Assignment Brief (RQF) : Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assignment Brief (RQF)

Higher National Diploma in Computing
Student Name/ID Number: Janindu Bhanuka / M19981124006
Unit Number and Title: Assignment 01
Academic Year: 2021
Unit Assessor: Mrs. Vijini Mekala Jayathilake
Assignment Title: Business Interligence.
Issue Date: 05/06/2021
Submission Date: 04/07/2021
Internal Verifier Name:
Date:
Submission Format:
 Students have to submit the WHOLE Assignment work as an Academic report. Soft copy is required in
the day of submission.
 Student need to answer all questions. Referencing is mandatory and no word Limits.
 Any type of academic misconduct will result a “Fail”. Final grade - fail, pass, merit or distinction depend
on the quality and number of questions answered.
Unit Learning Outcomes:
LO1 Discuss business processes and the mechanisms used to support business decision-making
LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated with business intelligence functionality
LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies.
LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools and technologies for effective decision-making purposes
and the legal/regulatory context in which they are used
Prepared by: Higher Education Qualifications (HEQ) Approved by: HEQ, QDAM (HE)
Version 1.0 – October 2018
DCL 1 – Public (Unclassified)
1
Assignment: Answer all questions.

Q1.
a) Briefly explain the following terms with using suitable examples.
i. Business Process and Supporting Processes
ii. Structured, Unstructured and Semi-structured data
iii. Data Warehouse and Data Mining (P1)
b) Explain the difference between unstructured and semi-structured data within an organization. (M1)
c) Critically evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of using application software as a mechanism for
business processing. (D1)
Q2.
a) Briefly explain the three management levels of an organization. (P2)

b) Explain the types of support available for business decision-making at varying levels within an
organization. (P2)
c) Explain the key features of business intelligence functionality with examples. (M2)
d) Compare and contrast a range of information systems and technologies that can be used to support
organizations at three management levels of an organization. (D2)
Q3.
a) Explain what business intelligence is with examples. (P3)
b) Explain the tools and techniques associated with business intelligence (P3)
c) Design a business intelligence tool, application or interface that can perform a specific task to support
problem-solving or decision-making at an advanced level. (P4)
d) Use the file “DATA SET-Assignment”. It has data sheet named “data-Q3(d)”. Using that data sheet
answer the following questions.
a. Shows the revenue in Germany and the US throughout the years
b. Analyze the data from Germany first and, then, do a slice on country.
c. Shows the revenue by drill down to the sales organization (M3)
e) Consider the following data tables (Table A, B & C) draw a 3D Data Cube and mention all the sales
details in the Cube. (M3)
COLOMBO – SALES GAMPAHA - SALES GALLE - SALES

Time Car Bike Van Bus Time Car Bike Van bus Time Car Bike Van bus
Q1 200 355 150 40 Q1 80 100 30 20 Q1 100 145 25 10
Q2 125 200 100 20 Q2 100 200 50 20 Q2 150 132 60 30
Q3 175 230 67 34 Q3 175 45 76 26 Q3 100 20 34 45
Q4 100 110 90 12 Q4 90 190 90 12 Q4 100 160 20 14
TABLE- A TABLE- B TABLE- C
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f) Calculate the mean, standard deviation and draw the boxplots of the following frequency distribution.
(M3)
Weekly wages in Rs. No. of persons Weekly wages in Rs. No. of persons
4.5-12.5 4 44.5-52.5 3
12.5-20.5 24 52.5-60.5 5
20.5-28.5 21 60.5-68.5 8
28.5-36.5 18 68.5-76.5 2
36.5-44.5 5
g) You can use Oracle BI demo version free of charge. Study it and provide a critical review of the design
in terms of how it meets a specific user or business requirement and identify what customization has
been integrated into the design. (D3)
Q4.
a) Explain how business intelligence tools can contribute to effective decision-making. (P5)
b) Discover the legal issues involved in the secure exploitation of business intelligence tools. (P6)
c) Conduct research to identify five examples of organizations that have used business intelligence tools
to enhance or improve operations. (M4)
d) Consider the following case study explain how to apply Business Intelligence for this analysis. What an
enterprise firm can do to extend their target audience and make them more competitive within the
market, taking security legislation into consideration. (D4)
Case Study
Suppose your are work as a data analyst. You are recorded data of a Shopping Salesroom of 3-6 months.
Candles are one of the product sell in this shop. It has three kinds of Candles- Candle A, Candle B,
Candle C. On studying of these data, it come to know that sale of Candle C was at peak out of these
three classes. Now on afresh and deep study into these data, it got the outcome that the sale of this
Candle C was maximum between the time intervals of 9 am to 11 am. On further deeper analysis, it
concluded that this specific Candle is the one used in place of worship.
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Pass Merit Distinction
LO-1 - Discuss business processes and the mechanisms used to support business decision-making
P1 Examine, using examples, the terms M1 Differentiate between unstructured D1 Evaluate the benefits and drawbacks
‘Business Process’ and ‘Supporting Processes’. and semi structured data within an of using application software as a
organization. mechanism for business processing.
LO2 Compare the tools and technologies associated with business intelligence functionality
P2 Compare the types of support available M2 Justify, with specific examples, D2 Compare and contrast a range of
for business decision-making at varying the key features of business information systems and technologies
levels within an organisation. intelligence functionality. that can be used to support
organisations at operational, tactical
and strategic levels.
LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies
P3 Determine, with examples, what business M3 Customise the design to ensure that D3 Provide a critical review of the
intelligence is and the tools and techniques it is userfriendly and has a functional design in terms of how it meets a
associated with it. interface. specific user or business requirement
and identify what customisation has
P4 Design a business intelligence tool,
been integrated into the design
application or interface that can perform a
specific task to support problem-solving or
decision-making at an advanced level.
LO4 Discuss the impact of business intelligence tools and technologies for effective decision-making purposes and the
legal/regulatory context in which they are used
P5 Discuss how business intelligence tools can M4 Conduct research to identify D4 Evaluate how organisations could use
contribute to effective decision-making. specific examples of organisations that business intelligence to extend their target
have used business intelligence tools to audience and make them more
P6 Explore the legal issues involved in the enhance or improve operations. competitive within the market, taking
secure exploitation of business intelligence security legislation into consideration.
tools.
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Student Assessment Submission and

Declaration
When submitting evidence for assessment, each student must sign a declaration confirming that the
work is their own.
Student name: Assessor name:
B.H.K. Janindu Bhanuka Mrs. Vijini Mekala Jayathilake
Issue date: Submission date: Submitted on:

06/06/2021 04/07/2021 04/07/2021
Program:
BTEC Higher National Diploma
Unit:
Assignment number and title:

Business Intelligence
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is a particular form of cheating. Plagiarism must be avoided at all costs and students who
break the rules, however innocently, may be penalized. It is your responsibility to ensure that you
understand correct referencing practices. As a university level student, you are expected to use
appropriate references throughout and keep carefully detailed notes of all your sources of materials
for material you have used in your work, including any material downloaded from the Internet. Please
consult the relevant unit lecturer or your course tutor if you need any further advice.
Student Declaration
Student declaration
I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the
consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a false declaration is a form of
malpractice.
Student signature: Janindu Date: 04-Jul-2021
5
Assignment Feedback
Formative Feedback: Assessor to Student
Action Plan
Summative feedback
Feedback: Student to Assessor
Assessor Signature Date

Janindu Bhanuka 04-Jul-2021
Student Signature Date
6
Contents
Assignment Brief (RQF) ............................................................................................. 1
Higher National Diploma in Computing .......................................................................................... 1
Student Assessment Submission and Declaration .................................................... 5
Plagiarism ..................................................................................................................... 5
Assignment Feedback.................................................................................................. 6
List of Figures .............................................................................................................. 9
List of Charts ................................................................................................................................ 9
List of Equations .......................................................................................................................... 9
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... 9
Acknowledgement...................................................................................................... 11
Task 01 ........................................................................................................................ 12
Task 1.1.1 Business Processes & Supporting Processes ................................................................ 12
Business Processes ..................................................................................................................... 12
Supporting Processes ................................................................................................................. 13
Task 1.1.2 Structured, Un-Structured & Semi-Structured Data .................................................... 14
Structured Data .......................................................................................................................... 14
Semi-Structured Data ................................................................................................................. 14
Un-Structured Data .................................................................................................................... 15
Task 1.1.3 Data Warehouse & Data Mining .................................................................................. 15
Data Mining ............................................................................................................................... 15
Data Warehouse ......................................................................................................................... 16
Task 1.2 Difference Between Unstructured & Semi Structured Data ........................................... 17
Task 1.3 Benefits & Drawbacks of Using Application Software as a Mechanism for Business
Processing. ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Task 02 ........................................................................................................................ 20
Task 2.1 Management Levels of Organization .............................................................................. 20
Operational Level Management ................................................................................................. 20
Management Level Management ............................................................................................... 21
Strategic Level Management ..................................................................................................... 21
Task 2.2 The Types of Support Available for Business Decision Making .................................... 22
Strategic Decisions ..................................................................................................................... 22
Tactical Decisions ...................................................................................................................... 23
Operational Decisions ................................................................................................................ 23
Task 2.3 Key Features of Business Intelligence Functionality ...................................................... 24
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Importance of Business Intelligence Features ........................................................................... 26

Task 2.4 Information Systems ....................................................................................................... 26
Management Information Systems ............................................................................................ 26
Decision Support Systems ......................................................................................................... 28
Executive Support Systems ........................................................................................................ 30
Expert Systems ........................................................................................................................... 31
Group Decision Support System ................................................................................................ 32
Task 03 ........................................................................................................................ 33
Task 3.1 Business Intelligence ....................................................................................................... 33
Task 3.2 Business Intelligence Tools & Techniques ..................................................................... 34
Business Intelligence Tools ....................................................................................................... 34
Business Intelligence Techniques .............................................................................................. 37
Task 3.4.1 Data Revenue ............................................................................................................... 39
Task 3.4.2 Data Slicer .................................................................................................................... 42
Task 3.4.3 Drill down Data ............................................................................................................ 43
Task 3.5 Data Cube ........................................................................................................................ 44
Task 3.6.1 Data Mean .................................................................................................................... 45
Task 3.6.2 Data Standard Deviation .............................................................................................. 47
Task 3.6.3 Data Boxplot ................................................................................................................ 49
Task 3.7 Oracle BI ......................................................................................................................... 50
Task 3.3 Business Intelligence Tool .............................................................................................. 52
Task 04 ........................................................................................................................ 54
Task 4.1 How BI Tools Can Contribute to Effective Decision Making ........................................ 54
Task 4.2 Legal Issues Involved in the Secure Exploitation of BI Tools ........................................ 55
Task 4.3 Conduct research to identify five examples of organizations that have used business
intelligence tools to enhance or improve operations. ..................................................................... 57
Task 4.4 Case Study ....................................................................................................................... 59
References .................................................................................................................. 61
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List of Figures
Figure 1 Acknowledgement ............................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2 Business Processors ............................................................................................................. 13
Figure 3 Data Warehouse ................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 4 Differences of Data Types ................................................................................................... 17
Figure 5 Application Software ........................................................................................................... 19
Figure 6 Management Levels ............................................................................................................. 20
Figure 7 Management Levels Hierarchy ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 8 Business Process .................................................................................................................. 25
Figure 9 DSS System ......................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 10 GDSS ................................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 11 BI ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 12 Data Pine............................................................................................................................ 35
Figure 13 SAS .................................................................................................................................... 35
Figure 14 Clear Analytics .................................................................................................................. 36
Figure 15 SAP .................................................................................................................................... 36
Figure 16 DOMO ............................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 17 Slicer .................................................................................................................................. 42
Figure 18 Drill down Data ................................................................................................................. 43
Figure 19 Data Cube .......................................................................................................................... 44
Figure 20 Mean .................................................................................................................................. 45
Figure 21 Oracle BI............................................................................................................................ 51
Figure 22 Information System Security ............................................................................................. 56
List of Charts
Chart 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 40
Chart 2 ................................................................................................................................................ 41
List of Equations
Equation 1 Revenue ........................................................................................................................... 39
Equation 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Equation 3 .......................................................................................................................................... 45
Equation 4 .......................................................................................................................................... 47
List of Tables
Table 1................................................................................................................................................ 40
Table 2................................................................................................................................................ 41
Table 3................................................................................................................................................ 41
Table 4 Standard Deviation................................................................................................................ 48
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Acknowledgement
Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Subject Lecturer and my

Assignment Adviser Mrs. Vijini Jayathilake at the CINEC Campus for giving good guidance and
motivation to me.
Also, in preparing for this project, I could not complete it without the support of my batch
mates. They always direct me to create this project successfully.
My sincere thanks also go to my dearest parents for giving me valuable advice and for giving
me their maximum support to complete this project.
Finally, I would like to say Thank you to the unmentioned people who have guided me,
directly and indirectly, to write this project successfully.
Figure 1 Acknowledgement
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Task 01
Task 1.1.1 Business Processes & Supporting Processes
Business Processes
Imagine you are going to implement a product software to solve an important problem. But you
cannot directly implement that. You have to follow some small steps. They can be,
 Understanding the market demand.

 Finalizing the product outline.
 Develop the backend.
 Develop the frontend and UI.
 Testing the product.
 Solving the bugs and errors.
 Taking feedbacks from the users.
 Improve it further
After following the above mentioned steps your business problem get the solution. This kind of
processes and procedures are called as the business process. The business process is a procedure
which is consists with a series of ordered steps which are decided or made by a group of stakeholders
to achieve their specific business goal of their company. Each single step complete an objective of
that business aim automatically. Another thing is that single step assigned to a specific person which
is responsible to achieve that objective in a specific time frame. That person can be a leader of a team.
So basically the basement of every business process is made by a team. Team is the smallest unit of
every process. There are seven steps in business process life cycle. They are,
1. Define the goals

2. Plan and map the processes.
3. Set business actions and assigned it to the stakeholders.
4. Test the decided processes
5. Implement the decided processes
6. Monitor the implemented processes
7. Repeat the above processes.
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Importance of Business Process

 Business process save the valuable time.
 Business process reduce the opportunity cost.
 Business process increase the efficiency.
Supporting Processes
Every business is not only a single thing. It is a combination of processes and procedures which are
support to the business to achieve their business goal. Human resources management procedures
manage the employees of the business. Financial procedures manage the financial side of the
business. IT procedures manage the IT related things on the business. Likewise there are some kind
of procedures which are not directly support to the business core but without their help the business
cannot grow. The business should grow together with these kind of procedures. Supporting Processes
do not directly involve to provide service or product to their customer. But this processes also help
to the business to create an environment where they can perform better than the primary processes of
the business. That’s why we called these kind of processes as “Supporting Processes”. Supporting
processes are developed to maintain the integrity of the product or the service and to ensure that
products and service procedure comply with pre-determined provisions and plans. Basically, support
processes consists with documentation, configuration management, verification, training, and the
audit procedures. There are five types of supporting process in every business.
1. Casual analysis and resolution.

2. Configuration management.
3. Decision Analysis and Resolution
4. Measurement and Analysis
5. Process and Product Quality Assurance
Figure 2 Business Processors
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Task 1.1.2 Structured, Un-Structured & Semi-

Structured Data
Structured Data
Structured data is data which can be addressed for effective cost analysis. Structural data is created
by using a predefined scheme and it is usually organized into a table format. It secures all the data
that can be stored in the SQL database in a table with rows and columns. That rows and columns are
represent the data and information which are related to a specific purpose. Imagine, a table with a
separate value for each cell. The header line of the table used to describe the value and format of each
column represents how the data is organized by the number. They have connection keys. Also, it can
easily map predesigned areas. Today, that kind of structured data is mostly processed for development
and simple information management. There are three types of structured data. They are RDFa,
Microdata, and JSON-LD.
Semi-Structured Data
Semi structured data is the data which cannot be organized in a proper order or have a tight structural
framework in contact databases, but it has some structured properties or a free hierarchical system.
Semi-structured data consists a text organized into a subject or point or coordinated to a various
levelled programming language, yet its design stays open with no structured. This type of data does
not conform to a specific data model but it has some structure. Also semi structured data cannot store
in rows or in the columns in a data base. Semi structured data includes tags and elements which is
used to bunch the data and describes how the data is stored. Similar semi structured data entities
grouped together and they are organized in a proper order. Examples for the semi structured data are
e-mails, xml files, TCP/IP packets, web pages and binary executables.
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Un-Structured Data
Unstructured data is the information which is not structured in a proper way order. It is usually
consists the text weights such as open survey responses and social media conversations, images,
videos, and audio clips. Unstructured data does not follow traditional data formats. The majority of
new data is generated today as unstructured way. So, prompting the emergence of new platforms and
tools has the ability to manage and analyse it. These kinds of business tools make easier for the
organizations to use the unstructured data for business intelligence and analytics applications. Also,
unstructured data has an internal infrastructure but does not include a pre-determined data format or
scheme. It can be text format or non-text format. This formats can be human generated or
mechanically generated formats. Text type is the most common type of unstructured data. Examples
for unstructured data is business documents, emails, social media, customer feedbacks, web pages,
open ended survey responses, images, audios and videos.
Task 1.1.3 Data Warehouse & Data Mining
Data Mining
Data mining is the analysis procedure of data from different angles and summarize that analysed data
as a useful information. Modern organizations are use these large amounts of data as a important part
of the implementation of business information systems. This analysed data is normally used for the
transaction and current status reporting purposes of the organizations. Data mining also includes the
data statistics, artificial intelligence, machine learning languages and advance modelling techniques
because to get an idea for the future business trends and to identify their customer behaviour patterns.
The get predictions from the large databases and other types of data resources. There are two critical
success factors in data mining. They are well integrated large database and a clear understanding of
the business process for data mining. Data mining examples in different industries are mentioned
below.
 In Marketing – Data Mining is used to improve the market segmentation.

 In Banking – Data mining used to understand the market risks.
 In Medicine – Data mining used to enable the more accurate diagnostics.
 In Television & Audio – Data mining used to measure their audience. (Data Mining,
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Data Warehouse
A data warehouse is a technique which has an aim to store the important data and can be linked and
displayed. A data warehouse that includes data from many data resources and it gives the ability to
users to inhabit on records which respond to a specific requests. The difference between a normal
trading systems in normal day to day operations is that data warehouse is merged to protect a large
amount of interconnected and sequential data for verifications and reviews. Also the warehouse has
ability to restore and authorized the pas data to link such past data over a period of time using a
specific rule. A data warehouse is a structured extension setup. It is designed to break down the non-
fake data and translate it on a logical and varied basis to align itself with the commercial organization.
There are main three types of data ware houses. They are enterprise data warehouse, operational data
store and data mart. There are four components in data warehouse. They are load manager, ware
house manager, query manager and end user access tools. Data warehouse examples in different
industries are mentioned below.
 In Banking – Data warehouse used to manage the resources available on desk effectively.
 In Healthcare - Data warehouse used to generate patient’s treatments reports, medical aid
services etc.
 In Telecommunication - Data warehouse used to product promotions.
Figure 3 Data Warehouse
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Task 1.2 Difference Between Unstructured & Semi

Structured Data
When we consider about the technology of the unstructured data that data is based on the character
and binary data types. But semi structured data is based on the Extensible Mark-up Language (XML)
or Resource description Framework (RDF) technologies. When we consider about the transaction
management of the unstructured data that type of data has no transaction management method and it
has no concurrency. Concurrency is the fact of two or more circumstances happening at the same
time. But semi structured data transaction is adapted from database management systems are not
matured. Also, when we consider about the version management of the unstructured data that data
versioned as a whole. But semi structured data has a possibility to versioning the data over the tuples
or the graphs. When we consider about the flexibility of the unstructured data, that data is more
flexible than the semi structured data. The semi structured data is flexible but it is not flexible than
the unstructured data. It is flexible than the structured data. When we consider about the scalability
of the unstructured data that data is more scalable than the semi structured data. The semi structured
data is scalable but it is not scalable than the unstructured data. It is scalable than the structured data.
When we consider about the query performance of the unstructured data that data is only possible for
the textual queries. But semi structured data is possible for the quires over the anonymous nodes.
(Naeem, 2020)
Figure 4 Differences of Data Types
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Task 1.3 Benefits & Drawbacks of Using Application

Software as a Mechanism for Business Processing.
Application software is the type of programming method that it executes according to the client
demand. The frame programming provided a platform for the application programming. High level
local language machines do not compile the programming. It is a special purpose programming. An
important point to consider is, it is extremely comprehensive. It is more or less the same. In that sense,
any client program is often referred to as an application. There are five types of application software.
1. Enterprise Resource Planning Software - This type software helps us to take care of specific
corporate aspirations. These type of software are often used in a large commercial enterprise
settings.
2. Content Access Software Program - This type software is used to access content in a special
way without any modification of the content.
3. Educational Software Program - This type software is tailored to the needs of students and
educators. Some of the games protected in that software program are counterfeit checks,
assignments, progress tracking, and so on.
4. Collaborative Microsoft Software Program - This type software is are regular net-based, more
than 1-character software programs.
5. Enterprise Infrastructure Software - This type software supports software systems within an
employer.
There are some advantages of application software to the business processes. Their single most
prominent good position is that application software meets accurate and exact needs of the customer.
Since it's arranged unequivocally considering one explanation, customer understands that he should
use one express programming to fulfil his task. Business that goes with it can limit access and may
consider expects to screen their association also. Standard updates from software engineer for
licensed application writing computer programs were gotten with reasoning of prosperity. Also,
software engineer moreover reliably sends staff to correct any issues which may rise occasionally.
Probability of contaminations assaulting hand created ventures might be pretty much nothing, as long
as any business that goes with it can restrict access and should give you system to get their area as
well. Also application software meets the specific necessities of the client. Since they are planned
explicitly considering one reason, the client realizes that he needs to utilize one explicit programming
to achieve his errand. The danger of infections attacking hand crafted applications is tiny, since any
business that joins it can limit get to and can concoct intends to secure their organization also.
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Licensed application programming gets ordinary updates from the designer for security reasons.
Furthermore, the designer likewise consistently sends faculty to address any issues that may emerge
every once in a while. (John Baker, 2004)
As a two sides of a coin application software has advantages and also disadvantages for the business
processes. Making application programming planned to satisfy express purposes can convince be
exceptionally over the top for the software engineers. This can impact their monetary arrangement
and their revenue source, especially if an unnecessary proportion of time is spent structure up an item
that isn't all things considered commendable. Application programming that is used consistently by
various people of us, by then shared on web, passes on a really real threat of pollution by a bug or
other malicious tasks. Making them are a couple of things that takes a spread of our time since it
wishes dependable correspondence among the software engineer and subsequently supporter. This
concedes entire creation procedure, which could exhibit to be frightful several cases. Some
application software programs planned explicitly for a specific business endeavour probably won't
be very much coordinated with various software. This is something that can demonstrate to be the
primary hindrance for some agencies. Creating and developing the application software is something
that takes lot of time, since it needs consistent correspondence between the software engineer and the
client. This defers the whole creation measure, which can end up being destructive sometimes.
Application software that is used commonly by numerous people, and shared on the web, conveys a
real danger of infection by virus or other malicious threats. (geeksforgeeks, 2020)
Figure 5 Application Software
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Task 02
Task 2.1 Management Levels of Organization
The management levels of organization is the

line of division between different
administrative situations in an organization.
As the size of the organization and labour
force, the number of levels in management
levels alongside it. The number of
management levels can decide the hierarchy
of leadership inside an association, just as the
measure of power and ordinarily dynamic
impact accumulated by every single
administrative position. Basically, there are
main three types of management levels in an
organization. They are,
Figure 6 Management Levels
1. Operational Level Management
2. Management Level Management
3. Strategic Level Management
Operational Level Management

Operational level of a company is situated at the lowest level of the management hierarchy. In this
management oversee employees directly. Managers of this level we can called them as first level or
frontline managers, supervisors, or team leaders. Operation managers are responsible for the day-to-
day operations of the organization which directly affect the company's external customers. This
determines the level of operational management for the success of an organization's strategic and
competitive goals. Operation level managers should answer to the middle level management, who
give the first line strategic objectives and plans. It's dependent upon operational managers to make
an interpretation of these objectives to short term objectives and plans that will at last satisfy the
assumptions for middle administration. (Johnson, 2018)
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Management Level Management

Middle level or the management level management is also called as the executory level, they are
subordinates of the top level management and this level of management is liable for the organization
and direction of the low-level management. They represent the high level management for the
exercises of their departments. The middle level supervisors are semi-executives and are made up of
the departmental directors and branch administrators. They could be divided into senior and junior
middle level management if the association is large. They organize the obligations of the sub-unit of
the firm and access the proficiency of lower-level managers. The middle level managers are
accountable for the work and preparing of the lower level management. They are the communicators
between the high level and the lower level as they move data, reports, and other information of the
undertaking to the top level. (Kukreja, 2018)
Strategic Level Management

Strategic Level Management is the top level of the organization management hierarchy. They arrange
strategies and implement that. The high level management is include the admin level persons of the
organization such as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the Chief Financial
Officer (CFO) and the Chief Operating Officer (COO) or the Presidents and the Vice Presidents of
the departments. The top level management control and monitor the management objectives and
strategies. They apply control and coordination of the multitude of departments of the firm as they
sort out the few branches of the undertaking which would incorporate their financial plan, methods,
and plans. Top level management is responsible to the shareholders for the organization. (KENTON,
2021)
Figure 7 Management Levels Hierarchy
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Task 2.2 The Types of Support Available for Business

Decision Making
Decision making is an important part of modern administration procedure of an organization.

Basically, Rational or trustworthy decision making is taken as essential part of the management. Each
manager takes a great many decisions subliminally making it as the key point in the role of a manager.
Decisions play important parts as they decide both hierarchical and management tasks. A choice can
be characterized as a game-plan deliberately browsed a bunch of decisions to fulfill hierarchical or
management destinations or objectives. Decision making interaction is nonstop and key segment of
dealing with any organization or business activities. Decisions are made to support the tasks of all
business exercises and authoritative working. Decisions are made at each degree of the managers to
guarantee authoritative or business objectives are accomplished. Furthermore, the decisions make up
one of center useful qualities that each association receives and executes to guarantee ideal
development and drivability as far as managements and additionally items advertised. There are main
three types of decisions which are support to get effective decisions by the organizational
administrators. They are,
1. Strategic Decisions
2. Tactical Decisions
3. Operational Decisions
Strategic Decisions
Strategic Decisions are the decisions which concerned about the entire situation in which the firm
works, the whole assets and individuals who structure the organization and the interface between the
two. Strategic decisions have significant asset propositions for an organization. These decisions might
be worried about having new resources, sorting out others or reallocating others. Strategic decisions
manage fitting authoritative resource capacities with the dangers and openings. Strategic decisions
manage the scope of organizational tasks. It is about what they need the organization to like and to
be about. Strategic decisions include a difference in significant kind since an organization works in
consistently evolving environment. Also, strategic decisions are not the same as administrative and
operational choices. Admin choices are normal decisions which help or rather work with strategic
decisions or operational decisions. Operational decisions are specialized decisions which help to
execute the strategic decisions. To reduce the cost is a strategic decision which is accomplished
through operational decision of decreasing the amount of workers and how we do these decreases
22
will be admin choice. Strategic decisions are at the top most level, are questionable as they manage
the future and it involves to a lot of risk. (managementstudyguide.com, 2019)
Tactical Decisions
Tactical decisions are related to the implementation of the strategic decisions. They are coordinated
towards creating divisional plans, organizing work processes, setting up appropriation channels,
procurement of resources such as men, materials and cash. These tactical decisions are taken at the
middle level management of the organization. Tactical decisions mainly consider on the higher
perspective and the present time and place. When making the tactical decisions, the organization all
in all is included. Tactical decisions give the permission to an organization to assess its framework
and how it works and make changes as needs be in future. Before getting a tactical decisions, the
organizational director board investigates the information which is provided and decides a implement
a effective procedure to accomplishing a particular objective that will straightforwardly and quickly
advantage to the organization. (Writer, 2020)
Operational Decisions
Operational decisions are very helpful for any type of organization. These include the day by day
business decisions that are done in high volume by each business. At the point when a client contacts
your business, submits a request, or does any type of collaboration, it includes operational decisions.
This kind of decision is very important for each organization, regardless of what size, as a result of
how frequently they are made. When taken exclusively, their worth isn't just about as high as different
decisions since it normally includes single transaction or client. However, this information turns out
to be very important. At the point when you consider a decision that has been made great many times
each year, its worth increments and regularly surpasses that of different kinds of choices. It's in the
idea of operational decisions to be effectively repeatable, in light of the fact that one of its essential
characteristic is being predictable at observing characterized rules or rules. (Team, 2015)
23
Task 2.3 Key Features of Business Intelligence

Functionality
There are some key features of the business intelligence functionality. They are described as follows.
Ranking Reports
Ranking reports let you effectively see the best and awful performing features of your
business, from items to advertising efforts to salesmen. You can see rankings across
numerous measurements and determine different standards to focus your outcomes.
What if Analysis
In case you are interested about what a future decisions will give a valuable meaning
for your business, you can run what if analyzation utilizing past data and information
to get an idea about the expected aims and objectives. Tools for imagine a scenario
where investigations give you a target perspective on the threats and prizes implied in
every possible choice, and permit you to design better for what's to come.
Executive Dashboards
Executive dashboards give to your organization administrators the current status of
your business as diagrams, graphs, summaries and other data reports. That thing give
your organization's administrators to make more brilliant, quicker and better decisions
which are directly effect to the business improvement.
Interactive Reports
Interactive reports gives the clients to combine the huge measures of gathered
information into a wide selections of potential outlooks. Clients can take the benefits
of features such as factual analysis and relapse to unique patterns, unsuitable things
and exceptions in the information.
Geospatial Mapping
Applications utilizing the current location insight can take your data and change it into
graphical and cartographic representations, improving on your geological information.
Basically, deciding what regions are performing better compared to other regions and
which ones need specific consideration about their behaviors or work patterns turns
out to be a lot simpler.
24
Operational Reports
At the end of each day, business intelligence elements like these can give the
executives in your organization a detailed summary of everyday events and give them
the information they need to make critical decisions.
Pivot Tables
Pivot tables can naturally remove huge highlights from a huge, disordered
arrangement of information. They can perform estimations like arranging, checking
or averaging the information put away in one table, and show the summed up
outcomes in another table. Turn tables are fundamental instruments for investigating
data and uncovering covered up patterns.
Ad-hoc Reports
Rather than troubling your IT division with demands for point by point reports, Ad-
hoc reports are one of a few significant highlights of business intelligence that let your
nontechnical end users produce their own reports on the fly. Clients can single out the
components that they wish to be remembered for the report, underlining just those
angles that are applicable to their question.
User Specific Security
If you need to restrict the user access to a special dataset, your business intelligence
tool permit you to customize your business intelligence highlights and applications to
people or gatherings of clients. A few arrangements give client explicit information
sources, where a solitary application pulls from various information depends upon
who's utilizing the application. (Conrad, 2015)
Figure 8 Business Process
25
Importance of Business Intelligence Features

1. Increase the operational efficiency.
2. Increase the revenue.
3. Increase the customer satisfaction
4. Lower Margins.
5. Fast & accurate reporting
6. Identify the market trends
7. Valuable business insights.
8. Competitive analysis
9. Better data quality
10. Efficient and accurate decisions
Task 2.4 Information Systems
Management Information Systems

Overview
The Management Information System (MIS) is a modernized data set of financial data coordinated
and modified so that it produces standard reports on tasks for each degree of the executives in an
organization. It is generally likewise possible to get some special extraordinary reports from the
framework without any problem. The key reason for the Management Information Systems is to give
managers input about their own performance and top administration can give their feedbacks to it.
Data showed by the Management Information Systems is realistic information over against arranged
results and results. These results estimates the progress against the organizational objectives. The
Management Information Systems gets information from organization units and capacities. Some of
the information are gathered consequently from PC connected at registration counters and other
information are entered in at periodic intervals. Routine reports are prearranged and run at intervals
or on request while others are gotten by the inbuilt query languages. Implementing the daily reports
that aggregate unique data points is a major contribution of Management Information Systems.
However, that feature comes at a significant cost. Implementing Management Information Systems
is an expensive investment because we have to purchase the hardware and software as well as
integrating with existing systems. Also we have to do a training program to the staff. We can get hard
copy and soft copy reports as well as the user developed reports. (Anon., 2015)
26
Features
System Approach
Management Oriented
Need Based
Exception Based
Future Oriented
Integrated
Long Term Planning
Sub system concept
Central Database
Components
 Web Content Management
 Document Management
 Records Management
 Digital Assets Management
Advantages
 MIS increase the customer satisfaction

 MIS improve the quantity and quality of information
 MIS improve the quality and quantity management decisions
 MIS improve the responsiveness number of the competitor’s condition
 MIS improve the operational efficiency and flexibility
 MIS improve the quality of internal and external communications
 MIS improved the quality of planning
 MIS improve the quality control and supervision
Disadvantages
 Some MIS do not work together.
 Limited resources for purchasing, deploying and MIS.
(Weedmark, 2019)
27
Decision Support Systems

Overview
The Decision Support System (DSS) is a data framework that guides a business in dynamic exercises
that require judgment, assurance, and an arrangement of activities. The information system helps the
mid-level and top level management of an organization by breaking down huge volumes of
unstructured information and adding the data that can assist with solve the issues. A Decision Support
Systems are either human controlled, mechanized or a combination of both. A decision emotionally
supportive network produces definite data reports by gathering and analysing the gathered
information. So, a Decision Support Systems are not quite the same as a typical activities application,
whose objective is to gather information and not investigate it. In an organization, a Decision Support
Systems is utilized by the operational departments which gathers information and makes a report that
can be utilized by managers for strategic decisions. For the most part, a Decision Support Systems
are utilized in deals projection, for stock and activities related information, and to introduce data to
clients in a straightforward way. (SEGAL, 2021)
Features
Adaptability and flexibility
High level of Interactivity
Ease of use
Efficiency and effectiveness
Complete control by decision-makers
Ease of development
Extendibility
Support for modeling and analysis
Support for data access
Standalone, integrated, and Web-based
28
Advantage
 DSS increases the control, competitiveness and capability of futuristic decision making of
any organization.
 DSS facilitates interpersonal communication.
 DSS encourages learning or training.
 DSS helps automate managerial processes.
Disadvantages
 Difficulty in Quantifying All the Data
 Unaware of Assumptions
 System Design Failure
 Difficulty in Collecting All the Required Data
 Information Overload
 Cost of Development (Juneja, 2014)
Figure 9 DSS System
29
Executive Support Systems

Overview
The Executive Support Systems (ESS) is a programming device that allows you to transform your
organization’s valuable information into valuable summarized reports. These reports are for the most
part utilized by top level managers for speedy admittance to reports coming from all organization
levels and departments. Also giving fast admittance to coordinated information from departments,
some Executive Support System equipments additionally give investigation devices that predicts a
progress of execution results. This sort of Executive Support Systems are valuable to the top
management level persons as it gives potential results and speedy reference to insights and numbers
required for strategic decisions. The specific revealing instruments and result of an Executive Support
System totally relies upon the Executive Support System Designer and it is proposed industry use.
Features
Easy to use
Summarizing, filter and obtained detailed data
Can integrate external and internal data
Provide trend analysis
Exception reporting
Drill down capabilities
Advantages
 Better understanding
 Time management
 Instruments of change
 Increased executive time horizons.
 Ability to analyze trends
Disadvantages
 Functions are limited
 Hard to quantify benefits
 Executive may encounter information overload
 System may become slow
 Difficult to keep current data (Anon., 2018)
30
Expert Systems
Overview
The Expert Systems is the sort of data information framework which works with the PC to make ideas
and decisions such as a specialist in a particular field, help to improve the performance of the beginner
user. It is basically information and data based data framework. Also expert systems are a part of
artificial intelligence which is help to the non-experts to find solutions for complex issues. The
components of an expert system are a knowledge base and software modules that perform conclusions
on the knowledge and give answers to the problems of users. Also, expert systems provide solutions
to issues in a very specific area by making human like conclusions about knowledge included in a
specialized knowledge base. These expert systems can provide decision support to the end users in
the form of advice from an expert consultant in a specific area. Expert systems are being used in many
different fields such as medicine, engineering, the physical sciences, and business. Also, expert
systems now help diagnose illnesses, search for minerals, analyse compounds, recommend repairs,
and do financial planning. The expert systems can support either operations or management activities.
It is capable of analysing the user’s problem and can design a business model appropriate to the
characteristics of the application. Based on the business model necessary objectives and constraints
are identified. Also, it identifies appropriate tools to solve the model. (Bhat, 2020)
Features
Advising for the issues
Assistance in human decision making process
Demonstrations and instructions
Diagnosis procedure
Results Predicting
Justification of conclusions
Advantages
 Availability
 Less Production Cost
 Speed
 Less Error Rate
 Low Risks Steady response
31
Disadvantages
 Difficult knowledge acquisition
 Maintenance cost is high
 Development cost is high
 Follow only to specific domains.
 Requires constant manual updates
 It is incapable of providing logic behind the decisions.
Group Decision Support System

Overview
A Group Decision Support System is an intelligent computer based framework that works with
various decision makers in discovering solutions for issues that are unstructured in nature. They are
planned so that they take contribution from various clients communicating all the while with the
frameworks to show up at a choice collectively. The tools and techniques of the group decision
support systems develop the effectiveness and quality of the group. (Kukreja, n.d.)
Figure 10 GDSS
32
Task 03
Task 3.1 Business Intelligence
Business intelligence is a set

of procedures, architectures
and technologies that
convert raw data into
meaningful valuable
information that leads to
profitable business
operations. Also, it is a set of
software and services that
translate data into active
intelligence and knowledge.
It consists with data
Figure 11 BI
visualization, business
analytics, data mining, data tools and best practices. Business Intelligence tools analyze various data
sets and represent the analyzed findings via charts, graphs, maps, reports and dashboards. Business
Intelligence gives us many benefits. As a result of business intelligence we can recognize valuable
paths to increase our business profits. We can analyses our customer behavior. We can compare our
business data with our competitors. So, it will help us to identify our status at the business world with
our competitors. Also, we can identify our risks and weaknesses from the business intelligence. So,
we can find solutions to the identified risks and we can search ways to eliminate our weaknesses.
Business Intelligence converts data into usable and meaningful information. Raw data does not tell
us what to do in the business alone. Business Intelligence systems give us ability to completely
analyses data to identify important trends that can be used to change or implement strategic plans.
Also, business intelligence allows you to develop marketing and sales intelligence. Another thing is
business intelligence tools help to gather and analyses customer buying behaviors. It will help us to
get better knowledge about customer aspects. (Colavito, 2017)
33
Task 3.2 Business Intelligence Tools & Techniques
Business Intelligence Tools

Business Intelligence Tools are kinds of use application software which gather and interaction with
a lot of unstructured data and information from inward and outward frameworks such as books,
diaries, reports, wellbeing records, pictures, documents, email, video, and other business resources.
While not as adaptable as business investigations, business intelligence tools give a method of
accumulating data and information to discover data fundamentally via inquiries. These devices
likewise help get ready information for analyse with the goal that you can make reports, dashboards,
and information perceptions. The outcomes enable to the employees and employers to speed up their
daily work and improve dynamic, increment operational productivity, pinpoint new income
possibilities, identify market patterns, report veritable key performance indicators, and recognize new
business opportunities. Basically, business intelligence tools utilized for more direct questioning and
announcing of business information, business knowledge devices can consolidate a wide arrangement
of information investigation applications including impromptu examination and questioning,
endeavour detailing, online logical handling (OLAP), versatile BI, constant BI, operational BI, cloud
and programming as a help BI, open-source BI, community BI, and area insight. It can likewise
incorporate information perception programming for planning diagrams, just as apparatuses for
building BI dashboards and execution scorecards that show business measurements and KPIs to
rejuvenate organization information in straightforward visuals. (Anon., 2014)
Features of Business Intelligence Tools
 BI Platform Type
 Supported Data Sources
 Standard Reporting
 Ad-Hoc Reporting
 Report Output and Scheduling
 Data Discovery and Visualization
 Access Control and Security
 Mobile Capabilities
 APIs / Embedding
34
Data Pine Business Intelligence Tool
Data Pine is a business intelligence application software tool which allows you to interface your
information from different sources and investigate with cutting edge analytics tools. With your
analyzation, you can make an amazing business dashboard, create standard or customizable reports
or incorporate business alerts to get informed of anomalies and targets. Also, this tool offers
highlights for both progressed clients like information specialists and normal business clients. The
SQL mode empowers experts to make their own questions while, then again, the natural simplified
interface guarantees an outwardly instinctive method of entering your qualities and making incredible
outlines and dashboards, just by utilizing successful visual investigation. (Anon., 2018)
Figure 12 Data Pine
SAS Business Intelligence Tool
SAS Business Intelligence is

a product tool arrangement
offering various items and
advances for information
researchers, text analysists,
information engineers,
determining investigators,
econometricians, and
enhancement modellers,
Figure 13 SAS
35
among others. Established during the 70s, SAS Business Intelligence appreciates a long custom on
the lookout, constructing and extending its items consistently. SAS offers a different business
intelligence products and technologies which are focused on visual data exploration and easy
analytics, interactive reporting and dashboards, collaboration, and android mobile applications.
Clear Analytics Business Intelligence Tool
Clear Analytics is an information

investigation tool which empowers little to
middle level business clients to play out an
assortment of self-administration analysis
inside an excel based climate. The stage is
equipped for combining information from
different information sources paying little
mind to in the event that they are on the cloud
Figure 14 Clear Analytics or on-premises. Non-specialized business clients have secure unprepared
admittance to information covered in data sets, and they can assemble impromptu reports. Also, this
tools can distribute information to Microsoft's Power BI Cloud Portal to make dashboards accessible
on the web or on cell phones. It is accessible via telephone, live talk, on the web or a rich arrangement
of online guidance recordings. (Chris, 2015)
SAP Business Objects Business Intelligence Tool
SAP Business Objects is a business

intelligence tool intended for extensive
detailing, analyse, and information
representation. They give office
reconciliations with Excel and PowerPoint
applications where you can make live
introductions and half and half analyses that
interfaces with their on-reason and cloud
SAP frameworks. They are focused around
Figure 15 SAP
business classes. More than 170 million clients influence SAP across the world. (Anon.,
2018)
36
DOMO Business Intelligence Tool
Domo is a business intelligence tool which is

included numerous frameworks that are
highlighted in this stage, beginning with
interfacing the information, and getting done
with broadening information with
prefabricated and custom applications from
the Domo Appstore. So, you can utilize Domo
application for your information lakes, and
stockrooms. Like different instruments, you
can interface the information across your
undertaking, use their artificial intelligence
and man-made responsiveness abilities while
empowering clients to investigate the
information all alone.
Figure 16 DOMO
Business Intelligence Techniques
OLAP
It can just be characterized as automatic investigation of information stockroom or information shop

information to yield significant business knowledge. OLAP gives multidimensional, summed up
perspectives on business information and is utilized for detailing, examination, demonstrating and
making arrangements for advancing the business. OLAP methods and tools can be utilized to work
with information stockrooms or information shops intended for modern venture insight frameworks.
These frameworks interaction questions needed to find drifts and break down basic elements.
Revealing programming creates amassed perspectives on information to keep the administration
educated about the state of their business. (Anandarajan, 2004)
37
Data Mart
Data Marts are intended to work with end user investigation of information. It's anything but a
solitary, scientific application utilized by a division or a unit in a business. An information store as
portrayed by is an assortment of branches of knowledge coordinated for choice help dependent on
the necessities of a given division. It's anything but a specific business work, business cycle or
specialty unit. The information store of every office is explicit to its own necessities and is advanced
for access. Another thing is the information store for a office is simply like the information shop of
another office. Maybe in particular, the individual divisions own the equipment, programming,
information and projects that comprise the information shop. Like information stockrooms,
information shops contain operational information that helps business specialists to plan dependent
on examinations of past patterns and encounters. The key distinction is that the formation of an
information store is predicated on a particular, predefined need for a specific gathering and setup of
select information. (Anandarajan, 2004)
Data Mining
Data mining is the analysis procedure of data from different angles and summarize that analysed data
as a useful information. Modern organizations are use these large amounts of data as a important part
of the implementation of business information systems. This analysed data is normally used for the
transaction and current status reporting purposes of the organizations. Data mining also includes the
data statistics, artificial intelligence, machine learning languages and advance modelling techniques
because to get an idea for the future business trends and to identify their customer behaviour patterns.
The get predictions from the large databases and other types of data resources. There are two critical
success factors in data mining. They are well integrated large database and a clear understanding of
the business process for data mining.
38
Data Warehouse
A data warehouse is a technique which has an aim to store the important data and can be linked and
displayed. A data warehouse that includes data from many data resources and it gives the ability to
users to inhabit on records which respond to a specific requests. The difference between a normal
trading systems in normal day to day operations is that data warehouse is merged to protect a large
amount of interconnected and sequential data for verifications and reviews. Also the warehouse has
ability to restore and authorized the pas data to link such past data over a period of time using a
specific rule. A data warehouse is a structured extension setup. It is designed to break down the non-
fake data and translate it on a logical and varied basis to align itself with the commercial organization.
There are main three types of data ware houses. They are enterprise data warehouse, operational data
store and data mart. There are four components in data warehouse. They are load manager, ware
house manager, query manager and end user access tools.
Task 3.4.1 Data Revenue
The Revenue is the value of all sales of goods and services which are identified by a company in a
specific period. Revenue is also called as amount of sales income. Also it forms the beginning of a
company’s income statement and is often considered the Top Line of a business. The expenses are
deducted from a revenue of the company to arrive at its profit or the net income. Find the revenue is
by multiply the number of sales and the sales price or the average service price of the company.
Equation 1 Revenue
Total revenue is very important to every business because it gives business a bigger understanding of
the relationship between pricing and consumer demand for an additional unit of product at any given
time.
"𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐑𝐞𝐯𝐞𝐧𝐮𝐞 = 𝐏𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐞 ∗ 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐢𝐭𝐲 𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐝"
39
Varies types of Revenues in Different Industries
Personal finance
Public finance
 Salaries
 Bonuses  Income tax
 Hourly wages  Corporate tax
 Dividends  Sales tax
 Interest  Duties and tariffs
 Rental income
Corporate finance Non-profits
 Sale of goods  Membership Dues

 Sales of services  Fundraising
 Dividends  Sponsorships
 Interest  Product/service sales
Total
Country Year Revenue Chart Title
US 2007 29,764,202.00
2011 2007
US 2008 27,998,417.63
US 2009 20,845,730.57 2010 2008
US 2010 21,662,670.09 2009
US 2011 21,479,002.46
Table 1
1 2 3 4 5
Chart 1
40
Total
Country Year Revenue Chart Title
GE 2007 22,986,729.12
2011 2007
GE 2008 23,353,620.06
GE 2009 23,590,853.82 2010 2008
GE 2010 25,393,053.24 2009
GE 2011 26,102,295.22
Table 2 1 2 3 4 5
Chart 2
Country
US GE For Further Details Please Refer
Task 3.4.1 Excel.
2007
29,764,202.00 22,986,729.12
2008
27,998,417.63 23,353,620.06
Year
2009
20,845,730.57 23,590,853.82
2010
21,662,670.09 25,393,053.24
2011
21,479,002.46 26,102,295.22
Total 121,750,022.75 121,426,551.46

Table 3
41
Task 3.4.2 Data Slicer
Figure 17 Slicer
For Further Details Please Refer

Task 3.4.2 Excel.
42
Task 3.4.3 Drill down Data
For Further Details

Please Refer Task
3.4.3 Excel.
Figure 18 Drill down Data
43
Task 3.5 Data Cube
Figure 19 Data Cube
For Further Details

Please Refer Task
3.5 Excel.
44
Task 3.6.1 Data Mean
Mean is a fundamental idea in arithmetic and
insights. The mean is the normal or the most widely
recognized worth in an assortment of numbers. In
insights, it's anything but a proportion of focal
inclination of a likelihood conveyance along middle
and mode. It is additionally alluded to as a normal
worth. It's anything but a measurable idea that
conveys a significant importance in account. The
idea is utilized in different monetary fields,

Figure 20 Mean
including yet not restricted to portfolio the executives and business valuation. There are different
ways to measure the mean of a set of values. First one is arithmetic mean. Arithmetic mean is the
total of the sum of all values in a collection of numbers which divided by the number of numbers in
that number collection.(corporatefinanceinstitute.com, 2016).
Equation 2
Second one is Geometric mean. Geometric mean is an nth root of the product of all numbers in a
number collection.
Equation 3
45
Weekly wages in
X=Median(Num1,Num2) No. of persons (F) F(X)
Rs.
4.5-12.5 8.5 4 34
12.5-20.5 16.5 24 396
20.5-28.5 24.5 21 514.5
28.5-36.5 32.5 18 585
36.5-44.5 40.5 5 202.5
44.5-52.5 48.5 3 145.5
52.5-60.5 56.5 5 282.5
60.5-68.5 64.5 8 516
68.5-76.5 72.5 2 145
Total (∑) 90 2821
∑𝐹(𝑋)
Mean =
∑(𝐹)
2821
Mean =
90
Mean = 31.3444444

Task 3.6 Excel.
46
Task 3.6.2 Data Standard Deviation
The standard deviation is a measurement which measures the dispersion of a dataset relative to
its mean.
Equation 4

Task 3.6 Excel.
47
Table 4 Standard Deviation
2
Standard Deviation = 𝑋 − 𝑋
𝛴
𝑁
25031.82
Standard Deviation =
90
278.13133
Standard Deviation =
Standard Deviation = 16.67727

Task 3.6 Excel.
48
Task 3.6.3 Data Boxplot
Figure 21 Data Boxplot

Task 3.6 Excel.
49
Task 3.7 Oracle BI
Today, many organizations have a collection of Business Intelligence tools and applications to enable
specialized experts to gather and analyse the gathered information from a symmetric sources through
different business lines to meet business wide information and analytics requirements for reporting
and monitoring business day to day work and status. The Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation
Suite offers a wide range of capabilities for business intelligence on a single platform. The Oracle
business Intelligence Foundation Suite is a key component of the Oracle Analytics In-Memory
Machine. Today organizations need to be competitive in a rapidly changing economic environment
increasing global competitiveness, reducing product life cycles and increasing data volume. It has not
only the speed up decision making, but become more and more critical to good breeding businesses
without increasing their information technology costs. The ability of an organization to transform a
large amount of data into active intelligence directing innovations and optimizing operations all with
less full ownership. Data based visualizations translate how a system user absorbs and understands
the information. Also, it speeds up their time to appreciate insight and enables them to do better
business decisions. Oracle Business Intelligence Foundation Suite Comes with new visualizations to
help organizations to understand the data within their organization and ensure that all users use it
making decisions based on a single version of the truth. Enterprise business intelligence provides a
wide range of capabilities in addition to providing wealth end user experience. Outlook integrates
fragmented systems into an integrated enterprise vision, while aligning information to real-time and
historical data. Also Oracle BI centrally managed within a common enterprise information model that
ensures the accuracy and integrity of information across all enterprise channels. It remains open,
which means it will be linked to the company's existing middleware architecture and data
infrastructure. Protecting all enterprise information assets is completely secure by Oracle BI. It
supports business intelligence applications that scale from single-node departments to multi-node
enterprise scale solutions regardless of user population. In almost every organization, information in
multiple stores and enterprise applications is intercepted. Through these varied systems, such as
databases, multidimensional sources, and operating transaction systems, the Oracle Business
Intelligence Foundation suite is able to define a single, consistent, and logical view of enterprise
information. It gives the business an integrated, enterprise vision of their information. The Oracle
Business Intelligence Foundation suite provides business users who have access to the information
they need without the assistance of professional analysts because end users work from a unitary,
interpretive perspective on information, they maintain a consistent definition of information, giving
them a self-service approach to analysis across different distribution channels across different
50
sources. Business users only need a single, business-oriented view of their information. Oracle was
the first vendor to offer a complete and integrated solution to a full spectrum of enterprise big data
needs. Oracle Big Data Tool, in association with Oracle Exudate Database Machine and Oracle
Enclitics In-Memory Machine, provides customers with everything they need to access, organize,
analyse and optimize Big Data within their enterprise. Oracle BI presentation services permit users
to define visuals queries by presenting a graphical representation of the query when the user selects
and manipulates columns and adds filters to the query. The Oracle BI interface allows users to enter
logical SQL directly. The results can then be formatted and displayed in the Oracle BI interface. After
the user submits the query, the Oracle BI presentation service sends the logical SQL to the Oracle BI
server. As I mentioned above, it is at this point that very complex requests are generated for the
relevant data sources for the report, such as the integration of contacts and multidimensional queries.
Years of research and experimentation have gone into optimizing these unique queries. (ORACLE
BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE, 2013)
Figure 22 Oracle BI
51
Task 3.3 Business Intelligence Tool
I used Microsoft Power BI tool to design a business intelligence tool. This is my tool criteria.
1. Purpose
a. To unlock sales insights that are not visible before for sales team for decision support
and automate them to reduced manual time sent in data gathering.
2. Stake Holders
a. Sales Director
b. Marketing Team
c. Customer Service Team
d. Data Analytics Team
e. IT Team
3. End Result
a. An automated dashboard providing quick and latest sales insights in order to support
data driven decision making.
b. Dashboard uncovering sales order insights with latest data available.
c. Sale team able to take better decisions and prove 10% cost savings of total spent.
(Sales Insights Data Analysis Project In Power BI, 30-Jun-2020)
For further you can refer my Task 03 folder. I have attached the data bases which I create by my sql
work bench. Also I attached the BI tool also.
52
Figure 23 Data Base ER Diagram
Figure 24 BI Tool
53
Task 04
Task 4.1 How BI Tools Can Contribute to Effective
Decision Making
Business Intelligence is a general term for all tools and processes used to access and analyze data to
better understand the status of the business. For example, create visualizations and reports that support
business operations to get effective and successful decisions to achieve their business aims and
objectives. Normally, business intelligence tools have been used by business specialists to ask
"What's going on?" "Detailed analysis of what causes something to happen, with whom, and what
might happen in the future. Descriptive business intelligence analysis is certainly useful, but it's time
to go beyond the basics and try out a modern business intelligence tools. Business Intelligence tools
provides real time information about your business data with the ability to provide historical and
current views of everything that is happening in your business currently. Instead of waiting for
something to happen and finding a way to fix and prevent it, business tools give the access you to
analyze all your data using processing power. Also, real time analytics is really help you to identify
models using relevant and up to date data and keep them updated with your organization's news.
Furthermore when you collect and interpret real time data, share those results with your employees
more quickly and efficiently than ever before. You will get a complete bigger picture, because you
can safely extract all your data and create visualizations to help you understand it all.
As we have said before data is important, but it can also be confusing. While there are many options
for outsourcing your data analysis, it is prudent to expect someone else to understand your numbers.
One of the key features of today's powerful business intelligence platforms is the ability to provide
real time information to users without a degree in computer science or engineering. Business
intelligence tools allow you to take a more independent approach to analyzing, visualizing, and
projecting future performance with your data, allowing you to get results that you can use. Many
business intelligence tools include integrated interaction and data digging tools that guide your own
data analysis. The best of these tools is that they give the access the user experience to automatically
adapt to your skills, all without waiting for someone to do it. This will help you to use your data as
efficiently as possible and make sense when you need it most. In addition, business intelligence tools
are generally designed with in depth integration with logistics, project management systems, human
resources platforms, and many other major business applications and systems. You can add powerful
54
panels and interactive reports to your internal or public websites and integrate them with existing
websites. This means that when pre-analysis and forecasting is required, the rich database you have
accumulated will no longer be difficult to compile or extract.
We all know that data based decision making is not an option in the modern business landscape. It is
an essential part of running a business and ensuring that your customers are happy and that your
employees maximize the productivity of their activity. Although business intelligence tools are easy
to analyze historical and current data, they are also useful for grasping evolving trends and seasonality
of data to predict future values.
Task 4.2 Legal Issues Involved in the Secure Exploitation

of BI Tools
Business intelligence tools have opened a new era for organizations around the world. By focusing
on data analysis, business owners benefit from lower costs, greater efficiency, and better decision
making in general. When the return on investment, which has never been seen before, appears in the
news regularly, it encourages other companies to do the same and participate in the business
movements. However, many do so without considering all the implications of strategic intelligence
to data security. It is dangerous if data production, receiving, or hosting is not always secure. Those
who link the business intelligence strategy to their operations are at least aware of their data, who
they are and where they are. But knowledge is not the same as security. Analytical information and
business intelligence data are no longer structured 1 and 0 but very sensitive and easy to understand
information that is more useful to hackers. If they can steal data that has already been analyzed, they
are actually stealing the keys to their success.
Information systems are constantly exposed to a variety of threats that can lead to a variety of damages
that can lead to significant financial loss. The damage to information security can vary from a small
loss to a total destruction of the information system. The effects of different threats vary considerably
some affect the confidentiality or integrity of the data, while others affect the existence of a system.
Today, organizations are struggling to understand the threats to their information assets and to find
ways to combat them, which is still a problem. New technology is being released every day. The new
gadgets have some kind of internet access but no security plan. This carries a very serious risk it
means that every insecure relationship is insecure. Cybercriminals use social media as a means of
distributing a complex geographical attack called "water holing." The attackers identify and infect a
cluster of websites that members of the targeted organization believe are coming. Security experts
55
have identified security risks for mobile devices in the early stages of their internet connection.
Among the long list of recent attacks, users are less worried about the amount of unwanted activity
on mobile phones than they need to be. This poses a devastating threat because of our mobile phone
culture and the constant reliance on a handful of targeted cybercriminals. Also, business intelligence
tools come with the permission to customize to suit the needs of the organization. Companies ignore
the importance of properly configuring security settings. Another thing is security software updates
are a basic technology management application and a mandatory step to protect large data. The
software was developed to protect against known threats. This means that no new malicious code will
be detected as it approaches an outdated version of the security software.
There are some laws which are involved to the information system security. They are mentioned as
follows.
 Computer Security Act of 1987

 Federal Privacy Act of 1974
 Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986
Figure 25 Information System Security
56
Task 4.3 Conduct research to identify five examples of

organizations that have used business intelligence tools to
enhance or improve operations.
Business intelligence can add value to almost any business process, creating a broader vision and
empowering teams to analyze their data to find efficiency and make better decisions on a daily basis.
Digital transformation can now be seen as a major strategic initiative. Business intelligence tools have
evolved to give access for the companies to make the most of their data investments. Response is the
rise of modern business intelligence platforms that support data access, interaction, analysis,
discovery, sharing and control. Following five examples, will show you how some specialized big
name companies support modern business intelligence platforms. (tableau.com, 2018)
Des Moines Public School

Des Moines Public School used advanced analytic business intelligence tools to improve the dropout
intervention rate and to better understand the impact of different teaching methods on individual
student outputs. The research and data management team of that school used a multi-line regression
model to weigh students' indicators. They used a business intelligence platform to stimulate the
model. Data visualization made it easier for staff to identify individual, at risk students and get the
attention they needed. Also, the dashboards set up by the research and data management team
provided real time analysis to 7,000 teachers and staff so that they could quickly adapt and intervene,
dramatically improving intervention success rates. (tableau.com, 2018)
REI Company
Cooperative members contribute to the REI company account for more than 90% of purchases with
the retailer, so finding parameters such as purchasing, retention and reactivation is very important.
All this information is equivalent to more than 90TB of data. The ability to analyze all of this data
means that operating teams can decide whether to invest more in their members for brick and mortar
retail or digital experience. This leads to customer satisfaction and positive relationships with the
brand. (tableau.com, 2018)
57
Chipotle Restaurant
Chipotle restaurant retired their traditional business intelligence solution to a modern self-service
business intelligence platform. This enabled them to have a centralized vision of operations and to
monitor the operational efficiency of restaurants on a national scale. Now that staff have more access
to data, reporting speeds for strategic projects have tripled from quarter to quarter, saving thousands
of hours. (tableau.com, 2018)
Hello Fresh
The marketing analysis team of the Hello Fresh saved 10 to 20 hours of work per day by automating
reporting processes through a centralized business intelligence solution. It empowered a large
marketing team to set up regional, privatized digital marketing campaigns. Based on the overall
analysis of customer behavior, Hello Fresh created three buyers to guide their efforts. Being able to
view and track real-time data means that the team can respond to customer behavior and optimize
marketing campaigns. As a result, conversion rates increased and customer retention improved.
(tableau.com, 2018)
Coca Cola
Business intelligence team of the Coca Cola, handles reporting on all of the company's sales and
distribution operations. With their BI platform, the team saves more than 260 hours per year through
automated manual recording processes. Record Automation and other Enterprise Systems
integrations bring customer relationship management data back into the hands of sales teams across
mobile dashboards that provide timely, functional information and a unique competitive advantage.
Implementing a self-service business intelligence enables more effective and productive
collaboration between IT and business users, maximizing the specialize of the participants.
(tableau.com, 2018)
58
Task 4.4 Case Study
A case study is a detailed examination procedure which is conducted for a single person, an
organization, or an event. A case study examines practically every aspect of a person's life and
background in order to find patterns and reasons of behavior. Case studies are useful in many
domains, including psychology, medicine, education, anthropology, political science, and social
work. The hope is that the knowledge learned from one example can be applied to a variety of others.
Unfortunately, case studies are often subjective, making it difficult to extrapolate findings to a larger
population. Let’s go to our case study.
Shopping Sales Room is one of the famous retail shop in wattala area. According to their yearly sales
report we recognized some important facts regarding their sales profit. We are able to identify there
is a sales increase of candles during last six months. But other items are in the same level. As a data
analyst, my job is to do a case study to identify the reason for the sales increase of the candles among
the other items and apply that reason to the other items to increase the sales in this year 2021.
So, I look in to the candle sales. In the Shopping Sales Room shop there are three types of candles.
They are candle type A, candle types B and candle types C. Type A candles are the taper candles
which are commonly used to decorate tables in restaurants and also can used in home decorations. It
gives more light but the buildup wax is melt quickly. Also this type of candles are expensive than the
other types. Type B candles are the rechargeable candles. Mostly this type of candles eliminate the
use of batteries to light up the artificial candles. This type of candles are the most expensive candles
in this retail shop. Type C candles are the worship candles which is mostly used to pray in Churches.
This worship candles are made from the soybean wax which is derived from the soybean vegetables.
It is 100% nontoxic and all ingredients are natural. They are typically long lasting compared to the
other two types. Also when I consider the burning process of this, this worship candles are cleaner
burning with very little soot. It could accumulate black soot but in a mush less amount. It is more cost
effective and cheaper than the other candle types. According to these advantages of the type C
candles, customers are always use to pray. Also there is a church near the retail shop. Another thing
is, I was able to identify a specific time duration which is the time most sales profit of the type C
candles. It is 9.00 am to 11.00 am. It is because it is the first service hour of the church. That is why
the type c candles sales are increased that specific time. These mentioned reasons are the impacts of
the sales increase of candle type C.
59
According to my small research, I made up some conclusions about that. Mostly customers are try to
buy type C candles because of its’ ecofriendly ingredients, longer lit time, cost effectiveness facts.
Another thing is the church is near to this retail shop. So, the customers who are coming to the church
they buy worship candles definitely for their wishes and worships. According to these reasons we
have to buy type c candles more than before. Also, we try open the retail shop at least 8.00 am because
the worship hours are starting at 9.00 am. So, the people come to church from 8.30am. If the retail
shop is closed they cannot buy candles. So, they try another retail shops to buy worship candles.
Another thing is, we have to buy taper candles and rechargeable candles less than the worship candles.
Rechargeable candles are mostly used in restaurants but not at homes. It is very expensive than the
other candle types. Also, people are like to use natural candles than the artificial ones because if they
want to use artificial candles they have another best solution for that. It is lamps. Lamps are same as
the rechargeable candles. Therefore we can buy rechargeable candles less than the worship candles.
It will reduce the buying cost of the candles. With the money we save from that, we can buy more
worship candles and increase our sales profit. Every day of the each month of a year is a birthday of
anyone. Definitely, that persons celebrate their birthday by extinguish the birthday candles and
cutting the birthday cake. So, birthday candle business is a stable and profitable business to every
candle business owner. Therefore we can use birthday candles instead of the tapper candles. It is
really effective method to increase our sales. We can buy colorful and customer attractive various
types of birthday candles to the shop. It will help to increase the sales profit than the previous year.
60
References
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Assignment Brief (RQF) : Higher National Diploma in Computing

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Assignment Brief (RQF)

Student Name/ID Number: Janindu Bhanuka / M19981124006

Unit Number and Title: Assignment 01

Academic Year: 2021

Unit Assessor: Mrs. Vijini Mekala Jayathilake

Assignment Title: Business Interligence.

Issue Date: 05/06/2021

Submission Date: 04/07/2021

Internal Verifier Name:

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies.

Assignment: Answer all questions.

a) Briefly explain the three management levels of an organization. (P2)

COLOMBO – SALES GAMPAHA - SALES GALLE - SALES

TABLE- A TABLE- B TABLE- C

Pass Merit Distinction

LO3 Demonstrate the use of business intelligence tools and technologies

Student Assessment Submission and

Issue date: Submission date: Submitted on:

Assignment number and title:

Student signature: Janindu Date: 04-Jul-2021

Feedback: Student to Assessor

Assessor Signature Date

Importance of Business Intelligence Features ........................................................................... 26

Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Subject Lecturer and my

 Understanding the market demand.

1. Define the goals

Importance of Business Process

1. Casual analysis and resolution.

Figure 2 Business Processors

Task 1.1.2 Structured, Un-Structured & Semi-

Task 1.1.3 Data Warehouse & Data Mining

 In Marketing – Data Mining is used to improve the market segmentation.

Figure 3 Data Warehouse

Task 1.2 Difference Between Unstructured & Semi

Figure 4 Differences of Data Types

Task 1.3 Benefits & Drawbacks of Using Application

Figure 5 Application Software

The management levels of organization is the

Operational Level Management

Management Level Management

Strategic Level Management

Figure 7 Management Levels Hierarchy

Task 2.2 The Types of Support Available for Business

Decision making is an important part of modern administration procedure of an organization.

Task 2.3 Key Features of Business Intelligence

Figure 8 Business Process

Importance of Business Intelligence Features

Task 2.4 Information Systems

Management Information Systems

 MIS increase the customer satisfaction

Decision Support Systems

High level of Interactivity

Efficiency and effectiveness

Complete control by decision-makers

Support for modeling and analysis

Support for data access

Standalone, integrated, and Web-based

 DSS facilitates interpersonal communication.

 DSS encourages learning or training.

 DSS helps automate managerial processes.

 System Design Failure