Tutorial 2

Carnot Engines
KH5033MAA Thermo-Fluid Mechanics

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 Second Low Applications
Carnot Principal

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 What’s a Carnot Engine ? When shall we use it ?

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 QL T
6–9 The Carnot Heat Engine = L
QH TH
( 30 + 273) K
Figure 6–45
= = 0.328
𝑄𝐿 ( 652 + 273) K
𝜂th = 1 − Any heat engine The Carnot heat engine is the most efficient of all heat engines
𝑄𝐻 QL =
operating
500 kJ ( 0.328)
between the same high- and low-temperature
reservoirs.= 164 kJ
𝑇𝐿
𝜂th,rev = 1 − Carnot heat engine
𝑇𝐻

𝐶𝑎𝑛 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 100% 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ?

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 6–7 The Carnot Principles 3 Figure 6–39

The Carnot principles.

1. The efficiency of an irreversible heat

engine is always less than the efficiency of
a reversible one operating between the
same two reservoirs.

2. The efficiencies of all reversible heat

engines operating between the same two
reservoirs are the same.

Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education. Permission required for reproduction or display.

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 Example 1

▪ An inventor claims to have developed a heat engine that receives 700 kJ of heat
from a source at 500 K and produces 300 kJ of net work while rejecting the waste
heat to a sink at 290 K. Is this a reasonable claim? Why?

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 Solution 1

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 Example 2 (Students)

▪ An air-conditioning system operating on the reversed Carnot cycle is required to

transfer heat from a house at a rate of 750 kJ/min to maintain its temperature at
24°C. If the outdoor air temperature is 35°C, determine the power required to
operate this air-conditioning system.

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 Solution 2

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 Example 3

▪ A heat pump is used to heat a house and maintain it at 24°C. On a

winter day when the outdoor air temperature is –5°C, the house is
estimated to lose heat at a rate of 80,000 kJ/h. Determine the
minimum power required to operate this heat pump.

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 Solution 3

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