Pancreatic Enzyme Deficiency

The endocrine system of humans are highly organized and developed to support the
inter Various metabolic reactions and conversions taking place at regular
level.Endocrine glands are ductless glands as referred Which are made up of tissues
responsible for secretion of hormones and are in coordination with the nervous system.

The endocrine system of humans are highly organized and developed to support the
inter Various metabolic reactions and conversions taking place at regular
level. Endocrine glands are ductless glands as referred Which are made up of tissues
responsible for secretion of hormones and are in coordination with the nervous system.

The hormones released by endocrine glands circulate in the blood and acts through
specific receptor to maintain equilibrium or homoeostasis.  Hormones act in 2 ways 1)
negative feed back process and 2) opposition by antagonistic hormones as well.

Pancreatic gland system represent diverse Which CAN support digestion process of
being exocrine in nature and Return carbohydrates regulates endocrine levels being in
nature. So the hormones or enzymes released from the pancreas are of higher value
and their deficiency is a lot negative factor for cells.

Langerhans's Cells
Takes place in human metabolism and active rates to make sure that physiological
requirements are met under constant basis.  The metabolism in the human body is split
based on the type of biomolecule getting metabolized as carbohydrates, protein, amino
acid, lipid, and nucleic acid metabolism.
As it is widely known that carbohydrates are is easily absorbed in the cell milieu Other
When compared to the carbohydrate metabolism and is high priority.  The body gets
immediate source of energy upon the breakdown of glucose molecules.Hence the
concentration of glucose and monosaccharides in human body is utmost importance.  To
maintain proper levels of glucose, the body system depends on pancreatic Which
contain groups of aggregated cells called Langerhans cells responsible for secretion of
several hormones to regulate carbohydrates.

Anatomy and physiology of Langerhans cells

The islets of Langerhans are capable of endocrine functions and represent They had
around 1-2% of total mass of the pancreas.  They had Discovered by Paul Langerhans
were and are around one million islets of cells.  The hormones released from pancreatic
islets are released directly into blood circulation and get circulated to all parts of the
body. Islets of Langerhans cells anatomically are divided Following cell types under

 Alpha cells: Secrete glucagon Which brings down blood glucose levels
 Beta cells: Secrete Insulin (works opposite to glucagon) increases glucose levels
 Delta cells: Secrete and Somatostatin inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion.
 PP cells: Secrete pancreatic polypeptide
 Epsilon cells: Secrete hormone called ghrelin

As it is evident from above that though the pancreatic islets of Langerhans cells
produced diverse hormones bring out Return They had wonderful feedback mechanism
in itself.

Insulin: Activates beta cells, inhibits alpha cells

Glucagon: Activates alpha cells, beta cells inhibits

Somatostatin: Gross inhibitor of alpha and beta cells.

So in short, pancreatic islets of Langerhans represent autocrine and paracrine behavior

of the endocrine system.

Medical Importance of Langerhans cells

In patients suffering from type 1 diabetes, transplantation of Langerhans cells proven to
be boon. It is known that in autoimmune disorders like type 1 diabetes occurs severe
damage to Langerhans cells, so restoring from healthy individuals is a better option.
Hormones and Enzymes Secreted by Pancreas
Pancreas are present deep in the abdominal cavity and contains groups of cells as
islets of Langerhans referred

Alpha cells: Secrete glucagon and increases sugar levels

Beta cells: Secrete Insulin and sugar levels decreases

Gamma cells: Secrete Both pancreatic polypeptide and inhibits insulin and glucagon

The pancreas is responsible for production of pancreatic juice plays a major role Which
in the process of digestion. The pancreatic juice contains sodium bicarbonate and
pancreatic enzymes like amylase (acts on starch), trypsin (acts on proteins and
peptides), and lipases (acts on lipids)

Disorders Related to Pancreatic Enzyme Deficiency

As explained above the pancreas have pivotal role in human systems and the
deficiency of enzymes and hormones leads to disorders like Various

 Diabetes mellitus
 Acute pancreatitis
 Chronic pancreatitis
 Pancreas tumors

Due to pancreatic enzyme deficiency or insufficiency the nutrients in the diet do not get
broken down and leads to malnutrition and severe weight loss.Malabsorption results to
failure of the intestine to absorb digested food and in first place due to pancreatic
enzyme deficiency is the food left undigested.

Due to dreadful pancreatic enzyme deficiency disorders like cystic fibrosis, chronic
pancreatitis, diabetes type 1 and 2 are prevalent with increased severity of symptoms
like steatorrhea, pain in abdomen, and flatulence.