SECOND MATES & NCV

Complete Handout

Volume 3 of 3

CARGO
 Airpipes
 BLU – Code
 Bulk Grain Cargos – IGC
 CAP & CAS - Activities & Survey
 CAP & CAS – Difference
 Cargo Securing Manual
 Cargo Work
 Coal
 Code of Safe Practice
 Container Lashing System
 Containerised Cargo
 Containerised Cargo
 Cooling of Parcel
 COW
o Check List
o Definition - By Capt. Jal Contractor
o Consized Notes
 Deck Cargoes
 Dock Workers Regulation
 -
-

 Dry Cargo
 Gas COF
 Gas Reliquefaction.......... both
 Grain Code
 Heavy Lift Precautions
 Hydrocarbon Gas - Percentage by Volume
 IMDG Amendment 34
 IMDG Code
 IMSBC CODE
 IMSBC Code - MMD Questions
 International Labour Organisation (ILO)
 Numerical - Basic Concepts
 Numericals Solved (using ASTM Table) – By Jasjeev
 Preparations and Precautions for Loading (Grain Code)
 Preparations for a cargo ship safety
 Propeller
 Pumping System
 Pumps
 Referigerated Cargo
 Referigeration
 Roll on Roll Off Ships
 Roll on Roll off Ships
 Scuppers, Air and Sounding Pipes
 Ship Squat in open waters
 Steel Cargo
 Stowage and Segregation
 Sulphur
 Tanker Calculations
 Timber –
 -
-

o Carriage
o Code
o Deck Cargo
o HOG Lashings
o Under Deck stowage
 What is a chain register
COF And Gas Codes

By
Capt. Jal T Contractor
 Purpose of the code
• The purpose of this code is to provide an
international standard for the safe carriage by
sea in bulk of liquefied gases and certain
other substances listed in chapter 19 of the
IGC, by prescribing the design and contruction
standards of the ship involved in carriage and
the equipment they should carry so as to
minimise the risk to the ship, to it’s crew and
the environment, having regard to the nature
of the products involved.
 Three Gas Codes
• To examine the design of these ships in
greater detail, readers should consult the Gas
Codes and the rules of the major ship
classification societies which give guidance on
the requirements of the Gas Codes.
• The Gas Codes, developed by IMO, apply to all
gas carriers regardless of size. There are three
Gas Codes and these are described below.
 IGC
• a) GAS CARRIERS BUILT AFTER JUNE 1986 (THE
IGC CODE)
• The Code, which applies to new gas carriers (built
after June 1986) is the “International Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships carrying
Liquefied Gases in Bulk” known as the IGC code.
• At a meeting of the MSC in 1983 approving the
second set of amendments to SOLAS the
requirements of the IGC Code become
mandatory with almost immediate effect.
• As proof that a ship complies with the Code, an
International Certificate of Fitness for the
Carriage of Liquefied Gases in Bulk should be on
board.
• In 1993, the IGC Code was amended and the new
rules came into effect on 1st July 1994. Ships on
which construction started on or after 1st
October 1994 should apply the amended version
of the Code but ships built earlier may comply
with previous editions of the IGC Code.
 GC Code
• b) GAS CARRIERS BUILT BETWEEN 1976 AND 1986
(THE GC CODE)
• The regulations covering gas carriers built after
1976 but before 1st July 1986 is the “Code for the
Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying
Liquefied Gases in Bulk” known as the Gas Carrier
Code or GC Code and adopted under Assembly
resolution A328 (IX). Since 1975 the MSC has
approved four sets of amendments to the GC
Code, the latest in June 1993.
 GC Code
• It should be noted that all amendments are
not necessarily agreed by every government.
Although this Code is not mandatory, many
countries have implemented it into national
law. Accordingly, most charterers will expect
such ships to meet with Code standards and,
as proof of this, to have on board a Certificate
of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases
in Bulk.
 EGC Code
• c) GAS CARRIERS BUILT BEFORE 1977 (THE
EXISTING SHIP CODE) The regulations covering
gas carriers built before 1977 are contained in
the “Code for Existing Ships Carrying Liquefied
Gases in Bulk” first advertised under Assembly
Resolution A 329 (IX). Its content is similar to
the IGC code, though less extensive.
• The Existing Ship Code was completed in 1976
after the GC Code had been written. It
therefore summarises current shipbuilding
practice at that time. It remains as an IMO
recommendation for all gas carriers in this
older fleet of ships. The Code is not
mandatory but is applied by some countries
for ship registration and in other countries as
a necessary fulfilment prior to port entry.
• Accordingly, many ships of this age are
required by charterers to meet with Code
standards and to have on board a Certificate
of Fitness for the Carriage of Liquefied Gases
in Bulk.
 COF
• A certificate issued by a flag administration
confirming that the structure, equipment,
fittings, arrangements and materials used in
the construction of a gas carrier are in
compliance with the relevant Gas Code. Such
certification may be issued on behalf of the
administration by an approved classification
society
 COF
• The type of gas carrier is specified in the
vessels IMO Certificate of Fitness. On the
certificate, there is also a product list of which
products the vessel can carry. The type
description of the gas carrier is given by the
year when the keel was laid and the cargo
tanks distance from ship side, damage
stability, floating capability and of what
material the cargo tank is made.
 COF
• Surveys required to maintain the validity of the
Certificate of Fitness are listed below:—
• An Initial Survey before the ship is put into service
• A Periodical Survey before the end of a period not
exceeding five years (a new Certificate of Fitness is
issued)
• An Intermediate Survey half way between each
Periodical Survey
• An Annual Survey
• An Additional Survey after serious accident or
important renewals
• IGC
 By Capt. Jal T Contractor

Lesson Plan

Main Elements. = Define Critical Temperture and Critical Pressure. Properties of Liquified Gases. Reliqufiction
Cycles = Direct, Indirect and Cascade. ………….Teaching Method = Lectures ……………Ref Book = Sigtto

Teaching Aid = LCD + White Board + Short Video

Guidelines = Notes

Time = 30 Minutes

On completion of Atm. Boiling Critical Temp. Critical Pressure Liquid Relative Vapo Relati Densi
this module, Point (°C) (1) (°C) (1) (Kpa,Abs) (1) Density (Air= (1)
candidates will be 15°C/15°C (1)
able describe and
sketch different
types of reliqufiction
systems. Molecular
Mass (G/Mole) (1)

Methane 16.043 - 161.52 - 82.60 4604 (0.3) 0.5

Ethane 30.070 - 88.58 32.28 4880 0.3581 1.0
Propane 44.097 - 42.07 96.67 4249 0.5083 1.5
n-Butane 58.124 - 0.49 152.01 3797 0.5847 2.0
i-Butane 58.124 - 11.81 134.98 3648 0.5637 2.0
Ethene 28.054 - 103.77 9.20
5041 n.p.
Propene 42.081 - 47.72 0.9
91.70
4600 0.5231
1-Butene 56.108 - 6.23 1.4
146.38
cis-2-Butene 4023 0.6019
56.108 3.72 1.9
162.43
trans-2-Butene 4220 0.6277
56.108 0.88 1.9
155.48
1,3-Butadiene 4047 0.6105
54.092 - 4.41 1.9
152
1,2-Butadiene 4330 0.6280
54.092 10.85 1.8
(171)
Isoprene (4502) 0.6576
68.119 34.07 1.8
(211)
Vinylchloride (3) (3850) 0.6866
62.50 -13.4 2.3
156.6
Ammonia 5600 0.90
17.031 - 33.33 2
132.5
11280 0.6183 0.5
pressure required to compress it to a liquid state at its critical temperature.

• Critical Pressure The least applied pressure required at the critical temperature to liquefy a gas.

• Therefore A substance cannot exist as a fluid above the Critical Temperature

• The pressure of saturated vapor at critical temperature is the Critical Pressure

Methane CT -82.5 CP 44.7 Bars Absolute

Ethane CT 32.1 CP 48.9

N Butane CT 153 CP 38.1

Propane CT 96.8 CP 42.6

Ethylene CT 09.9 CP 50.5

Indirect cycles
Indirect cycle is descriptive of a system where an external refrigeration plant is
employed to condense the cargo vapour without it being compressed. This cycle is
relatively uncommon as its use is limited to a small numbers of cargoes. It requires, for
efficiency, a very cold refrigerant and large surfaces for heat exchange.
This type of reliquefaction plant is, however, required by the Gas Codes when carrying
any of the following cargoes
• Chlorine
• Ethylene oxide
• Ethylene oxide — propylene oxide mix
• Propylene oxide

Expansion Valve :-The high-pressure liquid refrigerant entering the expansion valve is quite warm.
This may be verified by feeling the liquid line at its connection to the expansion valve. The liquid
refrigerant leaving the expansion valve is quite cold. The orifice within the valve does not remove
heat, but only reduces pressure. Heat molecules contained in the liquid refrigerant are thus allowed
to spread as the refrigerant moves out of the orifice. Under a greatly reduced pressure the liquid
refrigerant is at its coldest as it leaves the expansion valve and enters the tank as a condesate.
 The refrigerant enters the inlet and screen as a high-pressure
liquid. The refrigerant flow is restricted by a metered orifice through which it must pass.

As the refrigerant passes through this orifice, it changes from a high-pressure liquid to a low-
pressure liquid (or passes from the high side to the low side of the system).

Direct cycle is descriptive of a system where the boil-off is compressed, condensed

and returned to the tank. This is the most common system, but may not be employed
for certain gases (see IGC Code, Chapter 17 and 4.5.1 above).

Single-stage direct cycle

The single-stage direct cycle system is particularly suited to the semi-pressurised & Fully Refer LPG
carrier.
A simplified diagram of single-compression reliquefaction is shown in Figures 4.11 (a)
and (b). This cycle is suitable where suction pressures are relatively high, as in the
carriage of semi-pressurised products. Boil-off vapours from the cargo tank are drawn
off by the compressor — (a) in the diagrams. Compression increases the pressure and
temperature of the vapour — to (b) in the diagrams. The high temperature allows it to
be condensed against sea water in the condenser — at (c) in the diagrams. The
condensed liquid is then flashed back to the tank via a float controlled expansion valve
— at (d) in the diagrams. The liquid/vapour mixture being returned the cargo tank may
be either distributed by a spray rail at the top of the cargo tank or taken to the bottom
of the tank to discourage re-vaporisation. The spray rail is normally used when the
tank is empty and bottom discharge when the tank is full (see also 2.19 and
Figure 2.16).

A404, R403 (Domestic Refer)

R22 Boiling Point -40 c

CT + 96.11

CP 49 Bars
 m^.oTpurch'ase0^502'6 oftest and thorou8h examination ofdemcks used

Form No. 3- Certificate oftest and thorough, examination of loose gear- @ @@ @@@@:

Form No. 4 - Certificate oftest and.thorough examination of wire rope.

Definitions @ . .
(a) The term "competent authority" means a minister, government department or other

. authority empowered to issue regulations, orders or other instructions having the force

(b) The term "competent person" means a person possessing the knowledge and

experience required for the performance of thorough examinations and tests oflifiin"
appliances and loose gear and who is acceptable to the competent authority
c) rhe term "responsible person" means a person appointed by the master of the ship or
the owner of the gear to be responsible for the performance of inspections and has
sufficient knowledge-arid experience to undertake such inspections. @ @.
(d) The term "thoroAgh examination" means a detailed visual exarfmation by a
competent person, supplem-enfed if necessary by other suitable meatsssffiteasures in
o'rSgS^ammff16000^^^

fo^dS'^^r"^^^"^ mspectiou ^^W ^P@nsible person

to decidedI whether, so. far as can be ascertained in sucraaimer^the loose gear or

sling is safe for continued use.' J^ "Y -
u@nS "^SW"311'-6"<@ all stationlx^mo^ cargo-handling appliances

@ onenoS ^^^^e'^^^^gVsormo^ @. .

one position to another while suspended or;&upported:'.'

PARTI . @@ :

- Thorough c.x;iminalion oniJ-ling iippiinnccs ;nul lons-i; "^ir

n '^'T ;l"11 ^"P110"0"111"^ @Wli""ces nnj ]ou,c^,. ^.i>h dislin.uN-,,... -." ^

01 ""^'^"y) wtuchhave been Ihoroughly examined (seeNotel)
{/@) Lerlrticate Nos. ;@@ '@; '.^.;'...'@'
(3) Examination performed (see Note 2) @
^e^^^^^^

^^S^^^ TOammed !md no defects ^^S its safe working condition .

^ Ron," i ^ ^T ^se shown m colunm (5) (Date and "enature) @
. (5) Remarks (To be dated and signed)

sTffic!^?^ ^"^P11311063 are &@^8hly examined on the same date it will be @;'
sufficient to entenn column (1) "All lifting appliances and loose gear". If not the : @.
p^^chhavebeenthorougUyexammedonthedatesstatedmSstbecie^^^^^^^^^^^ .,

SKia"16 thoro"gh examinatioas to be md^ in column (3) include: : : , . .

(b) 12 monthly @, . . ; .:
. (c) Five yearly ' @ @ .
. (d).Rerair/damage . . '. .. .... ..
.(e) Other thorough examinations including those associated with heat treatment; @ . .";
PART II ~ Re8ular ^Pections of loose gear

STtl^^S^^"8"^^"-^
^^^^S'''""^"''"'^^1"
SK^SSSS's"^'""""^

@@@ -.., @:.

ov
 Procedure for testing derricks and cranes

@''s^^^^a^^^@^^^^^^
@ teltIoS^Sl?' h ' T?0"211?11^-"1?""0"^ i" thWcS^ Tire' '
Z b^^^dby TT16 we)ghls- ' ^""B !he test- "^ ^@^
^^^^nh the test load suspend ,s, far ,s practicable in b;,,h

'ISS-^SK ^y^^ ^ ^ 'o"d -.Pen^d

. horizonY^ the 1 raLS to lts max)nlum workin8 allt;le 10 lhe

^tionsinaddiUontothetSSne^^ to the two @@rn..

5^^^^^^^ ^ . .@ @@

^^^^^^^^^^^

wi&.atest@jQadaPPr^t?@SS%d;@^ :

"^aTi^.^S^S^ ^ movable weiohis

"1 ^. arc of rotation as the coS9 e s points as wejl as ^^ ^n

con,.,st of hoisti^. lowerinJ S1"T"011 TOay decide- The tes3
orations nonnaily perfo^d^ ^ 3^ ^ ^ Potions ^

Additional, the -machinery shaHh"" wltc2es ajld c"t-orf w^ be tested

. ^^"^Peed with the SW?:sS^ by OPerating it ^ -x,S ,

@ ^^Xts^^'-......r.,'^:;.,:,,.. @.
^^asti^^^^s^^^ ^

sS^sassss^^^