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A newsletter subscriber bonus report, helping you better

Get It Done!
motivate yourself and your team

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Get It Done!
This e-book is published by Mind Tools Limited, of
2nd Floor, 145-157 St John St, London, EC1V 4PY, UK.

Version 2.0

Copyright © Mind Tools Ltd, 2008-2011. All rights reserved.

This e-book is protected by international copyright law.


You may only use it if you have downloaded it directly
from the mindtools.com site, or if you have received it
under license from Mind Tools Ltd.

Cover image © iStockphoto/

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Contents

Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................................. 4

Organize for Success ............................................................................................................................................................. 6

Scheduling: Planning and Defending Your Time ........................................................................................................... 11

Delegation ............................................................................................................................................................................... 14

Get Busy .................................................................................................................................................................................. 17

It’s Time ................................................................................................................................................................................... 23

Have you found this e-book useful? ................................................................................................................................. 24

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Get It Done!
Introduced by Mind Tools CEO, James Manktelow
Many people feel management skills, your performance will
out of control of improve. What’s more, when you’re seen to be
their workload. In a good manager of time, people will take you
fact, it’s probably seriously if you say that you have too much to
the most common do. Rather than just saying “he’s/she’s no good
issue that people at time management”, they’ll work to help you
experience when resolve the problems you’re experiencing.
they first come to
Mind Tools. People This workbook pulls together proven time
find themselves management tools and techniques that you can
working very long start using right away to bring your workload
hours, but still not and working habits under control. It’s organized
getting their work in three sections:
fully done, and experiencing intense stress and
unhappiness as a result.  Organize for Success – Focus your
time. Stop frittering it away!
What’s more, some people sabotage  Delegate – Do YOU need to do it?
themselves with bad habits like procrastination  Get Busy – Step out of your own way
and lack of delegation… and get down to work!

If any of this describes you, you may be Together, the tools you’ll learn here form a firm
frustrated by frequent interruptions, struggling foundation for breaking through and getting
to accomplish important objectives, and feeling those key tasks done. Learning to control your
that life is in a constant state of crisis. You may time is certainly worth the effort as the payoffs
sense that your boss is losing confidence in and benefits are huge – in fact, these are some
you. And you may find that work is trampling all of the most fundamental skills you’ll need to
over your personal and family life, so that you progress your career! We hope you find this
have no time for the things that you enjoy. workbook useful!

Fortunately, there can be a lot that you can do


about this: You simply need effective tools and
tactics to gain control over the time you spend
at work. And when you make your work time
more productive, the wonderful side effect is
that you have more time to allocate to your
family and to leisure activities.

The goal is to maximize the return you achieve James Manktelow, CEO,
on the time you invest. When you make a MindTools.com
conscious decision to control your time on the
job, and you back that up with solid time

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Organize for Success


Focus your time. Stop frittering it away!
Time is one of the most important and scarce precious moments you’ve been given, knowing
resources you have. Most of us have a never- you are using them to your best advantage.
ending list of things that we could do if we have
the time, and finding the time to do the things What do you have to do?
we have to do is always a problem. The best way to get control of your time is to
make that an important goal. Decide right now
This is why it helps to start thinking of time as a that you are going to make a positive change,
real economic resource that needs to be spent and firmly commit yourself to that in your mind.
wisely. When you make a real commitment to
improving your time management, you are
If you work eight hours a day, five days a week, much more likely to follow through. While we
for 50 weeks a year, then you have 2,000 hours won’t go into detail here about the process of
a year to allocate to accomplishing various jobs. long range planning and goal setting, you
Think of this in the same way as if you had should start your time management plan with a
$2,000 for office supplies in your budget, or specific goal that you will monitor and measure.
2,000 gallons of gasoline that you could use in
a year. To make this even more difficult, if you With your overall goal in hand, the next step in
found you haven’t used your time wisely, the process is to bring together all of the tasks
there’s no begging more resources from the you’ve accepted and commitments you’ve
boss, or buying more – when it’s used, it’s made into one place, so that you understand
used, regardless how well you allocated it. the totality of what you need to achieve, and
can create a coherent plan for dealing with
When you recognize the reality that time is a these tasks and commitments.
valuable and finite resource, the idea of not
squandering it becomes that much more With our theme of getting those difficult,
attractive! With this attitude, you can approach troublesome tasks done, we’ll use a variant of
decisions about time allocation more efficiently. that very basic but important time management
You’ll be less likely to waste time and be more tool – a To-Do List – and we’ll adapt it to help
reluctant to do things that don’t contribute to you motivate yourself to complete those tasks.
your important goals.
So what do you need to do?
But it’s not just about focusing on deadlines and
to-do lists, it’s more about looking for ways to Start by writing down a list of the all of the tasks
maximize the return on the time you have. Time you need to complete on the next page.
doesn’t have to just tick by; you can get time on
your side, and find opportunities to savor the

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I need to:

This is the extent of a typical To-Do list. The your To-Do list will work for you, you will stick
problem is, it’s not particularly inspiring, is it? with it and keep accomplishing more and more
Where is the time line? Where is the with your time. Two key elements for
motivation? Where is the understanding “why” accomplishing any goal are making it time-
you need to accomplish these things? bound and relevant.

When you first start building the habit of making For each of the goals you listed above,
To-Do lists it’s important that you set yourself determine when you need to complete it and
up for success. When you have positive proof why.

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My Motivating To-Do List

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

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I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

I need to

by

because

As you get started with this approach, make it a won’t need to articulate the “why” so formally,
habit to list everyday the things that you need to however, when you are getting started it is a
do and add a completion date. As you get more great reminder and motivator.
confident with your time management skills you

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Tip: This is where the “Urgent/Important Matrix” can


Once you’ve started to get things moving be a highly effective tool for managing your time
with To-Do Lists, take the next step, and and helping you to concentrate on the highest
start prioritizing items on your To-Do List value tasks on your To-Do list. See figure 1
from A to F, so that the most important items below for this.
are at the top. More on this next!
The matrix plots task importance versus task
urgency and yields four categories of tasks:
Prioritization: Urgent Versus Important
As we said at the start of this section, to be Urgent and Important – these are Critical
effective, you need to treat your time as a Activities that have to be done. Maybe they are
precious resource, and ensure that you get the unexpected or unplanned items or perhaps they
best possible return on it. This means were left to the last minute due to poor time
concentrating on important, high-return management previously. Whatever the reason,
activities, and minimizing the amount of time these items need to be attended to right away.
you spend on low value tasks. The goal is to reduce the number of these last
minute, critical tasks by deliberating working
The problem with this is there are so many away at the important items on a daily basis.
“urgent” tasks screaming for our attention!
Important and Not Urgent – these are your
Important tasks have a high immediate value, Long Term Goal items. This is the area in which
help you achieve your long-term goals, or have you want to maximize your time, and the only
serious negative consequences if they’re not way you can accomplish this is to plan every
completed. day effectively (we’ll deal with this next). The
more time you allocate to these tasks every
These items may or may not appear to be day, the less likely it is that they will creep into
urgent. For example, something like self- the urgent pile and cause you undue stress.
development is very important to your career
success, and thus should be high priority. Urgent and Not Important – these items are
However, in the scheme of a busy day, it the interruptions that plague you and keep you
doesn’t have much urgency, and therefore it from accomplishing your important work. The
tends to get overlooked. The small, detailed tasks that come up here are often termed
tasks that have very little long-term value to you important to others and therefore they see them
are what are often deemed urgent. as important to you. Step back and analyze
Unfortunately, they then get treated as if they each request for its true importance to you. See
are important, when in fact they may not be! if you can delegate or reschedule these items
What you need to do, then, is separate or, if you can, avoid taking them on altogether.
importance from urgency, make sure that
urgent work genuinely is urgent, and ensure Then take proactive measure to limit your
that you put a reasonable amount of effort into exposure to interruptions by making yourself
important but non-urgent activities. available at certain times of the day or blocking
off time periods completely for work on your
A good prioritization plan helps you focus your important tasks.
time and attention in this way. When your
energy is focused, you can concentrate and get Not Urgent and Not Important – these are the
urgent items out of the way so that you have distractions. Sometimes they are self-imposed
time to work on your most important, but not so and sometimes others introduce them. They
urgent tasks. These are the high value tasks don’t contribute to your long term goals and you
that give you the best return on your time can’t afford to lose your focus dealing with
investment. them. You might have to say no to requests like

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this, and you will certainly have to say no to Now look at your revised To-Do list and place
yourself to ensure your time is spent wisely. the items in the correct category on the
Urgent/Important Matrix.

Figure 1: The Urgent/Important Matrix

Urgent/Important Matrix

Important Goals Critical Activities


Important

Distractions Interruptions

Urgent

How many of the activities you’re currently your Urgent/Important Matrix as well. You might
stressed by really belong in the “Interruptions” have to decide quickly whether or not the task
category? And how many items in the “Critical” deserves a high or low priority. Having clear
category should really have been dealt with a goals will help make this decision much easier.
while ago? And what does this tell you about
the way you should manage incoming tasks? Remember that there is never enough time in a
day to make everything happen. You can’t feel
Sometimes “stuff” will come up. These guilty about that – what you can do is control
unplanned items can be quickly assimilated into your time as much as possible, and know that

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you’re allocating this precious resource to the take our How to Prioritize Bite Sized Training
highest value tasks. session located here:
http://www.mindtools.com/community/Bite-
To learn more about the important topic of SizedTraining/HowtoPrioritize.php
prioritization, Mind Tools Club members can

Scheduling: Planning and Defending Your Time


So, if there’s never enough time in the day to do work, and then plan your use of time so that
everything, how do you make best use of the you can get important jobs done, at the same
limited time you’ve got, handle the interruptions, time that you leave time to deal with the urgent
and still make sure you’ve got time to work on activities and interruptions that come up. What’s
your important tasks? more, when you know where your time goes
and what your commitments are, you can
The answer is “By planning your time”, also manage the delivery promises that you make to
known as “Scheduling”. other people (“I’ve got a very full workload up
until the 14th, but I’ll be pleased to get it done by
By creating a proper schedule, you can identify the 20th.”) To create your schedule, start with a
the time that you want to make available for page showing the days in the week.

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Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday


8 am

9 am

10 am

11 am

12 am

1 pm

2 pm

3 pm

4 pm

5 pm

6pm

7 pm

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Then work through this process: By the time you get to step 5, you may find that
no time is available to work on these Important
1. First, block out the hours that you don’t and Not Urgent tasks. This is clearly a problem!
want to work, so that these are not
available. (If you’re starting from a  Revisit your assumptions about the
position where you’re seriously behind things that you have to do and check
with work, you may want to consider that these are valid. Drop what you can
coming in early and/or leaving late, here.
however you should normally plan a
reasonable length day.)  Revisit your assumptions about the
urgent actions that you have to take. Are
2. Mark in a proper amount of time for the they genuinely urgent? And how can
things you absolutely have to do to do a you stop these things from becoming
good job. These will often be the things urgent in the future?
on which you’re assessed.
 Look at the contingency time you’ve
3. Next schedule in the genuinely urgent made available. Is it fairly estimated?
activities from your To-Do List that have Should someone else be handling some
to be done in the next week. of the chaos? And should you be less
available to be distracted?
4. Then schedule in appropriate
contingency time to handle the problems When, in the future, someone asks you to take
and urgent situations that routinely crop on a new piece of work, make reference to your
up from day to day. Generally, the more schedule and your To-Do List, and check your
unpredictable your job, the more commitments to other people. If it conflicts with
contingency time you’ll need, these, negotiate deadlines appropriately. Also,
HOWEVER, work over time to minimize build in a bit of contingency time to the deadline
these, and don’t accept frivolous you promise, just in case things over-run.
interruptions.
With an organized approach to managing your
5. The time you have left is your workload, with effective prioritization of your
“discretionary time”: time available to tasks, and with a well-managed schedule, you’ll
work on the Important and Not Urgent soon be well on your way to getting those all-
tasks on your To-Do List or important things done!
Urgent/Important Matrix. Now block
these in, making reasonable estimates
of the time needed to complete them.

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Delegation
Do YOU need to do it?
The sheer magnitude of work that goes into  Enhances the efficiency and timeliness
accomplishing important, long term goals of decisions.
makes it necessary to involve more than just  Improves work coordination between
your own hard work. Here, the days of “if it’s to teams and individuals.
be, it’s up to me” are gone, and to attempt to do
everything yourself is foolish and inefficient. While the benefits of delegation are quite
compelling, the practice is not so easy.
As we’ve been discussing, your time is best Delegation is much more than asking someone
spent on the items of highest value. To achieve to do something for you. It’s definitely not about
whilst also ensuring that everything that needs offloading your work onto others either! It’s
to get done is done, you will probably need to about involving others in meaningful work and
delegate some of your work to others. cultivating a team spirit so that everyone’s
capabilities, knowledge, and effectiveness are
Don’t forget that delegation is not the sole improved. It’s about deciding what you do and
preserve of managers. Everyone can benefit what you have others do.
from effective delegation as a time
management tool, as it frees up discretionary Complete this mini self-assessment to
time that can be then spent on other, more determine how well you currently delegate.
important, things. Place a checkmark next to the items that you
do, or have done, in a delegation situation. If
If delegation is done only when a person you have not had an opportunity to delegate,
feels overloaded, it can backfire. Those think about what you might do if given the
being delegated to will resent the practice, chance.
and sense they are being treated as a
means to an end. For delegation to be really Delegation self-assessment
effective, the person being delegated to must When delegating work to others (check all of
feel empowered as well. This means that the boxes that apply):
you need to hand over enough responsibility
so that the other person can reap the I clearly specify the results I want and
rewards of doing a good job, and view the need.
task as important to them.
I make sure the amount of authority I
give matches the amount of
There are several distinct advantages to
responsibility for the outcome.
delegating that you should keep in mind when
evaluating the “cost” versus the benefits. I acknowledge limitations and
knowledge gaps and provide support
Delegation: where needed.

 Increases your discretionary time. I clearly specify the level of initiative I


 Develops other people’s knowledge and expect. (Do they wait for directions,
capabilities submit interim reports for review, or
 Demonstrates trust and confidence in complete the whole task with only an
others. end report?)
 Enhances the commitment of others.
 Improves decision-making with
increased access to information.

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I allow the person to participate in strategies? The point of delegating is to


deciding when and how the work is to increase your available time. If the
be done. underlying values are inconsistent then
you may feel compelled to monitor
I clearly outline the consequences of closely and supervise the whole task, in
success and failure. which case you are better off doing it
yourself. Make sure you communicate
I work within the organizational
“why” the job is important to help ensure
structure so that no one is bypassed
a common perspective on the outcome.
(or at least informed of my decision to
delegate elsewhere).
4. Do I have enough time to delegate the
I delegate regularly and consistently, job effectively? Delegating requires work
not just when I’m overloaded or prefer on your part. You have to make sure
not to do something. you have time to train, answer
questions, and check on the person’s
I encourage the person to come to me progress. (However, think long term
with solutions and not merely asking here, not short term. In the short term,
for advice or answers when a problem there’s never time to delegate. In there’s
is encountered. a long term in the relationship, it’s can
I maintain overall accountability for be mad not to delegate!)
results.
Look at your To-Do list and identify three tasks
that can be delegated to others. Make sure you
The more checkmarks the better! The can answer “yes” to at least a few of the
behaviors listed are all ones that are needed for questions asked above.
a positive delegation outcome. If any of these conditions are not met, there will
be a greater probability that the delegation
Deciding when to delegate outcome will not be completely successful.
Empowered delegating involves deciding when
to delegate tasks to others and when to perform
them oneself. To determine when delegation is Three tasks I can delegate are:
most appropriate, there are four key questions
you need to ask yourself. 1.

1. Does another person have the


necessary information or expertise? You 2.
may even find that other people are
more qualified than you to perform
certain tasks. When this happens, use it 3.
to your advantage!

2. Will another person’s capabilities be


increased by the assignment? If you use
Deciding to whom you will delegate
delegation purely to get out of unwanted
Having decided to delegate a task, you must
tasks, the results will be less than
now consider whom to ask. If you are a
stellar. Make sure the task you delegate
manager you may be able to delegate to one of
has sufficient appeal and benefits.
your staff quite easily. If you aren’t a manager
or the task you are delegating would be best
3. Can I trust another person to use good
done by someone you don’t have authority for,
judgment and values that are aligned
it takes more planning.
with the organization’s needs and

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Certainly to delegate effectively, you need to something for you. There has to be a reason
have sufficient influence with the person. In an and a plan. You may have to think of someone
authority relationship this influence is assumed, else to delegate to or take time to foster a
as it is in a situation where you have the formal relationship and build the credit you need to
right to delegate work. When delegating to a work collaboratively.
peer, you need to ensure you have sufficient
credit with the person to make delegation For each of the tasks you identified above,
feasible. determine whom you will delegate it to by
completing the table below.
You can’t simply walk up to anyone in the
organization and ask him or her to do

Task 1 Task 2 Task 3


Who has the
necessary information
or expertise?
Of these, whose
capabilities will be
increased by the
assignment?
Of these, who can you
trust to make good
decisions with minimal
supervision?
Of these, who do you
have influence over, or
credit with, to make
the delegation doable?
Do you need to build
credit with anyone to
make this delegation
possible? If so, how
will you do this?
Of these, who has
time to take on the
task?
Of these, who is most
reliable?
Of these, to whom will
you delegate?

To learn more about delegating and to complete a full delegation plan, Mind Tools Club members
can take our Bite-Sized Training lesson on Delegation here:
http://www.mindtools.com/community/Bite-SizedTraining/Delegation.php

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Get Busy
Step out of your own way and get down to work!
The unfortunate truth is that many of our time planning become severely hampered.
management errors are entirely our own doing. The best actions are made with the right
We simply decide to use our time in ways that amount of time and with sufficient
aren’t optimal – we choose easy, interesting, pressure to motivate us to do a good
and fun over productive and laborious. job, but not so much that we make
mistakes.
Some classic unproductive uses of time
include: Breaking poor time habits
What habits are you succumbing to that eat up
 Bad Habits – Productive habits are the precious time you have for work?
great. What happens all too often,
though, is that our habits lead us to Do you make the rounds chatting with various
doing things in the same unproductive colleagues every morning… catching up on the
ways. Doing ”what we’ve always done” match results or replaying what you did the
or doing them “the way they’ve always night before? Maybe you consume three cups
been done” is not necessarily conducive of coffee before even opening up your email to
to efficiency. Furthermore, habits like see what the day holds. You might simply be a
reading the paper, chatting in the hall, or slow starter who takes the first hour of work just
taking lots of short coffee breaks eat up to wake up and join the land of the living.
potentially productive time.
Whatever your habits are, it’s important you
 Concentrating on trivia – We all thrive identify them and look for ways to change
on accomplishment. What often yourself and your environment to minimize their
happens is we complete small, distraction factor.
unimportant jobs as a way to satisfy our
need for completion. These only provide Start at the beginning of your day and replicate
temporary satisfaction and they don’t a typical schedule. What do you generally do at
lead to strong, long-term performance. what time? Begin with what time you wake up
By concentrating on the prioritizing tools and end with returning home from work. Include
we discussed in part one of this when you take coffee breaks, when you get
workbook, you should be able to really focused on work, how long you break for
conquer this classic time waster. lunch, and other main events. Focus on the
habitual things you do in and around your work
 Procrastination – We put off decisions time.
and action until the last minute. In crisis
mode, good decision making and

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Daily Schedule

Time Activity

Wake Up

Arrive home

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Now take some time to analyze your typical you will become an automaton at work, solely
schedule critically. focused on tasks and not taking your mind off
work for one instant. You can however, limit
Do you see some obvious places where you your free time and make sure you are
can steal back unproductive time? maximizing your discretionary time.

Would 30 minutes for lunch be sufficient? Write down three changes you can (and will!)
make to your schedule to improve your time
What about getting up half an hour earlier or efficiency. Write them as goal statements with
eliminating one coffee break? clear targets, timelines, and measurability
factors. Make them SMART (Specific,
Be honest with yourself about the habits that measurable, attainable, relevant, and time
are wasting your time. It’s not realistic to think bound).

Time Efficiency Goals

Busting procrastination
You know you’re procrastinating when you There is no easy way around procrastination. It
compulsively check your email hoping someone too is a nasty habit that is hard to break once
has sent you something (anything, please!) in you get used to it. At first the stress and
the last five minutes that will take your attention pressure of always having something hanging
away from the task at hand. Or you suddenly over you is uncomfortable but then you get
decide that your files, your desk, the office used to it and suddenly, “I do my best work
supply room, must be reorganized… now! under pressure” becomes your mantra.

These are some of the many signs that you Like any bad habit, the first step in breaking it is
clearly do not want to do what you know you acknowledgement. If you are a procrastinator,
have to do. and many of us are, to some extent, then use

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the following space to write a statement Next, think of the benefits you will receive when
acknowledging that you do procrastinate and a you complete the task. What can you expect to
few current examples. enjoy as soon as the job is finished?

Procrastination Acknowledgement Completion Benefits

I, am a procrastinator. 1

Some current/recent examples of my 2


procrastination include:
3

Look closely at the consequences and the


benefits. Repeat them over and over again to
yourself as a reminder of how important it is to
get this task off your plate and finished.

Now take some time to think about the By recognizing that you do procrastinate you
consequences of procrastination. What is likely are in a better position to face it and change it.
to happen/has happened to you because of And the most effective means to do that is to
these instances of procrastination? break the task down into small pieces and
whittle away at it.

Procrastination Consequences While you might balk at having to spend the


next five hours preparing a keynote speech,
1 you can probably take 10 minutes to come up
with a theme and topic sentence. That is how
2 you get things done, one small piece at a time.
Whether you choose to take the bites
3 consecutively or break them up is your choice.
When the task is unpleasant or overwhelming,
4 choosing to complete small sections in between
more interesting and rewarding tasks is a
5 powerful strategy.

6 Using one of the tasks you are currently


procrastinating on, break it down into small
7 chucks that can be completed in 10 to 30
minutes. You need to do something for at least
10 minutes and at that point you can decide

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whether you want to continue on or do will reward yourself for your efforts. Try to
something else. include a reward in the middle as well as the
end. The relief of having completed the project
and any extrinsic rewards attached to
TASK: completion might be enough making a midterm
reward the only type necessary.
Manageable Chunks:

1 TASK:

2 Reward Schedule:

3
Reward:

4 When:

5
Reward:
6
When:
7

8 Reward:

When:
With these small, manageable pieces in mind
you should be able to see an end to the task.
All you need to do is get started! Finally, as a way to tie together your
procrastination-busting plan, you can use a
Once started, you also need to provide a proven self motivation technique – a personal
reason to continue. Reminding yourself of the contract. We all respond to the authority of a
benefits and consequences is helpful, and so is contract so making one with ourselves seem to
periodically rewarding yourself for a job well cement a plan and yield a much higher success
done. We all need external motivation at some rate.
point. Promising yourself something pleasant is
a great way to keep your enthusiasm high! Using the contract on the next page, turn your
goal into a contract statement and incorporate
Using the same task, decide when and how you your “chunking” plan and rewards as well.

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Get It Done! | www.MindTools.com

Task Completion Contract

I, do hereby commit to

by

, 20 .

I will accomplish this by working for at least minutes at a time, times per day until it is

complete.

I will reward myself for completion as follows:

© Mind Tools Ltd, 2008-2011. 22 of 24


Get It Done! | MindTools.com

It’s Time
Put it all together
Your time is far too scarce a commodity to right people on the right tasks, the result is
waste. It is non-renewable and non- efficient and satisfying. Don’t hesitate to use the
purchasable. That means you need to get resources you have available to you to get the
serious about using it wisely. From the moment job done right.
you wake up to the moment you get home from
work, you should be thinking about how to And don’t be afraid to dig in and get busy.
make the best use of your time. You want high Scrutinize your habits and conquer your desire
returns on your investments of time, and the to procrastinate. When you fully commit to
way to get these is to plan carefully and decide working hard and working smart the results will
how to allocate your time. come. It’s about being disciplined and
recognizing what you can do to improve your
Use your talents to the fullest and work on high time management. When you get control of the
value tasks that help you accomplish your long time you spend you will be pleasantly surprised
term and important tasks. Use the skills and by the extra time you find – time you can
experience of the people around you to get the choose to do what you want with, no questions,
most productivity you can. When you put the no strings!

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Get It Done! | MindTools.com

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