Structural Plan Review

Trusses and Rafters

Lesson 4

1 of 58 Updated: December 2016

 Roof Construction

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 Trusses

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 Trusses

• Topics
• Truss types

• How to read truss detail sheets

• Continuous bearing

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 Engineered Truss System

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 Trusses
• Truss types

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 Trusses
• Understanding truss detail sheets
• Truss number

• Dimensions

• Members

• Spacing

• Reactions

• Loading

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 Truss Layout
 Section
R802.10.1
 Dimensions:
span, spacing
of trusses
 Truss
identification
 Girder truss
identification
 Ceiling
requirements

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 Truss Shop Drawing
 Sections R802.10.1 and
R802.10.2
 Submitted prior to
erection/installation or
with permit application
 Design and signed/sealed
 Minimum requirements
for drawings

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Slope or depth, span and spacing

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Location of all joints

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Loading of all chords

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Reactions and forces

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Joint connector (proprietary product)

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 Truss Shop Drawings
 Lumber size, species and grade

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 Truss Shop Drawings

 Calculated deflection

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 Truss Shop Drawings

 Permanent bracing locations

 Permanent bracing responsibility of building designer
 Temporary bracing responsibility of truss designer

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 Reading Truss Plans
 Methodology
 Bearing
 Over-builts
 Girders

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 Rafters

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 Rafters

• Topics
• Rafter and ceiling joist spans

• Rafter ties

• Collar ties

• Ridge beams vs ridge boards

• Complex roof systems ??

• Hips and valleys ??

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 Rafters
RIDGE BOARD
COLLAR TIES
RAFTERS
RAFTER TIES

CEILING JOISTS

CEILING JOISTS CEILING JOISTS

PARALLEL TO PERPENDICULAR
RAFTERS TO RAFTERS
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 Reading Rafter Plans
 Methodology
 Bearing
 Over built
 Girders

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 RAFTER/CEILING SYSTEM

Tension

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 Rafters – Collar ties

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 Rafters – Rafter ties

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 Rafters
• Minimum rafter size?
• 28’ wide house, ceiling attached to rafters,
• Roof live load = 20 psf, dead load 10 psf
• Rafters parallel to ceiling joists
• Using DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

28’
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 Rafters - answer
• 28’ wide house,
ceiling attached
to rafters,
• Roof live load =
20 psf, dead load
10 psf
• Rafters parallel to
ceiling joists
• Using DFL#2 @
16” o.c.

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 Skill Check
• Pass code?
• 30’ wide house, ceiling NOT attached to
rafters,
• Ground snow load = 30 psf, dead load = 10 psf
• Rafters parallel to ceiling joists
• Plans show 2x10 DFL #2 at 16” o.c.

30’
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 Skill Check - answer
• 30’ wide house,
ceiling NOT
attached to
rafters,
• Ground snow
load = 30 psf,
dead load 10 psf
• Rafters parallel
to ceiling joists
• Plans show 2x10
DFL #2 at 16”
o.c.

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 Rafters with Raised Ceilings

Ceiling joists parallel

to rafters

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 Rafters with Raised Ceilings
• Minimum rafter size?
• Ground snow load = 30 psf,
• Dead load = 10 psf

12’
• Using DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

4’
Raised ceiling joists

26’
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Rafters with Raised Ceilings
• Ground snow load = 30 psf, Dead

4’ 12’
load = 10 psf
• Using DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

Raised ceiling
joists
26’

2X6: 11’-11” X .67 = 7’-5”

2X8: 15’-1” X .67 = 11”
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2X10: 18’-5” X .67 = 12’-4”
 Skill Check
• Pass code?
• Ground snow load = 30 psf,
• Dead load = 10 psf
• Using 2x6 DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

15’
3
Raised ceiling joists

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Skill Check -answer

3 15’
• Ground snow load = 30 psf,
Dead load = 10 psf
• Using DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

Raised ceiling
joists
24’

2X6: 11’-11” X .83 = 9’-3”

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 Ceiling Joists

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 Ceiling Joists
• CJ Size?
• 30’ wide house,
• Limited storage attic
• Using DFL#2 @ 16” o.c.

16’ 14’

30’
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 Ceiling Joists - answer
• 30’ wide house,
• Limited storage attic
• Using DFL#2 @ 16”
o.c.

16’ 14’

30’

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 Skill Check
• CJ size?
• 28’ wide house,
• Attic without storage above
the second floor 15’
• Using DFL#2 @ 24”o.c.

28’
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 Skill Check - answer
• 28’ wide house,
• Attic without storage
above the second
floor
• Using DFL#2 @
24”o.c.

15’

28’
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 Ridge Boards & Beams

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 Ridge Beam Load Path
 Follow ridge beam load
path
 Ensure columns, multi-
ply studs support beam
 Materials:
 Large dimensioned
lumber
 LVL, microlam
 Flitch beam

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 Ridge Boards
run

rise

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 What do you think?

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 Ridge Board
• Ridge board size? 12
12 3
• 2x8 rafters
12
15’

28’
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 Ridge Board - answer
• 2x8 rafters
12
12 3
12
15’

28’
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 Ridge Boards vs Ridge Beams
Ridge Board Ridge Beam

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 Ridge Boards vs Ridge Beams
Ridge Board Ridge Board

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 Ridge Boards vs Ridge Beams
Classic remedies to resist thrust

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 Ridge Boards vs Ridge Beams
Classic remedies to resist thrust

Big timber cross ties

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 Ridge Boards vs Ridge Beams
• Vaulted or cathedral roofs
• Ridge beam
• Rafters act as sloped joists (require hangers)
• Ridge beam posted on each end

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 Hips and Valleys

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 Hips and Valleys

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 Hips and Valleys

HIP
VALLEY

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 Hips and Valleys

 Minimum nominal thickness of 2"

 Minimum depth equal to rafter cut
 Must be designed as beams for >3:12 slope

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 Overbuilt Valleys and True Valleys

Overbuilt rafters with valley plate Rafters with true valley

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 Roof Tie-Down

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 Jefferson House Plan
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