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Author details
Tushar Tiwari
Amol Pramod Ubale
Founder Directors
A large number of second rung B-schools are far away from being capable of
churning out effective job-ready and globally oriented managers. Although, they
have copied the pedagogy and processes followed by leading global B-schools,
this situation prevails. This fact has been highlighted by different industry
practitioners from time to time. Also, these B-schools are unable to manage the
expectations of their primary customers i.e. students commensurate to the price
paid by them.
This paper has studied 30 Indian B-schools, their students and industry-
practitioners to understand this gap. Some of the attributes responsible for the
include lack of practice-orientation of B-school curriculum - largely due to our
traditional book-oriented education system, student’s socio-cultural background
and their glamorous perceptions about MBA. The study has ascertained a set of
critical skills and processes which will help the B-schools to bridge this gap and
manage expectations of the stakeholders. The paper tries to ascertain innovative
changes desired in their delivery-mechanism to make their programs more
practice-oriented. It discusses a simple action plan based on a pilot project, to
improve their programs in churning out globally-effective managers.
Key Words
Indian B-schools have grown rapidly over last two decades. The wave of
management education which was started in 1950s by setting up off IIMs has
grown many-fold by having 1700 different B-schools across the country. This
number appears to be significantly high, however, considering the current status
of growth in Indian economy and increasing global trend towards MBA as career
boosting tool, there is further room for growth.
However, this is not a unique situation only in India. Across the world, B-schools
have come under severe criticism owing to different factors. Indian B-schools are
often compared to their global peers on different factors and various studies have
attributed failure of the B-schools on various fronts such as lack of “thought
leadership”, Lack of adequate focus on leadership development and soft-skills
( Arain & Tipu) , Lack of employability ( Business standard-2008) and most
importantly inability to imbibe the practice orientation in the curriculum design of
MBA courses (NKC-2008) etc.
This approach, although widely followed by most of the Indian B-schools may
have limitations as follows
• One may observe that most of the above mentioned factors are
dependent on different socio-economic aspects which vary vastly in India
compared to other developed countries. Hence, it is obvious that Indian B-
schools need different remedies to treat their woes. The current approach
of copying their western counterparts on case-study based curriculum or
academic programs may be successful to a limited extent for the best of
the B-schools and may not help the second rung B-schools. In the next
section of this paper, this socio-economic difference between Indian
conditions and developed counterparts is defined to understand this point
in a better manner and direct the research accordingly.
In this paper, a pragmatic approach has been adopted to figure out focus areas
which can be addressed at the B-school level. The objective of this research is to
figure out some immediate actionable which will help improving the output quality
and in the longer run prepare help addressing most of the above mentioned
issues.
The uniqueness of any management institution (or for that matter any
educational institution) is in the fact that it caters to two sets of primary
customers. –
Customers have defined the service delivery model for Indian B-schools.
However, there seems to be an apparent gap in expectations of each of the
above from the B-schools. As numerated by different studies the quality of B-
school graduates is not commensurate with the industry expectations (NKC-
2008). This gap exists with an equal significance as far as local Indian and
multinational companies are concerned. Of course, it is more profound in the
second rung of B-schools i.e. all the B-schools beyond first 15% of the quadrant.
The model obviously needs a change. It becomes even more complex as the
above expectations are a result of interaction of both the above stakeholders with
the other elements that help to completely define this spectrum of management
education.
In this paper , the authors try to alter the existing service delivery models of
second rung Indian B-schools in such a manner that key stakeholders can derive
a greater level of satisfaction and result in more value creation for the society.
Methodology
This research is conducted in two stages carried out over a period of 3 months in
India.
The following discussion guide was used for conducting the interview – Main
headings indicate the broad objectives followed by questions associated with the
same.
Industry experts feel that students mainly lack on the following important skill-
sets which a B-school should really focus on in their curriculum
While most of the respondents have praised initiatives like summer trainings,
visiting faculty lectures, mentorship programs, co-curriculum activities and
out of the campus projects etc. They were annoyed with the expectations of
“readymade solutions” by the students during such activates. Many of the
industry practitioners love to contribute to the above feet but fear that their job of
might not be limited to facilitating these activities and rather gets converted to
“teaching” jobs which is definitely not desirable.
Based on the above inputs, the author devised the second stage of the research
was devised which not only aimed at assessing the student’s views on their own
learning experience but also an objective evaluation of various activities
undertaken by the B-schools to enhance their industry interaction.
Stage 2 - Assessment of student’s experience of industry interaction
followed at the B-school
Sample composition
The sample chosen contained 67 students from 30 Indian B-schools across the
country. The following are some of the key features of the chosen sample
• There were two major categories of the sample students in final year MBA
and those having some work experience post their MBA. As depicted by
the graph below
Year of passing
2011 2007
6% 10%
2008
15%
2010
44%
2009
25%
More than 30
20 to 30 59%
17%
City wise distribution of respondents
20
Respondents
18 Number of B-schools
16
14
12
10
0
Bangalore Delhi Goa Gurgaon Hyderabad Indore Manipal Mumbai Nagpur Nashik Pune
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Bangalore Delhi Goa Gurgaon Hyderabad Indore Manipal Mumbai Nagpur Nashik Pune
Pharm a
Manufacturing /
7%
Cem ent/ autom obile
Cons ultancies FMCG etc
4% 13% 19%
IT/BPO
12%
Treasury /
Investments
14% Others Sales
7% 23%
Strategy and
consulting Marketing
1% 4%
Analytics - MR
HR
6%
7%
IT and Finance
Administration 19%
12%
• Although, a fair representation of all the B-schools across the country was
sought as crucial selection criterion for the sample, the sample is slightly
skewed towards the B-schools from the metro and A grade cities.
• The sample is skewed towards graduates working in sales finance and
investments arena.
Methodology
Parameter 1 ( P1)
P1 – Self realization
Response Remarks
1 I had a "dream job" in my mind at the beginning of my two year MBA program.
The "right job" for a person depends upon his/her personality type and fucntional skills
2 acquired by him / her.
3 An individual's "dream job" and " right job" could be significantly different.
My MBA program offered enough career counseling and industry exposure to help me
4 understand the above difference.
I am fully aware about different kind of jobs and functions available for MBA graduates based
5 on their experience level and specialization.
I am fully aware about different companies, sectors and job profiles available for fresh MBA
6 graduates in the current situation.
My MBA program has helped me to understand my own personality (strengths, weakness and
traits) in a better manner so that I can identify a "target job" which balances of my aspirations
7 and skills.
My MBA program has helped me to improve my personality (strengths, weakness and traits)
8 and acquire skills in a suitable manner so that my target job is close to my dream job.
Response Remarks
I feel confident about the level of practical knowledge I got during my MBA so as work in the
9 industry.
I am confident that my communication skills are well developed to help me in getting entry to
10 my targetted job.
I am confident that my IT skills ( MS Excel, Power point etc.)are well developed to help me in
11 getting entry to my targetted job.
I am confident that my relationship building and interpersonal skills are well developed to help
12 me getting my targetted job and emerge successful.
My MBA program has provided me an opportunity to build suitable contacts with the indsutry
14 practitioners who could work with me as mentor and help me realise my goals.
Such a mentor needs to be different from my faculty members so as to provide me practical
15 guidance on various issues of my concern.
My MBA program shall be more effective if it includes such an industry interaction as a part of
16 our curriculum.
By interacting with industry mentors along with my curriculum, I stand better chance of being
17 well equipped compared to my peers.
Apart from assessing the need of the B-school curriculum changes, it was
estimated that which of the different industry interaction programs can prove to
be extremely effective in grooming students for a global managerial career. It
was estimated by using parameter P2.
Parameter 2 ( P2)
1. Highly effective
2. Effective
3. It was ok ( did not make much difference)
4. Not effective at all
5. Was not at all followed at our B-school
To what extent do you feel that the following initiatives are effective in enhancing
practical understanding of business during the MBA course.Pl specify your comments.
Please use the drop down menu. Response Remarks
a Summer Internship
b Visiting Faculty Lectures
c Industry exposure week
d Short term projects outside the curriculum
e Student festivals / seminars / conferences
f Mentorship programs ( formal )
g Mentorship programs ( informal)
h Alumni interaction
i Others ( Pl specify)
Apart from the above, certain qualitative questions were also asked such
as
Findings
Self realization
There is a complete lack of self-awareness when the student had been through
the MBA program. It seems that most the programs need to emphasize on
making the students realize their own personality in a better manner.
100%
90%
80%
70%
60% Strongly Dis agree
The same story appears to be not so true when it comes to the knowledge about
industry, perceived job exposure as indicated by the respondents. Most of the
MBA programs it seems are doing good job in creating awareness about different
job functions, however, in the wake of poor self realization, it is difficult to
estimate the contribution of a MBA program in using this awareness in the best
possible manner. This response is measured only for those students who are
currently in the final year only.
Job awareness
Strongly
Disagree Neutral
Strongly 6% 21%
Agree
30%
Slightly
Slightly
agree
disagree
32%
11%
Important skills (Practical knowledge, communication skills, IT skills &
relationship skills)
Students have a very high self perception about different skills possessed by
them vis-à-vis industry expectations. However, this notion needs to be judged
with another important factor which is based on sample composition. This is
either based on their own understanding about the businesses or likely to be a
fall-out of experienced respondents who might have acquired these skills over
the period of their working life of more than 2 -3 years.
As depicted by graph below, students perceive that they are acquiring requisite
skills in their B-school programs, which is contradictory to the industry
perception.
100%
90%
80%
70%
Strongly Dis agree
60%
Strongly Agree
50%
Slightly dis agree
40% Slightly agree
30% Neutral
20%
10%
0%
Practical Com m unication IT s kills Relations hip
knowledge s kills building s kills
We then tried to correlate these findings with the industry interaction practices
followed by different B-schools and tried to judge their perceived effectiveness.
Effectiveness of various industry interaction programs
It was found that while most of the industry interaction programs are perceived to
be effective by the students, summer projects are extremely important.
However, industry has a different perception about the same. Some of the
programs such as mentorship programs are not followed at majority of the B-
schools but as perceived by the students and the industry they may play a crucial
role.
100%
80%
Not effective at all
70%
It w as ok ( did not make
much difference)
60%
Highly Effective
50%
Effective
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Industry exposure Short term Student festivals / Mentorship Visiting Faculty Summer
w eek projects outside seminars / programs ( formal Lectures internship
the curriculum conferences or informal)
As depicted by the last graph below where a dedicated effort was made to figure
out the important industry interaction programs students gave positive inputs on
industry interaction through mentorship which could be a long term process of
industry interaction and can be suitable for industry practitioners as well in
grooming the appropriate talent.
This graph is about responses to the statement “By interacting with industry
mentors along with my curriculum, I stand better chance of being well
equipped compared to my peers”.
Slightly agree
Neutral
13%
8%
Slightly
disagree
2%
Strongly Agree
77%
It clearly depicts the fact that although students / respondents believe that their
academic programs are helping them to have industry interactions, the said
interactions appear to serve limited purpose.
Proposed actionable
Based on the inputs from the students and the industry, it can be concluded that
although students seem to be satisfied with the inputs provided by the institute on
imparting various skills as mentioned above, there are gaps which need to be
addressed to help them face the challenges posed by the industry.
The delivery model seeks to undergo a change which is essentially derived out of
the following improvements at each of the B-schools
We propose that each of the B-school along with its existing curriculum and
activities include the following 8 critical workshops in their program. We have
define these workshops as LEAP – Learn, Enhance effectiveness, Achieve
excellence and Practice thyself workshops.
The topics for these workshops are chosen based on the above research and
delivery is in a manner that students inculcate these skills in their routine
curriculum. Such a practice helps the students in facing the industry in a well-
informed manner.
The following industry oriented LEAP workshops which help your institute in
improving the effectiveness of your academic program.
This is the primary workshop which helps a student to understand her own
personality and career aspirations. Through a psychometric profiling test and
own SWOT analysis a student is made aware of her own strengths and
weaknesses to help them in better planning their future.
The program is spread over a few months and provides a student with an
opportunity to practice the learning of the workshop in daily life which is definitely
more effective.
Business is all about relationships and their effective usage for creating value. B-
school curriculum seldom places emphasis on building sustainable relationships
using good communication skills, reading habits and observations.
This is practical program which helps a student with different relationship building
tools which are useful to deal with internal and external customers.
Understanding the role played by culture, background and other softer
personality aspects of an individual in building sustainable relationships is the
focus of the program. This is a very strong program which helps a student in
getting prepared for the work-life which is always oriented along relationships
which matter a lot in any business situations.
This is a 3 day workshop where students are exposed to the most rudimentary
business techniques which are used by street-vendors, traders and small time
businessmen. The workshop is conducted through on-street practical exercises
where students learn along with the facilitators about how to do the business in a
street-smart manner.
These games are an interesting learning experience for the students and provide
them a practical experience in a safe and simulated environment.
Gaining expertise in areas mentioned above is a long term process. The above
workshop provides a foundation. Practicing on these lines over a few months
works in a magical manner and has a long term beneficial impact for the
participants.
All the above workshops could be integrated in the B-school’s current curriculum
and may result in increasing the industry interaction amongst the students which
will help them in being locally aware and yet a globally oriented managers.
Conclusion
Such a mentorship needs some very different delivery models which are more
suitable in Indian context. Such workshops, can supplement the case based
pedagogy and help the Indian B-schools to use the best of these methods,
without forgetting the fact that input quality of students over here is far more
different than those in the globally developed nations and hence solutions
desired by us are drastically different.
Hence, tomorrow’s global Indian B-schools need to adopt the most basic and
rudimentary building blocks for their sustainable future. Based on these blocks,
we can certainly create centers of modern management excellence with our vast
and young population.
References