Identify Sentence Elements of the following sentences.

Paragraph 1

1. Managing a truly global multinational company would obviously be much simpler if it

required only one set of corporate objectives, goals, policies, practices, products and

services.

2. But local differences often make this impossible.

3. The conflict between globalization and localization has led to the invention of the world

“glocalization”.

4. Companies that want to be successful in foreign markets have to be aware of the local

cultural characteristics that affect the way business is done.

5. The largely Protestant cultures on both sides of the North Atlantic (Canada, the USA,

Britain, the Netherlands, Germany, Scandinavia) are essentially individualist.

6. In such cultures, status has to be achieved.

7. You don’t automatically respect people just because they’ve been in a company for 30

years.

Paragraph 2

1. A young, dynamic, aggressive manager with an MBA can quickly rise in the hierarchy.

2. In most Latin and Asian cultures, on the contrary, status is automatically accorded to the

boss, who is more likely to be in his fifties or sixties than in his thirties.

3. This is particularly true in Japan, where companies traditionally have a policy of

promotion by seniority.

4. A 50-year-old Japanese manager, or a Greek or Italian or Chilean one, would quite simply

be offended by having to negotiate with an aggressive, well-educated, but inexperienced

American or German 20 years his junior.

5. He would also want to take the time to get to know the person with whom he was

negotiating, and would not appreciate an assertive American who wanted to sign a deal

immediately and take the next plane home.

6. In northern cultures, the principle of pay-for-performance often successfully motivates

salespeople.

7. The more you sell, the more you are paid.

Paragraph 3

1. But the principle might well be resisted in more collectivist cultures, and in countries

where rewards and promotion are expected to come with age and experience.

2. Trompenaars gives the example of a sales rep in an Italian subsidiary of a US

multinational company who was given a huge quarterly bonus under a new policy

imposed by head office.

3. His sales-which had been high for years – declined dramatically during the following three

months.

4. It was later discovered that he was deliberately trying not to sell more than any of his

colleagues, so as not to reveal their inadequacies.

5. He was also desperate not to earn more than his boss, which he thought would be an

unthinkable humiliation that would force the boss to resign immediately.

6. Trompenaars also reports that Singaporean and Indonesian managers objected that pay-

for-performance caused salesmen to pressure customers into buying products they didn’t

really need.

7. This was not only bad for long term business relations, but also quite simply unfair and

ethically wrong.

Paragraph 4

1. But the more demanding work ethos has also lowered the quality of life for many.
2. Personal relationships have suffered as couples spend so little time together away from

their offices and even then, much of their free time is spent discussing work projects.

3. Many employees, as an acceptable consequence of being able to retain their jobs, tolerate

a worsening of family life and personal health along with lack of contact with their

children.

4. Fewer people feel secure in their positions and they are thus forced to constantly keep

pace with the latest development in their fields, which is both tiring and stressful.

5. Whereas once stability was based on one employer, this now come from the ability to

adapt to the new system of working practices.

6. The institution which could be relied upon to protect workers, the trade union, has been in

declined and losing influence for two decades.

7. Twenty years ago, 57% of sixty-four year olds were working compared to 37% today.

Paragraph 5

1. What the future holds for the young is rather uncertain and unclear.

2. As the birth rate continues to fall, fewer people will enter the employment market and a

shortage of essential skills will soon be pronounced and evident.

3. The retirement age is expected to rise in the near future to seventy years old and pensions

will not be paid at the same level as in period generations.

4. Flexibility will be the key to success and security of tenure will come from the ability to

move with the times.

5. The institution which could be relied upon to protect workers, the trade union, has been in

declined and losing influence for two decades and perhaps the gravest consequence of the

new work philosophy, is that now older employees are no longer highly regarded for their

experience but are judged to be worthless.

6. I gave whoever it was a cup of coffee.

7. The problem is that our computers are out of order.