Lecture Notes:

6.1 Introduction
STEEL STRUCTURES U s e o f B o lt s in J o in ts

C6. JOINTS

Instructor:
Ngo-Huu Cuong  Dr.Eng., Associate Professor
Dept. of Structural Engineering – Faculty of Civil Engineering
University of Technology – VNU-HCM
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CONTENTS Use of Welds in Joints

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Bolted Joints
6.2.1 Bolts in Shear
6.2.2 Bolts in Bearing
6.2.3 Bolts in Tension
6.2.4 Combined shear and tension
6.2.5 Example
6.3 Welded Joints
6.3.1 Simplified Method
6.3.2 Directional Method
6.4 Examples

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 Beam-to-Column Joints Beams splices

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Joints between axially loaded members Joints between beams

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 6.2 Bolted Joints 6.2.1 Bolts in Shear
Shear resistance per shear plane for ordinary bolts

 fub: ultimate tensile strength of the bolt

 M2 = 1.25

 For shear plane passes through the threaded portion:

 A = As: tensile stress area
 For classes 4.6, 5.6, 8.8: v = 0.6; for 4.8, 5.8, 6.8, 10.9: v = 0.5
 For shear plane passes through the unthreaded portion:
 A = A : gross cross section
 v = 0.6

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6.2.2 Bolts in Bearing

 Bearing resistance for ordinary bolts
 d: bolt diameter; t: steel thickness
 fu: ultimate tensile strength of the steel
 M2 = 1.25

 For end bolts: for inner bolts:

 Perpendicular to the direction of load transfer:

 For edge bolts:

 For inner bolts:

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 6.2.3 Bolts in Tension 6.2.5 Example
 Tension resistance:  Data:
 p = 80
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 e1 = 50
 e2 = 50
 As: tensile stress area
 d0 = 22
 k2 = 0.63 for countersunk bolt
 8.8 grade  fub = 800 Mpa
 Otherwise k2 = 0.9
 Steel: t = 20, S355  fu = 510 MPa

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 For edge bolts:

6.2.4 Combined shear and tension

 For end bolts:

 For inner bolts:

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 6.3 Welded Joints Length of Welds
Full penetration butt welds

 Should be taken as the length over which the
 Area of the welded section is not less than that of elements joined.
 Weld metal is usually of higher strength than those of the element joined.
fillet is full-size:
 Butt welds have equal or superior properties to those of elements joined.  usually taken as: l – 2a to include the reductions in
 Partial penetration butt welds weld sizes at start and termination of the weld
Partial penetration butt welds are sometimes used when the weld must be

stronger than a fillet weld, but a full penetration butt weld is not required  A fillet weld with an effective length less than 30
 Effective (throat) thicknesses are less than those of the elements joined. mm or 6 times its throat thickness, whichever is
 To be designed as deep-penetration fillet welds. lager, should not be designed to carry load.
 Fillet welds:
 Simplified Method : EC3-1-8 -- Clause 4.5.3.3
 Directional Method : EC3-1-8 -- Clause 4.5.3.2

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Effective Throat Thickness (ETT) Fillet Weld

 The height of the largest triangle (with equal or unequal
legs) that can be inscrised within the fusion faces and
the weld surface, measured perpendicular to the outer
side of this triangle
 Should not be less than 3 mm

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 6.3.1 Simplified Method (EC3-1-8 –Cl. 4.5.3.3)
 Ultimate strength of the weld is reached when
 fuw: ultimate tensile strength of the weld
 Substituting σw and w into above equation
 Simplification
 fvw,d: design weld resistance per unit length,
 a: effective throat thickness
 fu: minimum ultimate tensile strength of the connected parts
 w: correlation factor for steel type, Table 4.1 EC3-1-8
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6.3.2 Directional Method (EC3-1-8 – Cl. 4.5.3.2)
(less conservative)
 Assuming that: (1) uniform distribution of stress on the throat section
of the weld, (2) the normal stress parallel to the axis of the weld
does not influence the design resistance
 Normal stress perpendicular to the throat
 Shear stress perpendicular to the weld’s axis
 Shear stress parallel to the weld’s axis
 Formulation:
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6.4 Examples
 Appendix 9.9 – Elastic analysis of joints (P. 420)
 Worked examples (from P. 423): 1-5, 7-9
 Unworked examples (P. 431)
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