AMK30103

Structural Design 1

Civil Engineering Technology Program

Lecture 1-4
Introduction to Reinforced Concrete Design
- Actions-

Actions

• An action is a direct force (load) applied to a structure or an imposed

deformation, such as settlement or temperature effects. The latter is
referred to as an indirect action.
• Permanent Actions
• Variable Actions
• Accidental actions are caused by unintended events which generally are
of short duration and which have a very low probability of occurrence.
Classification of actions
Load combinations and patterns
for the ultimate limit state
• Various combinations of the characteristic values of permanent
Gk, variable actions Qk, wind actions Wk, and their partial
factors of safety must be considered for the loading of the
structure.
• Commonly used
• Permanent and variable actions
• 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk
• Permanent and wind actions
• 1.35Gk + 1.5Wk