Final Exam

Compressible Fluid Flows

120 Minutes 50 Marks

1. Consider a convergent divergent nozzle with an area ratio 3. Solve the nozzle flow field for
the following nozzle pressure ratio conditions. Consider the stagnation temperature at inlet
to be 300 K for all the cases.
(a) The nozzle operated with an inlet stagnation pressure of 20 bar and the nozzle jet
exhausted to 1 bar atmospheric condition. Solve the flow field for one shock cell (static
(20 Marks)
pressure, static temperature, Mach number, wave angles and deflection angles at
various states corresponding to first expansion fan reflection and first shock reflection
states). Draw the schematic of the flow field showing the various wave structures along
with the jet deflection and wave angles with in the first shock cell. Draw the schematic
of the shock polar solution of the first shock reflection for this case. Explain the transition
criteria from Regular Reflection to Mach reflection using shock polar solutions.

2. Consider an internal flow through a convergent nozzle which is connected with a straight
duct. The flow through the convergent nozzle can be assumed to be isentropic and the
constant area duct is well insulated. Air at stagnation pressure of 2.7 MPa and stagnation
temperature 460 K enters the nozzle. The straight duct is 0.025 m in diameter and 0.6 m (12 Marks)
long. If the average friction factor of the straight duct is f=0.005, determine the maximum
air flow rate through the duct. Find the maximum mass flow rate if the straight duct is absent
and the flow happens only through the nozzle. What is the maximum back pressure to
choking to occur for both the cases?

3. A 30 cm diameter duct as shown in below figure has a friction factor of 0.005 with no heat
transfer taking place from section 1 to 2. From the section 2 to 3 there is negligible friction.
Sufficient heat is added in the section 2 to 3 to just choke the flow at the exit. The fluid is (10 Marks)
air. (a) Determine the Mach number and stagnation conditions at section 2. (b) Determine
the static and stagnation conditions at section 3. (c) How much heat was added to the flow.
(d)Draw a T-S diagram for the system, showing the complete Fanno and Rayleigh lines
involved.
1 2 3

M1=3
T01=300 K f=0.005
P01=10 bar

3m q
4. Air (γ = 1.4) enters a converging-diverging diffuser with a Mach number of 2.8, static
(8 Marks)
pressure pi of 100 kPa, and a static temperature of 20°C. For the flow situation shown in
below Figure, find the exit velocity, exit static pressure, and exit stagnation pressure.