HVDCT

Module No.III
 Power Reversal

• In many application each converter must function like

sometimes as rectifier and another time as inverter
• To de energies the line rapidly both the converters are
operated as inverters
• Reversal of power is achieved by changing polarities of
DC by keeping direction of current same
• To achieve power reversal and get common operating point
the current order of the converter are changed.

• The rated current setting is given to the converter which is

going to act as rectifier. The current setting reduce by the
amount of current margin

• For the converter control which is going to act like inverter.

The polarity for controlling the dc link current is always
given to rectifier controller

• The DC link current maintain to the line rated value

practically the constant current characteristics are having
very high –ve slope.
 Vd
Vd

Im
Id Id

Im
Vd

Conv II
Conv I

Id
Im Conv II
Conv I
 TWO POINT OR THREE POINT INSTABILITY
• If inverter voltage is very low the slope of CEA, i.e.
constant extinction angle characteristics is very high.
• This may causes 2 point or 3 point intersection of
characteristics known as 2 point or 3 point instability.
Vdr
Vdr
CIAr CEAi CIAr CEAi

CCAi
CCi CCAi
CCi

Id Id
• Rectifier control and inverter control characteristics
are crossing multiple points.
• Therefore the controller can not define the operating
point, which may result in continuous shifting of the
operating point, this is called as 2 point or 3 point
instability.
• To avoid this conflicts constant ‘β’ control char. is
given to the inverter control during the period of
current margin.
• For constant ‘β’ Control method Rci is +ve therefore
slope of the characteristics is also +ve
 The modified characteristics is as shown

Vdr

CIAr

CCAi CEAi

Id

• The modification in the characteristic is not enough,

therefore the characteristic are modified with voltage
dependent current order limit (VDCOL)
Voltage Dependent Current Order
Limit (VDCOL)
Vd

a
b
A
e
F
Vd1 d c

d‘
Vd2 c’

h d”
C”
Id
Id2’ Id1’ Id2 Id1
• The low DC voltage in the link is mainly due to the
faults in the AC system on the rectifier or inverter side.
• The low AC voltage due to faults on the inverter side
can result in commutation failure because of the
increase of overlap angle.
• In such cases , it is necessary to reduce the DC current
in the link until the condition which reduces DC voltage
are relieved.
• Also the reduction of current relieves those valves in
the inverter are overstressed due to continuous current
flow in them.
• If the low voltage is due to the rectifier side AC System,
the inverter has to operate at very low power factor
causing excessive consumption of reactive power.
• Thus it becomes useful to modify the control
characteristics to include voltage dependent
current limits as shown in fig.
• Rectifier controller characteristics is modified
during the current margin period as well as
during the voltage dependent current order limit.
• The characteristics CC’ and C’C” shows the
limitation of current due to reduction in voltage.
• The DC Current is reduced from Id1 to Id1’,
linearly and maintained at Id1’ below the voltage
Vd2.
• The inverter characteristics also follows the
rectifier characteristics to maintain the current
margin.
Vd

a b

A
e
F
Vd1 d c

d‘
Vd2 c’

h d”
C”
Id
Id2’ Id1’ Id2 Id1
System Control Hierarchy
 The control function required for the HVDC link is
performed using the hierarchical control structure.
Sr.
Hierarchy Location and Coverage Functions
no.
1 HVDCT Overall • Terminal of over all connection •Bipolar control of entire
System Control •Entire HVDC system like system
substation, lines, Communication •As authority over master
etc.. control located at each
terminal.
• to provide orders for
current order to various
substation
2 Master Control • Located at each terminal • receives order from
•Covers substation at particular overall HVDC Transmission
terminals control
•To coordinate current
orders to both the poles.
•To give orders to pole
control in each terminal

•Substation control room
3 Substation control
•Covers entire substation
4 Pole control •Locate at each terminal
substation
•It covers converts under one
pole
6 Valve unit control • control room of each terminal
substation
•It covers respective valves
5 Converter unit • control room of each terminal
control substation
•It covers respective converters
unit and its valves
•Receive order from master
control
•Give commands to pole
cont
•To receive orders from
substation control
•Give commands to each of
its converter unit control
• to control and monitor
respective valve.
•To control all the valves in
the converter
•Various protective and
monitoring functions in the
respective converter