ASSIGNMENT

C.R VARSHA

1 MSc Biochemistry
2013332052015
ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAT N-

hon T a n s port Clain is 1e eiuad stage

fiual staq
btomolecules tat ou

aarobie
oxidoatton of

n mitohondio.
wkuch occuTS iD
pTocaS8
dependent p r
Tt is an O
membrane

chondria
m1to for te co
c o ull
lu oaas
s
innea te
ueeded for
fte enegy
ETe, ATP.
TWroug forrm o
eDeasad
in t e
achvites
is
le. Exesqouic p r o s S
wuh
uain is
coss
prrocos3
Tue pro by wuch
by
ransporrt
2lection
CNADH FAD tHz)
e Reduced coenym

formedd rom
a i d ccle
tee citric
Aexobie
oxidahion of pueuvate by
) amiuo atids
aids and
Bxidotion of fothy
i) (s fomed
d e n t is
Radent
a
formn
aud O Proton
Poton
oxidised
Are
u used totrasport
released

TEus Owidarion eueqt je prrotons

adient-
cseatiuuq
a proton
Profons
u t e a m e m b a u e
Spoce
mostri to
rom
ae pumped
membrane ,
o l i l is
mitoondrial

acaos
Innea
procoas ,
Cled
make ATP iu a

used to
CHEMLOSMOSTS
 aud Phospluo-eyla.tion is coupled
Coupled
Ttus Oxidahon
enouoo as Oxidative Phosphov
In a P-rocegs
-otto0
TRANSPORT
LoCALT
2ATION
w
DE ELECT RON

CHPLN
eloin is a

drial elecion thvauepot

mito chon
The a
seaies o
electroo

wRere

Complucoted
system ,
tuner
membaue

füe
n
rauged
CasseAs aue iueseasiug

the
ordet o
in
eeclons
m i t o c h o n d - r l a

elecltons

the tte
OF trausfer
affiuty.
They
e l e c l r o n
o OxHen
reduced
Co-emH°
Co-emymes

deuved
rom

To Eukasyotes tehe2
are fouud iu
modeeles

Copes of fteze

innea
Non mitoondria me
m em
mbbrrale

TnPero kaayotes!-
ane
ain CormpouenR
electron torausporct
Te
pasma membnraue .

foud iu t e
 outermembmame
Lnkearnermbrauee
S p a c e

Lnnesmemoraue
TV
MATCX

Fo

Localisaion f Electon rameport ha

Oxidoreductase
NADH : oa
Complex -T

Sucauate ! Co Exidoreduease
*Complex

Oedoreduease
Ubiauiuone toclunrome -c
*Complex -tl

xidase
Comple 1V-toturo me

ATP Sftase
plex-y
 CHPIN -
OF ELECTRON 1RANSPoRT
COMPONENTS
ase
tte ETC in eukayotes
The CompOnenig of
membrale aud ae
mitoeond-ria
tnne
Rocatad in t e
Complexes. T
iutb fou asga protein
Orgauuzed a
a ud p-oosfeHc
Severoal prreteins
consies df
Compexes

aDupE

P o u yP E P T C D E S P R o S T H E T I C
COMPLEX
CoMPLEX
NAME GROUPS
No

Arround FMN
Complex- NADH Deluydroge
- nase Fe-s CnTres

Complex-Suctiuate 2 Fe-S FAD,fe-s

Centre&
Deluya qenase Pvoteins

Complex- CHrocrome be 2 Cytucduomes band e kape

Hemes
ucomplex Fe-S prolelo CCyt bu by)
6-8 otter O

O prroteins

d Ctc
Fe-g Cutres

a ape Hemes8
Cormplex- tocuuomne Anmouud
oxidase 13 Cta,as)
2 u

[CuAGuB
 MoBICE E ELECTRON CARRTERS

1) UBrUTNONE

Atso ccled as Co-en2yme -O

louw moleudas useigeut
Couble
Amembrau) e
e

Compund aucloed
iu t e
Ta keaps Q
Hudmopobie
*Long o n d m i ines
mufoondmia membraue

ufun
mele.cule that dfuses
is a ipid subla elechrons Prom
sutttes
ud
tue ipid bilayar, to Ccoommpp
lelx
e-x
I-t.
fher)
aud poss
poss

aud
Complex es
-

T
complex
Not a pas o an
CH3
cet2-CH =è-ct] H

CHe/
gHC-o
O
dbiquuuone (G

e tH
oH

3HC-O-
8He-o
OH
et tH DH
-o- OH

UbigemquunOue
Ubiquiucl
(Gu) (GH)
Ceceeradicol)
1) CyTocHeOME -C

memb r a u e
protein asocmated
pesipieroa
me
m em
mbbnrro
auue T a u s pors
oue face o t e
tüe
oife f e

electron from t to IV

contaiutugprroteins
Heme-
Cato c r o m e s
aue

ossiulale
beuseen fe2t to Fe
Confains Fe, w l u c

Not a p a o Compes
i
curo m e s
CHro curro r
o
Groups f
Prros t e t i e
otockromes
iu c-type
prosehe qroup
Heme -c is

s-
CH-CH

Cys-
HC-CH CH3

CH-CH,-Coo
Cx
CtCHCoo

Heme-C

Heme -A is &e prostehe Roup In

a-
tHpe
also
Besides Heme (Fe atro) it
Cytoclrromas
uwluciu uncdag o e s oxidaton
Consists of Cut (Coppex atom)
-reduehon reacHons
 CHECH
CH3

OH
CH3

N-Fe
CH-CH-Coo

CHo- C H - C o 0

CHo

oHeme- A

ofouumex&)
Ctu a -Hpe

CH=CHt2

He=CH

N-fe-N
CH2-CHa-coo
CHe N

CH-CHCoO

r o n prrelo powpaiu - Ix

Utlocvormes)
in - ype
 OTaER ELECTeON CARRLERS TN ELECTRON

TRPNSPOPT CHATN

NUCLEOTTDES
'
PyeTDT DE
and NADPT
-
T ueludes NAD
removes
uydr
oxidaion, f
en Biologital
atormg rom gubgrate.

tEern is augfered as H-Hydrride ion

One of
Sne
Qas
&as 2reduciug
to NAD e Hydride jon

euivalents.
elecron
One is fransfered t o i g itroqan as
nicotinamnide
ee
ettes Hydroqen
atom to Cy o
ti)
H

-CO-Nd2
AM2

spebetorA
Deludroqeud R
-cO-NH
A+Ht A orm

Deudngaeuase
Spec ic
AH Por B eo-NH2

B-forom
 NAD also colecrs reduciug eauivaleuts from NADPH
as &ouon below-

NADPH+Ht PRidiue nueleotide

NADP NADH

Tvans delydrogauase

atom frrom Substrate ale

Tus, , tle ydrogen
molecula foxm, NADH
clected in on

FLAVOPROTELNS
aud FAD a
FMN
Tt ucudes Coen2mes,

tie porostehe q u p

T remoyes 2 drogan atorm rom e Subsrate

olut ase as olows.

N O
3He

AH2
FMN PAD C2e24* FMNH IFADH2

R = Ct2-CHOH)CH2- -(P)
(FMN)
Ct2O--P)-Aden osiue
R Ct- CcHoH)
CFAD)
 RON SuLPHOR CoMPLEXES

so called as non-herme -
inon proteins
Tuey ase

aLe
complex-eg
* ree priucipal iron-sulPur
Oue
Cnown.

Fe Cys y D e-s type

Co-Ordiuated
fe atom is tetraledvall
Siugle
esidues
to ys teiue
Sulfideg
Tueie is uo u o g a u i e d

pr- s CYs

-- P
O* Fe-S ypet
Fe sy

iron autums
and 2 iuowgaule
- 2
is Ccntaius
residues
addation to Custeiue
sulRdes iu
 Fe S type
d-sko
P-Cye
-
Por-ys -yr-Cys- P
P
co) FeyS Cy
iuorqauie Sulides 4
Contaiusi- y fe atomg
4Csteiue residues

form of Cube
T t is in t&e
-r-
P- (1

-
L
RERCTIONS F ELECTRON TRANSPOPT CHBEN

)ELECTeON TRANSFER TN COUPLEX-1t-

Complex I NADH to Ubiauiuoue

ubquiuone oxido
Complex -T, also taled NADH:
- veduetase

Or NODH
delyd soquase

Cwd proteins
ftavoprroteiu, FMN
Complex -T, iu cludes
a

ceutess iron gulfur clusteAs)

tut& Fe-S
Okidaion
provide tuoo ceutes for
Ttese proteius
eddueHon reachons

NADH fo Coen e
electrous rem
Inonsexs
protein
via FMN a u d
iron -sulfur
procoBS \
two
Complar- T caayaes to
ydride iou
forasfa of
2x eaoue
i Te NADH aud a
protonrom

-Coeuzyul
rom

molTix

our pretons frOto maix

Endegouie tramatex
of
i)
outesmembrame Space
purmp,driven
a proon
IS Teefore
Complex -T trauee
e e c o n

he 2ueq o
by
trausfexred
pei 2erasfeAred
traudocaled pei 2e
Abou uH
 ELECTRON TRANSFER TN cOPLEy -U:-

Suceiuate to Ub1quiuone
Cormplex -D
oridoreductase
Suceiuate - ubiqutuone
knouwn as
ARso deydoroqease
&uceiuate
9Oue as
aud

Compouent.ob TCA c l e .
Sucauate fo Co
torausfes from
Directs
electron recduchion of to
fo
&e
reduchon
of
Via FADH2 aud cataly2es

Cautres fo oxidafton
tuoo
provides
Complex-
- reduckion reachions

FAD FADH 2

Fe3t Fe2
NOT Contri bute
to proto o gradlent
profon grodient
does
Complex -I Sueciuae
elechron frrom
but Supplies

MErocHONDeTALEHYDeOGENASES

SUeSTRATES
FoR
OTHER CHATN AT
AT
THE PESPIRAToRy
INTO
PRSS ELECTRoNg

LEvEL UF 0BtaUTNON
THE

Aag Co debydrroganase:-

tie Subsfrafes
Substrates
elecfrong frrom Ae
Tnvelves trauster of
deluydrcqauase,
füen to electron
tte
to e FAD o
w u c in turn posses is
protein,
tranefearriug Ravo
 eleetmons fo ETF:ubiauinone bxido reductase
electrons tufo ie respirafor
fte

Tue en2ume twaucfeas

reduciug ubiaunone.
cluain by

Tnteanembrane
Guycexs GuyCexe 3ptosplae
3phisplate
Spoce Ccytuselic) delydr
FAD
ifiRR
FMN
S

FAD
CCAD)
NPDH NAD

ETe:Q
SuecinaR oxidoreducdiase
ETF
MATRI EAD

Act CoP
FAD
deluydhoneuase

Faty ac CoB

Gycexo)-3 plospiae lalydrogeuase

is a fRoauopetein
face o t e tunea mitocone-via
tte outea
-

Ocated on

memoone,
clanueXs electens tuo espiralot

claiu by sedueiua Ubiquiuoue

Tmpo-rtaut role tSutHes redueiug equivaleuts
rom etoseic NPDH
iuto mati
 TRPNSFER TN COMPLEx-
CONPLEX- (U ELECTR.ON

CyTocRONME-C
UBTaUTNoL
fo
CouPLEX-1

: CoCAome-c
as
Ubquunoue
kuoon
Complex-
also eleckmone fonm
rausfer o
Oxido e c d u c a s e
couples f e vetowial

it the
toclrome- e
(QHa) to
ublauiud tuteamem brrau braue
Matrix to (urezmem
Pmrofons rom
re m

trauspovt
of

Spade
mulhistep prodegs
to Ua ina
se UaH2 is oxidised
as given belouo
via
ytocvome-
electmon is trausportd to is
ne gecoud
electron
aud
Kieske-Fe-8
preteiu c t -C

tvofened fo Cyt-b
-CycE

ntearnembrame
Space yte
UQH
UQH2

Complex-T
o
omplex-T

UH
MATRIX
 -cyeLE
TUe mnerlauism for fte coupiug of elafrron rau

rom o uutoamome -C to trasmembrOe prre fon

trasport is Knouwn as G-cyce

küe swthel from 2 alectron
& - y e l e fauutates
electrron eaeies -Cyfodhrrome
Cubiquiuol) to
oue -C?
Caarries
(GHa) biuds iu Qosite.
ubiaituol
Hcle beaius
as
*Tue
Hune
electron e a a

aud traustes te
euste,
Aous to Rieske 2 fe-28
One eledion fies to a moletule op
aud Hua
e n to t o rome
ci

t luto its reducd

Convatiua
Oxidi2ed cytoclroma e,

fonem to
is tiraustesud to C t b t e n
SeLod lectron ubiquiuoua
oxidised
oxidiaed ubiquiuoue
fiually to
to a
aud
Ctorome bu
awd is
reducoctoSemiqui uone auion
bowd iu Qisite UaH
aRe
i t s prrotons
QHz is oxidiced fo Q orrau
orroue
Wben gtde
d e
fe
ooF F e meu
Teleosad to etosole
Areediffuse out lutoto
Gosite is
m o d e c l e iu
Tis UQH resides
resides ulu Qi site
site
aud UQH
pool.
He ubtauuoue and
biuds to Qosite
wolecule of QH
AA second ts eledion is tauslassed
One of
Tenchs eiulas

-C, to reduce
coutes aud ctocrome
Rieske
tkou the
a Cecond moleule t odlome-c Ue o e eleeron

aud bu toUaH bouud u

goes aoug eytoclurome bL
te i sif
semiquiuone
elediron, fais
B o f&ue addton of sesoud e
porefons rom
akes up to 2
auion UQH
radicol

to fom QH2
matrix eide Tue matix
2 protons rom
tese
Temova ot
Tue qRadient.
proton
formahon
Contbutes to tie
uolecules e QH
2
eycle ,

%Tus a t e eud of
molecules of & oud o u e
tuoo
oxidlsed to foem
ae
molecules o
educed to QH2 , 2
wolecule o ig
ase eleased
reduced, 4 protons
ae
CyTouome -e ae removad
2 profong
gide aud
ykopBasmie
on fde
mathrix.
mathrix
mitocuondrial

from f e
18 accompaued by RAe
xidation of oue & Ha
mermbane
merobrane
e mitoduondrial
of 4H
acuoss

traue slocalon

two
two from
from QH2
QH
fe mabrix,
Tuwo Ht aie f-rom
 ELECTRON RANsFER IN CONPLEx - V

Complex - IV also coled as Cutourome oxidase

to moeculaa
cakries electron Prom ytoirome -c

sedueiug it fo H20
ORHgen,
fwo ytouromes a
Oxidase confains
c
C a t o urome
-

ond a3
aud
wif& Coppex atom
-
CLA
*Ct-a
is paired
coppea
atom-
Cu eB
is paired wtt a diffexe
-as
douctes two
two
moleuules
veduced cyt-c
Sa o the e elecfrons ae

oue at a tiue to CuA

elecrons
CuB Te
unrties trausemed fo c t - a , Cyt-a3,
elechrons o m Cat-C
conueE
OHRen
trroses o fouc
two molecuues ct wates
aud four prcons to
Grradienfi-
Compex-(y
Contributes fo proton
e
4Ht for eauu paur of
traucex o
Ner etteek is
O2+ ye +4HT 2 Ha0

electron rosfeAkedfrom

Tus
eac paurr o
aUe
pumpedd fo luteimembrane
2HT jous
NaDH, Ouy

space
in Cormplex- w
 CyTocHROME a / a g CoMPLEX
Frrorn Ce
Via
Oxidiaed Cytas Cub
2H20 Cyta CuA
binuclen cormplex
FeCtu) Cu (u)
2H

Fe Cut) CuC)
FeCtu)-oH CuCI)-OH CHalfreduced biuclea
Complex)
e

f a f a g Complex u

e
FeCIld=otutt)
FeCt) Cu)
comple
(Reduced biuucleas Coroplex)

FeCI)o--OH Guli
Hydro-pelory -Og
cornplex
FeCt)o=o Gu CI)
Fe tuo--o Cuti)
(Dxy Complex )
e Reroxy complex

wr f&a an 2me in its

T e cotolyti cle begins
moleule oereduced
ne
ulyoxidisad forr iukay to
a
electro,
franlers
Cytounrome -c to &eme ag
electron
douates
fen

Cuta CuA, wlu is veduced frrom Cu2te

lonm
tkaci
to CuB,
aud fiualy

to C for m. tutroducas a second

A 3econd mnoleule of t - c
Hha ouus e owe pott aud educos Hemea

feis educed state

to Fe2t state. Tuus a
unome oxidase biuds to oXHaen
to
lu its reduced state
Tue proximty of CuB
Tue
e m e ag- Oxygen comple, aWous Oxygay
to e
oxidle, wkueh forrms
a briga
to be reduced to pex
CuB C2+) fom.
u keme ag u d
bekusaen Fe
etocrome-c
frd electiron from
ue add Hon ot O-o boud
results iu Rie cevGge o
as wel as prrokon aud
f e = o at Hemeas
a fear qaoup
Helcug
a t Cue.
Cu oH
from custudrorne -
cC
electron
T t e additou of fiual
reduces e fear qoup to
aunda saund proton
Fe3-oH

wo addiHoual
protons alws
Keachon wit
amdeset
wakes
op 2 udletuls of
e e reease
t
iutia, fuloxidized fom
T e eu2yune
to ilz

at Ctodarorme-C
:
POTNT
ArdOTHER ENTRY
Trangfes electrons to
Ascombae direceRy

Cyrodurome - c
REDOx VALUES

ale uauged based

TUeVasious elecdthron coikiexs
mdox potenal.
on teir lucseasiug
spoutaueous moving
movi
doonul
SeeFmon flous Donans
electron

Ta ase Strong
moleuudes
rom move rom u g
acceptor=
elecreron
o Shron
to Strong
to lous euesqy Stae
e a s t a e

E-Sto dasd
REDOx REACTION Redox Potenkal

- 0-32
NAD+ H*+2 NAD
- O 3012
FMN +2H 2e FMNH2
-
+2H+2e &H2

e -b(R*) +0-072
Cyt-bCFe)+ -
+ O 22
t-ci (e*)
t- CFe*)+.

- c (fe2) +O 2Sy
Cyt-c (Fe)4e"
c t - a (Fe2*) +O 2
Cyt-a (Fe3t)+e
C) +0 38s2
(Fe3*)+ e" -ag
Gyt-ag -
+O81S
O2 t 2H+ 2e Hao
sies
t e ATP produeiuq
.. are
 in e vedox pofeuta of
Graate ttie diffes
qreoltes te free. aue
a system (redox ouple)

AG is produced
esulis iu eueig thot
tat
elecrons
T h e Row ETc
tucsemeus fuouge
isreleased
tu
H ions
used to Pump
bexated is
T&is 2 e mam
brrave aud
loudrial

luue
mito
CLCTOSS tthe wul
PqRadiou,

iu te fowm of
s Conseaved
n a P r o a s 2
caec
usedto ATP
make ATP

Oeidakve. PlosplhomylaHon.

coupled.
aue coupled
ae
posphorylakon
i d a t t o n aud
Thus
CHAIN
ELECTRONeANsPORT

.
SiGNTETCANCE
OF
ELECTRON EAPPTER3
REGENBRATES
teir eectron
electron

FADt2 pass
Oud
NADH NDT
NADT
bock luto
luho
runruiug
dain,
fhrauporrt
electren

aud FAD
tRe oxiddised form
becouse
impotout,
TUuis is mpo
cadriais
ase used iu cais
electiron
tese
of available to
aud must be
aud cahric
aud yde

keap
Proco Funoiu
t

MAeER OF PeoToN GRPDIENT

PRou o.
elecron fuoug vaaious
Te downlull
* lou 2uesgy
elecron casries from ura ueay
wR is z e
uzed
release o
e eq
euegy s
esults ln tüe
iuteamembraue spae
Pump H ons uto
rom NADHA u d
electrons

TUus, te Rou o tra

trauspomt o
tle uplull
uplul
coupled
to
O2 is
Da
FADH2 fo
FPDH auoss
te (uteememoroune

fRe m a t rix
From
profons
motve foree
füe profon
aeuesatg ATP Syu Rhase
hase
pace ATP yu
produckion b
to ATP
T&is leads
CFo F ATPase