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Are We Alone in The Universe?: Cosa Cerchi?
Are We Alone in The Universe?: Cosa Cerchi?
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Exoplanets
Today we seem to be on the verge of confirming Churchill’s hypothesis. The first step has been to
find ‘exoplanets’, planets outside the solar system. The first confirmed exoplanet was found in
1992. Since then, thanks to powerful new telescopes, more than 3000 exoplanets have been
discovered. It is too early to say if there is life on any of them. Surely, not all of them can harbour
life, or at least life as we know it. As Churchill wrote, quite correctly, life can exist “between a few
degrees of frost and the boiling point of water.” Some exoplanets are too hot, while others are too
cold. An exoplanet needs to orbit in the so-called ‘Goldilocks zone’, a habitable zone around a star
where the conditions are just right for life to exist. Scientists now estimate that our galaxy, the Milky
Way, might contain between 11 and 40 billion habitable Earth-sized planets. Quite a change from
when they thought planets were extremely rare!
Trappist-1
One of the most exciting discoveries was announced on 22nd February. “New record!” tweeted
Nasa. “We’ve found 7 Earth-sized planets around a single star outside our solar system; 3 in
habitable zone.” The star is called Trappist-1, and it is 39 light-years away. Although only three of
its planets are in the Goldilocks zone, all seven could be habitable if they have the right atmospheric
conditions. This means that all seven could harbour life. In the coming months, the Trappist-1 star
system will be studied in greater detail using space telescopes. These high-tech instruments will
study the planets’ atmospheres and find out what chemicals they contain. Astronomer Michael
Gillon, the leader of the international team that discovered the seven planets, says that if certain
chemicals are found in the right proportions, then it “would tell us that there is life with 99%
confidence.” The time for speculations seems to be over. The discovery of life in the universe is
probably just around the corner.
Useful links
4) Read about the 7 Earth-sized planets orbiting Trappist-1 and get a free poster!
https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1419/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-
habitable-zone-planets-around-single-star/
COMPREHENSION
1) Read the article and complete the sentences with the right alternative.
a. 1938.
b. 1940.
c. 1945.
a. fiction.
b. non-fiction.
c. newspaper articles.
3. Winston Churchill
7. An exoplanet is a planet
VOCABULARY
2) Complete the sentences with the following words. Put the verbs and nouns in the
right form, if necessary.
1. You can’t say that this house is ______ (habitable): it has no roof!
4. She has complete ______ (mastery) of English, but she knows very little French.
8. Many historians ______ (exalt) Churchill, claiming he was the best British political figure.
9. Scientists ______ (estimate) that only a very small percentage of exoplanets is habitable.
10. H.G. Wells was an ______ (influential) writer: he is considered the father of science fiction.
3. Churchill was Prime Minister for the second time in/from 1951 to/by 1955.
5. “The War of the Worlds” radio drama aired in/on Halloween: it aired at/from 8 pm on/in 31st
October 1938.
6. The discovery of the 7 planets was made public on/at Wednesday, 22nd February.
7. “We will discover life in the universe by/since the end of the decade,” said the scientist.
SHORT ESSAY
4) How would you answer the question: “are we alone in the universe?” Give reasons for
your answer. (60-80 words)
5) What if scientists discover life on another planet? What if they discover another
advanced civilization? What do you think the reaction and consequences would be on
planet Earth? (60-80 words)
(Carlo Dellonte)
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