SOLUTION 8 – SECOND SEMESTER

UNIT VOCABULARY GRAMMAR SPEAKING WRITING

6 1. Useful gadgets 1. WILL & GOING TO * Express your opinion * Writing a formal letter
* WILL -I think … because … A letter of complaint
+ Intentions  Instant decisions made while -In my opinion ,…
TECHNOLOGY you are speaking. because…
Look! There’s Tommy. I’ll go and say hello. - On the other hand, …
……….
+ Predictions : Based on our own thoughts or
2. Phrasal verbs Dear Sir or Madam,
beliefs
__ I am writing to report/complain
- turn on / off / up / down I (don’t) think… * Making arrangements ………………………………..
- put on / off / up / down / away - Requests : Will you + V … ? - What are you up to ? __ ………………………………..
- switch on / off - Offers: Shall I + V … ?
- take off / out ( of …)
- Do you fancy meeting up …………………………
- Promises : I will /won’t + V …
- pick up
in town ? __ I am enclosing ……………….
- Why don’t we meet at the Could you please …. ? / I would
- look at / for / after / up / out *BE GOING TO …? be grateful if you could …. …
+ Intentions - Let’s meet at … .
3.A text education __ I look forward to hearing from
+ Predictions based on what we can see
Call me b4 2moro ; ur gr8 ; @ home ; you .
BTW ; CYA / cu soon ; RUOK ; HAND __ Yours faithfully,
2.Talking about possibility in the present or
( Full name)
future

may ( not ) EX:

might ( not ) + V Write a letter to the manufacturer .
could

3. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
4. Nanotechnology
IBM , submarine, nuclear weapon , a CCTV
TYPE IF Clause Main clause
camera, cure , terrifying , nanobot, tiny,
fantasy ,entire, … ZERO IF s. present - s. present
- Imperative
5. Making arrangements
- meet up ; be up to ; FIRST IF s. present s. future
- by the lifts/ escalators/ stairs / …
Just inside the main doors/ in the coffee bar/ SECOND IF past
… subjunctive would + V
- V –ed could
- V2
- BE  were
EX:
- If you heat water to 1000C , it boils .
- If you look in a broken mirror , you will have
bad luck.
- If I were you , I wouldn’t get that job.
- If I ruled the world , I would prevent famine
and disease in the developing countries.
7 1. Body language
CULTURES * Talking about a festival . *Writing a note replying to an
& invitation
CUSTOMS A. Invitation

beckon to s.o
bow to s.o
shake hands with … 4. Modal verbs
wave at … ; wink at …
pat s.o on the back MUST  necessity * Making invitations
MUSTN’T + V  prohibition
Remember! NEEDN’T  lack of necessity
Superstitions around the world EX: Exercise 5/ p.65 - SB

B. Accepting the invitation

2. An American festival C. Declining the invitation

a fancy-dress parade ( n )
soup kitchen ( n )
distribute … to … ( v )
superstition ( n )
superstitious ( adj) ~ly ( adv)

3.Unusual festivals
+ Compound words:
water throwing/cheese rolling / bull running
EX: ……?….. is a festival in which people
throw water at each other.
- participate ( v ) / participant (n)/
participation ( n )
Be concerned about / be at risk
reduce ( v ) / reduction ( n )
 4. Social activities

8. 1. Global issues
* Noun clauses after WISH * Giving advice * Writing an essay on a global issue
WHAT IF Wishing for unreal thing in the present
…? S + WISH / S + V past subjunctive + … -I think you should /ought to…
Ved / V2 -I don’t think you should/ ought
BE  WERE to…
CAN  COULD
- In my opinion, you should /
We think the three most serious issues for shouldn’t/ …
our country / for the world are … - If I were you , I would /
EX: - I am bad at math. wouldn’t …
2. Talking about the environment  I wish I weren’t bad at math.
3R: Reduce-Reuse-Recycle If I ruled the world, …
 I wish I were good / better at math. I think you should ask him to
global warming ( n ) - She doesn’t know much about computers. pay you back .
fossil fuel ( n ) If I ruled the world , the first thing I’d
 She wishes she knew more about computers.
save energy ( v ) do is ……………………………… .
energy-saving ( adj ) I’d also …………………………….. .
-It takes a plastic bag up to 1,000 years to
decompose. The next thing I’d do is ………………
-The ozone layer stops ultra-violet light ………………………………… .
from the sun.
- Stop polluting rivers or streams. There are some less serious things I’d do
- Don’t use too many pesticides on farms. too. ………………………………
- Pick up rubbish in parks and in the streets. ……………….. . Finally, I‘d ………
- Use recycled paper/ glass / plastic. …………………………. .
- Use public transport instead of cars or
motorbikes.
- Do everything we can to reduce pollution.

3. Disasters
- volcano ( n ) – volcanic ( adj )
erupt ( v ) – eruption ( n ) , lava ( n )
- tidal wave ( n ) = tsunami
wave ( n ) – wave power ( n )
reach ( v ) , attack ( v ) , hit ( v )
destroy ( v )- destruction ( n ) , devastate (v)
– devastation ( n )
predict ( v ) – prediction ( n ) ,
protect ( v ) – protection ( n )
damage ( v ) – ( n ) , collapse ( v )
cause ( v ) , travel ( across …) ,
flood ( n ) – (v) , warn (v) – warning (n)
coast (n ), island (n) , …