EFFECTS/ BIOLOGICAL

CONSEQUENCES OF
SMOKING IN LUNGS AND
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Biology Assignment IGCSE Edexcel 9-1

April 30, 2020

STD-X

Rawdatul Jannah
 INTRODUCTION
One of the most common problems today that are killing people, all
over the world, is smoking. Smoking is the action or habit of inhaling
and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or a drug. Smoking cigarettes can
have many adverse effects on the body. Some of these can lead to life-
threatening complications. In fact, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), smoking cigarettes increases the risk of
dying from all causes, not just those linked to tobacco use. Smoking
cigarettes affects the respiratory system, the circulatory system, the
reproductive system, the skin, and the eyes, and it increases the risk of
many different cancers.

REPORTS IN THE WORLD OF HARMFUL EFFECTS

OF SMOKING
 Cigarettes are responsible for a substantial increase in the risk of
developing lung cancer. This risk is 25 times greater for men and 25.7 times
greater for women.
 The CDC report that roughly 9 out of 10 lung cancer deaths is linked to
smoking.
 More than 16 million Americans are living with a disease caused by
smoking.
 For every person who dies because of smoking, at least 30 people live with
a serious smoking-related illness.
 On average, smokers die 10 years earlier than nonsmokers.
 Worldwide, tobacco use causes more than 7 million deaths per year. If the
pattern of smoking all over the globe doesn’t change, more than 8 million
people a year will die from diseases related to tobacco use by 2030.
 Cigarette smoking is responsible for more than 480,000 deaths per year in
the United States, including more than 41,000 deaths resulting from
secondhand smoke exposure. This is about one in five deaths annually, or
1,300 deaths every day.
 The CDC report that people who smoke regularly have a 30–40 percent
higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes than those who do not.
 It has been a major health problem for many decades. For the entire 20th
century it is estimated that around 100 million people died prematurely
because of smoking, most of them in rich countries
 By 2030, it is estimated that 17 percent of the global population will smoke
tobacco.
 In adults, second hand smoke causes serious cardiovascular and respiratory
diseases, including coronary heart disease and lung cancer.
 In infants, second hand smoke raises the risk of sudden infant death
syndrome.
 In pregnant women, second hand smoke causes pregnancy complications
and low birth weight.
 65 000 children die each year from illnesses attributable to second-hand
smoke.
 CHEMICALS PRESENT IN TOBACCO
SMOKE
Tobacco smoke contains:-
1. Nicotine
2. Tar
3. Irritants
4. Carcinogens
5. Carbon monoxide

EFFECT OF SMOKING IN LUNGS

 Lung cancer- Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke cause mutation in lung
tissues which leads to lung cancer
 Bronchitis- Tar destroys the cilia of the air passage in the lungs. As a result
mucus including dust particles and microorganisms move down and fill the
alveoli. Microorganisms causes infection in the bronchi and bronchioles
which leads to bronchitis.
 Chemicals in the tobacco smoke destroys the inner wall of the alveoli which
reduces the surface area of it for gas exchange. This is the permanent
damage of the lungs, it is known as emphysema.
 EFFECTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE ON
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Nicotine causes addiction. It increases the blood pressure and also
increases the chance of blood clotting.
 Carbon monoxide present in the tobacco smoke increases the chance of
deposition of fatty substances of the inner wall of the arteries . As a result
less blood is passed to the heart. It also reduces the ability of red blood
cells to carry oxygen around the body that leads to production of lactic acid
through anaerobic respiration which leads to a heart attack

CONCLUSION
Smoking is something people should stop. This is a serious addiction that has manipulated the brain into
smoking more and more. However doing a thing that can lead to death is not worth it no matter how
addicting it is. Smoking should be stopped throughout the world as it brings more harm than benefits.
People should be encouraged to stop smoking. And the smokers should also think about what smoking
does to them in order to bring them out of the addiction.