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Think before you will speak. - จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกค าที่คิด)
Think before you will speak. - จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกค าที่คิด)
ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และ
ภาคตัดกรวย
ความรู้พนื้ ฐานเรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์
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จุดกึง่ กลำง = x1 x2 , y1 y 2
2 2
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ตัวอย่าง ถ้ำ C(2,3) เป็ นจุดกึง่ กลำงระหว่ำงจุด A(-2,0) และ B(x,y) จงหำ B(x,y)
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4. สมการของเส้ นตรง
1. x 2y 3 0
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2. 2 x 2 y 10
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y y1 m( x x1 )
1
ตัวอย่าง 1. จงหำสมกำรเส้นตรงที่ ผ่ำนจุด (1,-2) และมีควำมชัน
2
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2. จงหำสมกำรเส้นตรงที่ผ่ำนจุด (-1,2) และมีควำมชัน
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1. x 2y 5 0
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2. 2 x y 10
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3. y 10
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ระยะห่ ำงระหว่ำงเส้นตรงคู่ขนำนทั้งสองเส้น
1. 3x 4 y 2 0 ก ับ (2,-3)
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2. 3x 4 y 5 ก ับ (0,0)
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1. 3x 4 y 5 0 ก ับ (3,4)
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2. 4x 3 y 8 0 ก ับ (1,2)
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3. 6 x 8 y 7 0 ก ับ (1,-1)
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7. วงกลม (circle)
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3. จงหำรัศมีและจุดศูนย์กลำงของสมกำรวงกลม
3.1 ( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 4
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3.2 ( x 2) 2 ( y 3) 2 10
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3.3 x 2 ( y 1) 2 16
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3.4 ( x 1) 2 y 2 20
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4.1 x 2 y 2 6x 4 y 3 0
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4.2 x 2 y 2 10 x 24 y 69 0
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1. จงหำสมกำรวงกลม กำหนดให้
1. x ( y 1) 49 2. ( x 3) ( y 1) 16
2 2 2 2
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17 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
3. ( x 2) y 25 4. ( x 1) ( y 2) 9
2 2 2 2
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3. จงหำรัศมีและจุดศูนย์กลำงของสมกำรวงกลม
3.1 x 2 y 2 6x 7 0
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3.2 x 2 y 2 8x 10 y 5 0
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18 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
โจทย์วัดความสามารถในการแก้ ปัญหาจากสถานการณ์ จริง เรื่องวงกลม
8. พาราโบลา (Parabola)
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4.1 y 2 8x 4.2 x 2 4 y
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4.3 x 2 4 x 20 y 56 0
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4.4 y 2 2 y 6 x 19 0
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4.3 y 2 2 y 16 x 33 0
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4.4 x 2 6x 8 y 1 0
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กำรสลำยนิ่วเป็ นกรรมวิธีรักษำ
โรคนิ่วในทำงเดิ นปั สสำวะที่ไม่ตอ้ งผ่ำตัด
ไม่มีบำดแผล และไม่ต้องดมยำสลบ ทำ
โดยกำรใช้ค ลื่นเสียงที่ มีควำมจำเพำะ ทำ
ให้เกิดแรงกระแทกที่ ก ้อนนิ่ว ในลักษณะ
ของรู ปพำรำโบลำทำให้เกิดรอยร้ำวจน
แตกเป็ นผง ผงนิ่วจะหลุดไหลออกมำ
พร้อมก ับน้ ำปั สสำวะ
คลื่นเสียงที่กำเนิดมำจำกเครื่ องสลำยนิ่วจะถูกควบคุ มให้พุ่งสู่ กอ้ นนิ่ ว โดยไม่ทำอันตรำยกบั เนื้ อเยื่อ
ของผูป้ ่ วย กำหนดให้กอ้ นนิ่ ว อยู่ที่จุ ด (0 , 0) ค่ ำ c 1 (ระยะห่ ำ งระหว่ำ งจุ ด ยอด และจุ ด โฟกสั ) และ
กำหนดจุ ด (h , k) ที่ จุ ด (15 , 0) , (10 , 0) , (5 , 0) , (0 , 0) ตำมลำดับ ที่ ต ำเหน่ งของเครื่ องสลำยนิ่ ว จงหำ
สมกำรของคลื่นเสียงที่ถูกยิงมำยังกอ้ นนิ่ว
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25 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
9. วงรี (Ellipse)
ภำพที่เห็นในชีวิตประจำวัน
x2 y2
1. 1
16 9
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x2 y2
2. 1
4 9
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x2 y2
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25 16
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x2 y2
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9 25
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3. 4 x 2 9 y 2 36
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สนำมหญ้ำด้ำนหลังทำเนียบขำวในกรุ งวอชิงตัน
ดี ซี ของสหรัฐอเมริ กำ เป็ นรู ปวงรี มีควำม ยำว 616 ฟุต
กว้ำง 528 ฟุต รอบๆบริ เวณนั้นเป็ นที่ต้ งั ของส่ว นธุรกิจ
และที่ทำกำรไปรษณี ยเ์ ก่ำแก่ข อง เมืองซึ่งสำมำรถ
มองเห็นได้จำกบนเขำวอชิงตัน จงเขียนสมกำรวงรี ของ
สนำม
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31 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
y2 x2
1. 1
16 4
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x2 y2
2. 1
16 4
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33 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
3. 4 x 2 9 y 2 36
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วงโคจรของดำวหำงที่มีควำมเร็วสูงบำงดวง
โดยเฉพำะดำวหำงแบบปรำกฏครั้งเดียว (Single-apparition
comets) ซึ่งจะผ่ำนเข้ำมำในระบบสุริยะเพียงครั้งเดียวนั้น
จะมีวิถีโคจรเป็ นรู ปไฮเพอร์โบลำ โดยมีดวงอำทิตย์เป็ น
โฟกสั จุดหนึ่ง ถ้ำดำวหำงดวงหนึ่งมีวิถีโคจรแสดงได้ดว้ ย
สมกำร 2,116x 2 400 y 2 846,400 ตำแหน่งที่ดำวหำง
อยูใ่ กล้ ดวงอำทิตย์มำกที่สุด เป็ นเท่ำ ใด ถ้ำกำหนดให้
ระยะทำงมำหน่วยเป็ นล้ำนไมล์
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y2 x2
1. 1
16 25
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2. 1
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3. x 2 4 y 2 100
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36 Think before you will speak.| จงคิดก่อนที่ท่านจะพูด (แต่จงอย่าพูดทุกคาที่คิด)
เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย อ.ภานุวฒั น์ เกียรตินฤมล
2. จำกสิ่งที่ กำหนดให้ต่อไปนี้ จงหำสมกำรไฮเพอร์โบลำ (วำดรู ปประกอบ )
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เรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย
แบบทดสอบก่อน-หลังเรียน เรื่องเรขาคณิตวิเคราะห์และภาคตัดกรวย
ให้นักเรียนทาเครื่องหมายกากบาท ( ) ลงในช่อง ก, ข, ค หรือ ง ที่นักเรียนเห็นว่าถูกต้องที่สุดเพียง
คาตอบเดียว
1. ข้อใดคือระยะห่างระหว่างจุด A(2, 1) และ ก. 1
จุด B(2, -2) ข. 2
ก. 1 หน่วย ค. -1
ข. 3 หน่วย ง. -2
ค. 5 หน่วย 5. เส้นตรงที่ผ่านจุดสองจุดใด
ง. 9 หน่วย 15
มีความเท่ากับ
8
2. จุด B(4, 3) อยู่ห่างจากแกน Y กี่หน่วย
ก. ( 3, 8 ) และ ( 5, 7 )
ก. 4 หน่วย
ข. 6 หน่วย ข. ( 3, 8 ) และ ( 6 9 )