70 < −2.861 is FALSE and −0.70 > 2.861 is
also FALSE, 𝐻0 is rejected. From the illustration above, −0.70 lies
between the two critical regions.

Conclusion: There is no sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean

height of male aged 18 to 24 (age bracket) years old was 70 inches.

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What’s More
Directions:

1. In the Right- Tailed Test, when do you support the alternative

hypothesis?

2. In the Right- Tailed Test, when will the alternative hypothesis be not
supported?

3. In the Left- Tailed Test, when do you support the alternative

hypothesis?

4. In the Left- Tailed Test, when will be the alternative hypothesis is not
supported?

5. A seller claimed that her lip tint has a mean organic content of 90%. A
rival seller asked 60 users of that lip tint and found that it has a mean
organic content of 85% with a standard deviation of 5%. Test the claim
at 1% level of significance and assume that the population is
approximately normally distributed.

a. Identify the given.

b. Give the hypotheses.

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 c. Critical region.

d. Decision

e. Interpretation

f. Conclusion

What I Need to Remember

In a right-tailed test, if the computed value is greater than the critical

value, we reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative
hypothesis. But if the computed value is less than the critical value, we
do not reject or we fail to reject the null hypothesis and the alternative
hypothesis is not supported.
In a left-tailed test, if the computed value is less than the critical value,
we reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis.
But if the computed value is greater than the critical value, we do not
reject or we fail to reject the null hypothesis and the alternative
hypothesis is not supported.
Rejecting the null hypothesis doesn’t mean that it is incorrect, or the
alternative hypothesis is correct. The collected data suggest a sufficient
evidence to disprove the null hypothesis, hence we reject it.
Similarly, a failure to reject the null hypothesis does not mean that it is true
-only that the test did not prove it to be false. There is an insufficient
evidence to disprove the null hypothesis; hence we do not reject it.

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 What I Can Do
Instruction: Determine the given, formulate the null and alternative
hypothesis, critical region, decision and conclusions.

An association of Barangay Captains in Cebu City conducted a study

to determine the average number of times a family went to buy necessities in
a week. They found that the mean is 4 times in a week. A random sample of
20 families were asked and found a mean of 5 times in a week and a standard
deviation of 2. Use 5% significance level to test that the population mean is
not equal to 5. Assume that the population is normally distributed.

Given

Null Hypothesis

Alternative
Hypothesis

Critical region

Decision

Interpretation and
Conclusion

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 Assessment (Post Test)
Instruction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your chosen answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

1. What test statistic will be used if the sample size is above 30?
A. t-test B. population mean C. z-test D. standard deviation

2. If the t-computed value is 1.093 and the critical value is 1.699, what will
be the decision?
A. Reject both hypotheses. C. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. D. Support the alternative hypothesis.

3. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies within the critical
region.
A. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
B. There is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
C. There is enough evidence to accept both hypotheses.
D. There is no enough evidence to reject both hypotheses.

4. It is the conclusion when the value of test statistic lies outside the critical
region.
A. There is enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
B. There is no enough evidence to reject the null hypothesis.
C. There is enough evidence to accept both hypotheses.
D. There is no enough evidence to reject both hypotheses.

5. It is the decision when the value of the test statistic lies within the critical
region.
A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Fail to reject the null hypothesis.
C. Reject only the alternative hypothesis.
D. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.

6. It is the position of the value of test statistic when 𝐻0 is rejected in a right-

tailed test.
A. Lies within the critical region.
B. At the left side of the critical region.
C. Lies within the critical region.
D. At the right of the critical region.

For nos. 7-8, refer to the given statement:

In a right-tailed test with α=0.01, the z-computed value is 1.682.
7. What is the critical value?
A. 1.28 B. 1.645 C. 1.960 D. 2.326

8. What is your decision?

A. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.

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 B. Support both the null and alternative hypotheses.
C. Reject the null hypothesis and support the alternative hypothesis.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis; hence the alternative hypothesis is
unsupported.

9. A drink vending machine is adjusted so that, on average, it dispenses 200ml

of fruit juice with a standard deviation of 13ml into a plastic cup. However,
the machine tends to go out of adjustment and periodic checks are made to
determine the average amount of fruit juice being dispensed. The operator
thinks that the amount dispensed is less than 200 ml. So to verify, a sample
of 25 drinks is taken to test the adjustment of the machine and a mean of
195 is obtained. For α = 5%, an appropriate decision rule would be
_________________________________.
A. retain the null hypothesis C. support the null hypothesis
B. reject the null hypothesis D. fail to reject the null hypothesis

For nos. 10-11, refer to the given statement:

A manufacturer claims that the average lifetime of his lightbulbs is 3
years or 36 months. The standard deviation is 8 months. Fifty bulbs are
selected, and the average lifetime is found to be 32 months. Should the
manufacturer’s statement be rejected at a = 0.01?

10. What is the computed z- value?

A. – 3. 54 B. – 3.55 C. -3.56 D. -3.57

11. What is your conclusion?

A. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of his
bulb is not equal to 36 months.
B. Reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of his
bulb is greater than 36 months.
C. Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of
his bulb is not equal to 36 months.
D. Do not reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the average lifetime of
his bulb is greater than 36 months.

12. If the z-computed value is 2.015 and the critical value is 2.011, what will be
the decision?
A. Reject both hypotheses. C. Support the null hypothesis.
B. Reject the null hypothesis. D. Do not reject the null hypothesis.
13. Find the critical value(s) of a two-tailed z-test with 𝛼 = 0.10.
A. z = -1.64 B. z = ±0.06 C. z = 1.64 D. z = ±1.645
14. Find the critical value(s) of a two-tailed z-test with 𝛼 = 0.05.
A. z = -1.64 B. z = ±0.06 C. z = 1.64 D. z = ±1.96

15. From the given figure below, the z-computed value is 1.375. What
conclusion can be drawn?

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A. Reject the null hypothesis.
B. Failed to reject the null hypothesis.
C. Reject only the alternative hypothesis.
D. Reject both the null and alternative hypotheses.

14
 15
What’s More
1. If the computed value is greater
than the critical value, we reject
the null hypothesis and support
the alternative hypothesis.
What I Can Do
2. If the computed value is less than the
1. a.Given : n -= 20, 𝜇 =
critical value, we do not reject or we
4, x = 5, s =2,
fail to reject the null hypothesis and
a = 5%
the alternative hypothesis is not
b. Hypotheses:
supported.
𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 6 ∶ 𝐻1 : 𝜇 ≠ 6
3. If the computed value is less than the c. t= 2.24
critical value, we reject the null d. t<𝑡0.025,19= −
hypothesis and support the alternative
2.433 𝑎𝑛𝑑
hypothesis.
t< 𝑡0.025,19= − 2.433
4. If the computed value is greater than
e. Decision: Accept
the critical value, we do not reject or
Null Hypothesis
we fail to reject the null hypothesis
f. Conclusion: There
and the alternative hypothesis is not
is no enough
supported.
sufficient evidence to
5. a.Given : n -= 60, 𝜇 = 90, x = 85, s =4, conclude that the
a = 0.01 average number of
b. Hypotheses: 𝐻0 : 𝜇 = 90 ∶ 𝐻1 : 𝜇 < 90 times a family went
c. z = -59.158 out to buy necessities
d. Z<𝑍0.01 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑍 = 2.326 in a week is 4 times.
e. Decision: Reject Null Hypothesis
f. Conclusion: There is a sufficient
evidence to conclude that lip tint has a
mean organic content less than 95%.
What’s What’s In
What’s New
More 1.A
1.>
1. E 2. B
2. >
2. F 3. C
3. =
3. B 4. D
4. <
4. C 5. C
5. <
5. A 6.E
6.>
6. G 7.F
7.>
7. H 8. F
8. <
required.
Remember: This portion of the module contains all the answers. Your HONESTY is
Answer Key
References

Text Book
Alferez, Merlie et. Al, 2006, MSA Statistics and Probability, Franco Street,
Vista Verde Executive Village, Imelda Avenue, Cainta Philippines: MSA
Publishing House

Asaad, Abubakar.2008 , Statistics Made Simple for the Researchers:

Sampaloc Manila : Rex Book Store Inc.

Baccay, E.S and Belecina,R.R.2016 , Statistics and Probability: 1ST ed.

Sampaloc Manila : Rex Book Store Inc.

Malate, Jose S., Statistics and Probability for Senior High School
(Sta Ana Manila, Philippines: Vicarish Publications and Trading , Inc.,
2019),.

Reston, Enriquita, PhD. 2004 21ST Century Applied Statistics with Computer
Software Applications: Olingan, Dipolog City: Kappa Publishing
House.
Websites:
https://www.scribbr.com/statistics/test-statistic/
file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Downloads/4%20Statistics-and-Probability_G11_Quarter-
4_Module-4_Identifying-the-Appropriate-Test-Statistics-Involving-Population-Mean.pdf
https://drive.google.com/drive/u/0/folders/1oSMvGiS-Zss-
lVRLc4oekxp8jEli5XKC?fbclid=IwAR2BBYjXu9i3jwzJknnseWKxy4yQZoDlwPWClqHYz-
2BY17cguFSra7n_NU

Congratulations!
You are now ready for the next module. Always remember the following:

1. Make sure every answer sheet has your

▪ Name
▪ Grade and Section
▪ Title of the Activity or Activity No.
2. Follow the date of submission of answer sheets as agreed with your
teacher.
3. Keep the modules with you AND return them at the end of the school
year or whenever face-to-face interaction is permitted.

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