hPOINTERS IN VALUES
must do what’s right)
LESSON 1: A FORCE GREATER THAN ME
 “I love you when you bow in your
mosque, kneel in your temple, pray in
your church. For you and I are sons of
one religion.” – Kahlil Gibran
- We live in a world at an ever changing
fast pace, where social media flood our
minds and hearts with images of
“success” in opulent luxury , power
“failure” in unspeakable suffering,
destitution and suffering
- Christopher Marlowe wrote, “The world
is charged with the grandeur of God.”
 “Forgive Me When I Whine” – Bruno
Hagspiel
LESSON 2: MY PRECIOUS LIFE
 “We, ourselves feel that what we are
doing is just a drop in the ocean. But
the ocean would be less because of that
missing drop.” – Mother Teresa
- Each one of us is uniquely designed by
God. He created us to give honor and
glory to His name. Our first parents
were created by God, too, someone
greater and more perfect then the
created.
- Henry Van Dyke once said, “Be glad of
life because it gives you the chance to
love and work and to play and to look
up the stars.”
- No man is an island. There will be
someone in need of kind needs, an
uplifting word of love and inspiring
insights, for “kindness is the language
which the deaf can hear and the blind
can see.” (Mark Twain)
LESSON 3: MY MORAL AND SPIRITUAL BEING
 “Weakness of attitude becomes
weakness of character.” – Albert
Einstein
 Concepts
1. Conscience- has two sides: the
Cognitive Side (knowing what’s right)
and Emotional Side (feeling that you
2. Moral Principles- are universally
affirmed guidelines for moral decision-
making like “Do not do unto others
what you would not have them do unto
you.” – Golden Rule
3. Moral Relativism- is a philosophy that
denies objective moral truths which
means it is the individual and his/her
feelings that matters most.
4. Moral Reflection- develops the mind of
a person of a person that enables
him/her to make moral judgements
about his/her own behavior and that of
others (Lickona, 1992:229)
5. Moral Reasoning- involves
understanding, what it means to be
doing what is right according to God’s
standards and why we should be
righteous (Lickona, 1992:55)
6. Spiritual Life- is the aspect of human life
guided by one’s relationship with the
Supreme Being
LESSON 4: MY FREEDOM BEGETS
RESPONSIBILITY
 “Today, more than ever before, life
must be characterized by a sense of
universal responsibility, not only nation
to nation and human to human, but
also human to other forms of life.” –
Dalai Lama
 Wisdom
- Is good judgement enables us good
judgement, make reasoned decisions
that are both good for us and for others
- Tells us how to put the other virtues
into practice for when to act, how to act
and how to balance different virtues
when they conflict
 Freedom
- Is the power or capacity rooted in
reason and will to act or not to act, to
do this or that and so to perform
deliberate actions on one’s own
responsibility
 - Responsibility is oriented towards
others, paying attention to them,
actively responding to their needs
which emphasizes our positive
obligations to care for each other
 Evan’s Dilemma – Bett E. Ramirez
 Where the Mind is Without Free –
Rabindranath Tagore
 Julius Caesar – William Shakespeare
LESSON 5: LAWS GOVERN HUMAN LIFE
 “Heroism on command, senseless
violence, and all the loathsome non-
sense that goes by the name of
patriotism – how passionately I hate
them.” – Albert Einstein
- Laws are made and implemented by
man to protect man and regulate his
behavior in the society
- Order (Orderliness) is the result of
effective implementation and
observance of laws
- Family Relations, according to Art. 50 of
The Family Code of the Philippines,
include relations between the husband
and wife, between parents and
children, and among brothers & sisters
whether half or full blooded (217a)
- Justice means respecting the rights of
all persons. You can develop the value
of justice by respecting human rights
and showing concern for the common
good. Cooperation, fairness,
appreciation for diversity, active of
justice. The Golden Rule embraces
justice as it directs us to treat other
persons as we wish to be treated
LESSON 6: MY LINK TO THE SUPREME BEING
 “Who can separate his faith from his
actions or his belief from his
occupations?” – Kahlil Gibran
- Three Religions of the West: Judaism,
Christianity and Islam
 Beliefs and Practices
1. Seventh-Day Adventists- accept the
authority of both the Old Testament
and the New Testament, avoids eating
meat and taking narcotics and
stimulants which they consider to be
harmful
2. Protestantism- gives high value
attached to hard work, thrift and
efficiency in one’s worldly calling which
were deemed signs of an individual’s
election or eternal salvation
3. Buddhists- are guided by social ethics
based on notions of Karmic justice (the
law that good deeds will be rewarded
with happy results while evil deeds will
entail sufferings for the one whom does
them), the cultivation of virtues such as
self-giving, compassion, and even-
handedness and the fulfillment of
responsibilities to parents, teachers,
rulers and so on
4. Muslims- believes that the junction of
the community is to join and forbid evil.
Cooperation and “good advice” within
the community which are emphasized
5. Iglesia ni Christo- necessitates a change
of character from that of being people
of this world, to that of being people of
God which requires sustained effort to
listen to hear God’s words in order to
maintain a clear life
 Application of Religious Teaching in
School- Nuggets
LESSON 7: MY RELIGION, MY RESPONSIBILITY
 “Religion should be the rule of life, not
a casual incident in it.”- Benjamin
Disraeli
 Why Church on Sunday?- Wochenpost
 The Value of Religion- Rabbi Norman E.
Singer
LESSON 8: MY FAITH IS THE KEY
 “The Filipino people nd their
government have the strength of their
own to protect the liberty that they had
won by peaceful means.” - Nicholas
Platt
- Nicholas Platt once described the
Filipino character as “unbreakable”, he
said that neither the shock of an
 earthquake, the flood of a typhoon nor
the terrifying roar of a volcano can bend
the Filipino spirit which was made
possible by our faith and trust to the
Supreme Being
- “Faith can move mountains.” Which
means that if we have faith, things that
are ordinarily beyond human power can
happen
LESSON 9: LIVING MY SPIRITUALITY
 People with High-Degrees of Spirituality
1. Prince Siddhartha Gautama- preached
on a religious-philosophical doctrine
that teaches serenity, tolerance and
universal love and followed by
Buddhism
2. Pythagoras- insisted that every night
before retiring one must ask
themselves: How did I succeed in my
studies today? Could have I learned
more? Could I have studied better? Is
there something I neglected?
3. Dr. Albert Schweitzer- French doctor
who built a hospital in Lambarene (the
Gabon) Africa, to give medical services
to its native inhabitants for free
4. Florence Nightingale- served as an army
nurse during the Crimean War, was
known for being as “Lady of the Lamp”
5. Mohandas K. Gandhi- preached non-
violence and civil disobedience as a
response for unjustly laws, considered
as India’s political and spiritual leader
and was known as Mahatma or “Great
Soul”
6. Clara Barton- was the founder of
American Red Cross
7. Philip Sidney- called as the “Worthiest
Knight that ever lived” as of one day
laying almost dead amidst the
battlefield a stranger brought him water
but gave to another soldier saying “your
need is greater than mine”
8. Johannes Gutenberg- invented the
printing press and with it published the
first book created by the press, the
Bible
9. Jack London- an American Author
whom wrote novels that speaks of
courage, friendship and loyalty which
includes “White Fang”, “The Call of the
Wild” and “The Sea Wolf”
10. Abraham Lincoln- persisted on making
his old friends address him the same old
way as he begged “Now call me Lincoln
and I’ll promise not to tell of the breach
of etiquette”
 Sanctity in Five Steps- John Cantoir/
Joseph Thomas
 Love of Enemies- Steve Goodier
LESSON 10: MY FAITH HELPS OTHERS SEE
GOD’S GOODNESS
 “All major religious traditions carry
basically the same message that is love,
compassion and forgiveness. The
important thing is they should be part
of our daily lives.”- Dalai Lama
 Caring for the Old- Dino Jensen
Sandoval
POINTERS IN ENGLISH
POSITION OF NOUNS
1. Subject- a subject is followed by verb,
EX: Makana sang a song at the wedding.
2. Direct Object- direct object is the noun
that receives the action of the transitive
verb, EX: After dinner, I always save a
cake
3. Indirect Object- indirect object
precedes the direct object and can be
found by asking who or what received
the direct object, EX: We can give my
friend a ticket
4. Object of Preposition- the noun that
follows the preposition, EX: Many
people live in the flooded village
5. Object of Verbal- verbal are forms or
verbs used as other parts of speech
such as nouns, adjectives and adverbs,
EX: We are the ones to win the game
6. Predicate Nominative- is the noun
following a linking verb that restates or
 stands for the subject, EX: It became an - Daedalus fastened the feathers with
evil twine and rope
7. Appositive- stands directly after the C. Adverbial Clause
noun it stands for, EX: Cambodia, my - Some fishermen watches as the rod
hometown, is the kingdom of wonder dips

ANCIENT GREEK LITERATURE SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Classical (900-328 BC) 1. Traditional Print Sources
- Birth of original works, main literary Books & Textbooks Encyclopedias
types were developed to express the Mags/etc. Periodicals Dictionaries
needs and ideals of the communities of Research Papers Almanacs
which the writer was a member of Biographies/Diaries Atlases
2. Hellenistic (323-146 BC) Speeches/Interviews Works of Fiction
- Cosmopolitan period, literature was Advertisements
developed &N written for 2. Non-Print Sources
entertainment or scientific instructor of Films/Video Recs Paintings/Drawings
a small educated group News Reel Pics/Photographs
3. Greco-Roman (146 BC – 396 HD) Slides/Presentation Maps/Tables/Charts
- Rome conquered Greece and ruled for Records/Tapes
600 years, writer turned to classical part
3. Internet Sources
to create a stylistic renaissance of
Websites
letters, Pagan literature gave way to
Blog Entries
Christian Literature
Online Forums
4. Byzantine Period
- Constantine rebuilt and renamed Online Videos/Recordings
Byzantium to Constantinople (Capital of
the Byzantine Empire), religious poetry PRONOUNS
had become the most prominent - Are used as noun substitutes
literature SINGULAR SUBJECT PLURAL SUBJECT
 Ancient Greek & Romans believed that FIRST I WE
all acts of life were supervised by SECOND YOU YOU
gods/goddesses THIRD HE,SHE,IT THEY
 Stories about gods and goddesses were SINGULAR OBJECT PLURAL OBJECT
collected into volumes & called it FIRST ME WE
“Greek Mythology” SECOND YOU YOU
THIRD HIM,HER,IT THEM
TYPES OF LISTENING SINGULAR PLURAL
1. Informative Listening POSSESSIVE POSSESSIVE
2. Appreciative Listening FIRST MY/MINE OUR/OURS
3. Critical Listening SECOND YOUR/YOURS YOUR/YOURS
THIRD HER,HERS,HIS,IT THEIR/THEIRS
NOUN & VERB MODIFICATION S
- Verb modifiers may express place,
manner, time, frequency, reason, POINTERS IN FILIPINO
purpose or negotiation
A. Single-Word Adverb SALAWIKAIN
- Icarus stood by & watched his father - Kilala rin bilang “kasabihan”, ito ay
B. Adverbial Phrases maikling pangungusap na lubhang
 makahulugan at naglalayong mabigay 11. Hestia- Diyosa ng apuyan at tahanan
patnubay sa ating pamumuhay. 12. Dionysus- Diyos ng alak
Naglalarawan ito ng mga karunungan. 13. Aphrodite- Diyosa ng kagandahan at
 Halimbawa pag-ibig
1. Kaibigan kung meron, kung meron  Mga Iba’t Ibang Tawag ng mga Diyos
sitsaron. ETRUSKANO GRIYEGO ROMANO
2. Lahat ng gubat ay may ahas. Tinia,Tina,Tin Zeus Hupiter
3. Nasa Diyos ang awa, nasa tao ang gawa. Uni Hera Huno/Juno
Menrva Athena/Atena Minerva
MITOLOHIYANG GRIYEGO Apulu/Aplu Apollo Apollo
 Mitolohiyang Griyego Artumes Artemis Diana
- Tumutukoy ng mga Griyego mismo ang Hercle Herakles Herkules
mga mitolohiya at mga kaugnay na
gawang sining upang magbigay-liwanag ANG KUBA NG NOTRE DAME
sa mga kultong pagsasanay at ritwal na  Awtor
mga tradisyon na napakaluma na sa - Victor Hugo
minsan, hindi na mauunawaang mabuti  Tauhan
- Tradisyunal na kuwento ng paniniwala 1. Pari Claude Frollo (Ahas)
- Pinakasikat na mitolohiya ang Griyego 2. Quasimodo (Libro)
- Pantheon/Panteon- isang templo ng 3. La Esmeralda (Bulaklak)
mga diyos, Pan > “Lahat” Theos > 4. Phoebus (Hangin)
“Diyos”
 Mitolohiyang Pilipino EL CID
- Binubuo ng mga diyos, mga hayop, mga  Awtor
mahihiwagang nilalang at mga diwata - Epiko ng Espanya
 Mitolohiyang Romano  Tauhan
- Romulus at Remus 1. Cid/Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar
- Kambal na Diyos ng Roma 2. Dona Jimenez
- Pinakakilala sa lahat ng mito 3. Count Garcia Ordonez
- Anak nina Martes, diyos ng digmaan at 4. Haring Alfonso VI
ang birheng si Rhea Silva 5. Infantes de Carreon
 Diyos at Diyosa 6. Hari ng Aragon
1. Zeus- Punong diyos, panginoon ng 7. Hari ng Navarre
langit
2. Hera- Asawa ni Zeus, diyosa ng langit
3. Phoebus- Diyos ng araw; dioy ng
liwanag, musika at propesiya
4. Poseidon- Dioys ng dagat
5. Hermes- Diyos ng komersyo; sugo ng
mga diyos
6. Haphaestus- Diyos ng apoy; panday ng
mga diyos
7. Ares- Diyos ng digmaan
8. Athena- Diyos ng karunungan
9. Artemis- Diyosa ng buwan at
pangangaso
10. Demeter- Diyos ng agrikultura at
pertilidad