Kelompok 3 presentasi inggris:

1.Anggi septian

2.Taufikur

3. ilham

4. Charles viktor

5. Wiwin

Anggi

Good afternoon everyone, nice to meet you guys this afternoon. Here we will discuss
about the industrial revolution.

how is the human journey side by side with technology and how is the development
of the industrial revolution?

will be forgotten as he forgot us?

definition of the industrial revolution

The industrial revolution is a major and fundamental change made by humans in the
management of human, natural, and production resources that have an impact on the
social, economic, cultural, and community structures.

(Taufik)

The Industrial Revolution was the period between 1750-1850 in which major changes
occurred in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology and
had a profound impact on social, economic and cultural conditions in the world. The
Industrial Revolution started in Great Britain and then spread throughout Western
Europe , North America , Japan , and finally to the rest of the world.
During the two centuries following the Industrial Revolution, the average per capita
income of the world's countries increased more than sixfold. As Nobel Prize winner
Robert Emerson Lucas put it: "For the first time in history, the standard of living of
ordinary people is experiencing sustained growth. This kind of economic behavior is
unprecedented".

The shift from an agriculture-based economy to a manufacturing-based economy led

to massive population movements from rural to urban areas, and in the end led to an
increase in the population of the UK's major cities.

The origin of the Industrial Revolution is unclear but TS Ashton wrote it around
1760-1830. There is no breaking point with the Second Industrial Revolution around
1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the
development of steam-powered ships , rail , and later in the century the development
of the internal combustion engine and the development of electric power generation.

The factors behind the Industrial Revolution, namely the knowledge revolution in the
16th century with the emergence of scientists such as Francis Bacon , Rene Decartes,
Galileo Galilei and the development of research and research with the establishment
of research institutions such as The Royal Improving Knowledge, The Royal Society
of England, and The French Academy of Science . There are also internal factors
such as domestic political resilience, the development of entrepreneurial activity,
which was colonized by Britain which was wide and rich in world resources.

The term "Industrial Revolution" was introduced by Friedrich Engels and Louis-
Auguste Blanqui in the mid-19th century. Some twentieth century historians such as
John Clapham and Nicholas Crafts have argued that the gradual process of economic
and social change and long-term revolution is ironic. Gross domestic income (GDP)
per capita of countries in the world increased after the Industrial Revolution and gave
rise to the modern capitalist economic system . The Industrial Revolution marked the
beginning of an era of per capita income growth and capitalist economic growth. The
Industrial Revolution is considered to be the most important event that has occurred
in the history of humanity since the domestication of animals and plants in the
Neolithic period.

(ilham)

Etymology

The origin of the use of the term "Industrial Revolution" is found in a letter by a
French envoy named Louis-Guillaume Otto on July 6, 1799, in which he wrote that
France had entered an era of industrialization. . [14] In a 1976 book entitled:
Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society , Raymond Williams stated that the
word is a term for the term "industry".

The Industrial Revolution is a major, rapid, and radical change that affects the life of
a human being, often called a revolution. The term revolution is usually used to refer
to changes in politics or government systems. However, the Industrial Revolution in
England was essentially a change in the method of making goods that were originally
done by hand (human power) and then replaced with machine power . Thus, goods
can be produced in large quantities in a relatively short time.

Causes of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution first appeared in England. The factors that cause it are as
follows:

- Stable political situation. There was the Supreme Revolution of 1688 which
required the king to swear allegiance to the Bill of Right until the king
submitted to the law and only withdrew taxes based on parliamentary union.
- England was rich in minerals, such as coal , iron ore , tin , and kaolin. In
addition, wool is also very supportive of the textile industry.
- There are new inventions in terms of technology that can simplify work
methods and increase production results, for example spinning machines,
weaving machines , steam machines , etc.
 - Britain's prosperity resulted from the advancement of shipping and trade so
that it could provide large capital for business. In addition, in England there
is also sufficient raw material because England has many colonized areas that
produce these raw materials.
- The government provides legal protection for new inventions (patents) so as
to encourage scientific research activities. Moreover, after the establishment
of the scientific institution of the Royal Society for Improving Natural
Knowledge, the development of technology and industry is increasingly
advanced.
- The great flow of urbanization as a result of the Agrarian Revolution in the
countryside prompted the British government to open up more industries to
accommodate them.

(Charles viktor)

Industrial Development Stage

In the late Middle Ages, European cities developed as centers of crafts and trade. The
townspeople (the bourgeoisie) who are free-spirited citizens are the backbone of the
city's economy. They compete independently for progress in the economy. The
growth of handicrafts into an industry goes through several stages, as follows.

- Domestic System

This stage can be referred to as the home industry stage . The workers work in their
homes with their own tools. In fact, crafts are obtained from entrepreneurs who, after
finishing the work, are deposited with them. Wages are earned based on the number
of objects/goods worked. With this method of work, employers who have businesses
only pay for labor on the basis of achievement or results. Employers are not bothered
about workplaces and salaries.

- Manufacture
After the industrial craft grew, a special place was needed to work so that the
employer could properly supervise the work method and the quality of its production.
A manufacture (factory) with dozens of workers is established and is usually located
in the back of the employer's house. The middle member's house is a place to live and
the front is a shop to sell their products. The relationship between the employer and
the worker (labor) is getting closer because the workplace is one and the number of
workers is still small. The goods that are created are sometimes still on order.

- Factory system

The factory system stage is already an industry that uses machines. The place is in the
industrial area that has been chosen, it can be inside or outside the city. The place is
for work, while the employer lives elsewhere. Likewise, shops where marketing of
industrial products is held elsewhere. The number of workers (labor) is in the tens,
even hundreds. Its products are created to be promoted.

Various kinds of inventions

The discovery of new technology plays a big role in the process of industrialization
because new technology can simplify and speed up industrial work, multiply results,
and save costs. Important discoveries, among others, are as follows.

- Fly coil (flying shuttle) created by John Kay (1733). With this tool the
spinning process can proceed quickly.
- The spinning jenny was invented by James Hargreves (1767) and Richard
Arkwright (1769). With this tool the results are multiplied.
- The loom (a refinement of the flying coil) invented by Edmund Cartwight
(1785). With this tool the results are multiplied.
- Cottongin , a device for separating cotton seeds from their fibers by Whitney
(1794). With this tool, the importance of clean cotton in large quantities can
be fulfilled.
 - Cylindrical stamp created by Thomas Bell (1785). With this tool, white cloth
can be painted with flower patterns 200 times faster than the block stamp
pattern with human power.
- The steam engine, invented by James Watt (1769). From this steam engine
can be created a variety of amazing large equipment, such as the locomotive
creation of Richard Trevethiek (1804) which was later refined by George
Stephenson into a passenger train. Warships driven by steam engines were
invented by Robert Fulton (1814). The steam engine is the content of the
Industrial Revolution so James Watt is often considered the Father of the
Industrial Revolution I'. Subsequent new discoveries, more complete and
perfect. This is the result of the Industrial Revolution II and III, such as cars,
airplanes, chemical industry and so on.

In addition, the Industrial Revolution is a period of development of knowledge and

technology that gives rise to new discoveries, such as the following:

- 1750: Abraham Darby used coal (cokes) to melt iron to get a more perfect
value of iron.
- 1802: Symington invented the Ferris wheel.
- 1807: Robert Fulton created a fireboat that had used propellers that could
propel ships. The ship was named Clermont who sailed the Atlantic Ocean for
the first time. This ship departs from Paris and docks in New York.
Furthermore, Robert Fulton succeeded in creating the first warship (1814)
which was driven by a steam engine.
- 1804 : Richard Trevethick invents the steamship .
- 1832: Samuel Morse invented the telegraph.
- 1872: Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone.
- 1887: Daimler invents the car.
- 1903: Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright invent the airplane
(wiwin)

Impact of the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution turned England into a developed and modern industrial
nation. In England emerged industrial centers, such as Lancashire , Manchester ,
Liverpool , and Birmingham . Like other revolutions, the Industrial Revolution also
had a wider impact on the economy, social and politics, both in England and in other
countries.

a. Impact on the economy

- Abundant items/goods and cheap prices

The Industrial Revolution has given rise to industrial enterprises and factories on a
large scale with the process of mechanization. Thus, in a short time can produce
goods in abundance. Product objects / goods become multiplied so that they can meet
the interests of the wider community. The impact of making objects / goods becomes
fast, easy, and in large quantities so that prices become cheaper.

- Small company out of business

With the use of machines, the production cost becomes relatively small so that the
price of goods is relatively cheaper. This resulted in the impact of traditional
companies being threatened and out of business because they were unable to
compete.

- Trade is growingThanks to modern, fast and inexpensive communication

- and international trade are growing rapidly.

Transportation is getting smoother

The existence of inventions in various transportation facilities and infrastructure is

increasingly perfect and smooth. Thus, the dynamics of community life is increasing.

b. Social impact
 - Growing urbanization

The development of industrialization has given rise to new cities and bustling centers.
Because the city with its industrial activity seems to promise a more decent life, many
rural farmers go to the city to find work. This has resulted in the neglect of
agricultural activities.

- Low labor wages

The impact of the increasing flow of urbanization to industrial cities is that the
number of workers is increasingly abundant. Meanwhile, many factories use engine
power. Thus, the wages of labor become cheap. In addition, social security is also
lacking so that their lives become difficult. In fact, many entrepreneurs prefer women
and children workers whose wages are getting cheaper.

- The emergence of groups of entrepreneurs and groups of workers

In industrialization activities, it is recognized that there are groups of workers (labor)

and groups of entrepreneurs (employers) who own industries or factories. Thus, in
society a new group emerges, namely a group of entrepreneurs (capitalists) who live
in luxury and a group of workers who live in poverty.

- There is a gap between employers and workers

With the emergence of a group of entrepreneurs who live in luxury on the one hand,
while on the other hand there is a group of workers who live in misery, creating a gap
between employers and workers. Conditions like this, often lead to tensions followed
by strikes to demand an improvement in their fate. This creates hatred for the
capitalist economic system, so that the workers are inclined to socialist
understanding.

- The emergence of the social revolution

In the 1820s there was riots caused by the poor city dwellers with the support of the
workers. This social movement demands an improvement in the fate of the people
and workers. As a result, the government passed laws that ensured the betterment of
the fate of the workers and the poor. These laws, among others, are as follows:

In 1832 the Reform Bill or the Electoral Reform Law was issued . According to this
law, the working class obtains the rights of representation in parliament.

In 1833 the Factory Act or Factory Law was issued . According to this law, workers
get social security. In addition, the law also includes a ban on the use of child labor
and women in underground fare areas.

In 1834 the Poor Law Act was issued . Therefore, shelters and treatment centers for
the poor were set up so that they would not roam.

The stronger the nature of individualism and the diminishing sense of solidarity. With
the Industrial Revolution, the nature of individuality is getting stronger because it is
influenced by the industrial economic system which is all about money. On the other
hand, the sense of solidarity and kinship is diminishing.

c. Political impact
- The emergence of the socialist movement

The workers who were treated unfairly by the businessmen began to build up forces
to improve their fate. They then formed an organization commonly called the socialist
movement. The socialist movement was motivated by the thoughts of Thomas Marus
who wrote the book Otopia. The most popular figure in socialist thought and
movement is Karl Marx with his book Das Kapital .

- The emergence of political parties

In an effort to fight for their fate, the workers continue to unite. Moreover, with the
strengthening of the position of the workers in parliament prompted the establishment
of a forum for political struggle, the Labor Party ( Labor Party ). This party is
socialist. On the part of the entrepreneur merged into the Liberal Party.

- The emergence of modern imperialism

Entrepreneurs/capitalists generally have a strong influence in the government to
implement imperialism for the sake of continuing industrialization. Thus, modern
imperialism was born, namely the expansion of regions as a place to market industrial
products, to look for raw materials, to invest in surplus capital, and to obtain cheap
labor. In this case, England is the pioneer.

Anggi

1. industrial revolution 1.0

marked the invention of the steam engine, so that work equipment that originally depended
on human and animal power was replaced by machines

2. industrial revolution 2.0

marked the discovery of electricity so that the creation of thousands of tanks, planes, and
other weapons in World War 2

3. industrial revolution 3.0

triggered by machines that can move and think automatically, namely computers and robots

4. industrial revolution 4.0

digitalization of technology through the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and big data
analysis

Conclusion

The industrial revolution is a rapid change in the economic field, namely from an
agrarian economic activity to an industrial economy that uses machines to process
raw materials into ready-to-use materials. Introduced by Friedrich Engels and Louis-
Auguste Blanco in the mid-19th century. The form of the revolution was the
invention of the cotton spinning machine, the water frame, the steam-powered
weaving machine, the steam engine, the train and the flying coil. The impact of
industry is the emergence of industry on a large scale, humans can produce goods,
prices for goods are cheaper, urbanization to industrial cities, the development of
modern capitalism, and urging the government to implement imperialism.
moral message
After going through a long period of revolution to the present, let's take advantage of
technological developments for future survival

closing
We have come to the end of the presentation. During the presentation, we discussed the
historical importance of the industrial revolution that has had an impact on today,

less and more we apologize, see you next time and thank you