Alteration of

Urine Production Date: 09/11/21 :

008/
  Polyuria  Refers to the production of
abnormally large amounts of
urine by the kidneys.
 Oliguria and Anuria
 Used to describe decreased
urinary output
 Low urine output, usually less
 Oliguria
than 500 ml/ day or 30 ml/ hr

 Anuria  Lack of urine production

 Urinary frequency  Voiding at frequent intervals

 More than 4 to 6 times per day
 Nocturia  Voiding two or more times at
night. “Nocturia x 4”
 Urgency  Is the sudden strong desire to
void.
 Dysuria  Voiding that is either painful or
difficult.

CHARACTERITICS OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL URINE

a. Amount in 24 hours (adult)

1,200 – 1,500 ml
 - Approximately equal to fluid intake Output of less than 30ml/ hr –
decreased blood flow to the kidneys
b. Color and Clarity
Straw, amber transparent
 Dark amber – concentrated
 Pale yellow or almost clear – diluted
 Foods and drugs – colors urine
 Pink, bright red or rusty brown – RBC (hematuria)
 Menstrual flow also colors urine
 Cloudy urine – WBC, bacteria, pus or contaminants
c. Odor
Faint Aromatic
- Offensive
d. pH Level = 4.5 -8.0
Freshly voided urine is somewhat is acidic
- Over 8 and under 4.5 is abnormal
e. Specific Gravity
- Concentrated urine has a higher specific gravity
- Diluted urine has a lower specific gravity
f. Glucose – not present
-Present in high blood glucose levels
1.010 – 1.,025
g. Ketone Bodies – not present
h. Blood – Not present, occult (microscopic), bright red
i. Albumin – negative

Urinalysis test result interpretation: