Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology, Vol. X, No.

X, 2021

Cutting Evaluation and Optimization of HPWBM Drilling Mud Using CCI,

CTR, and CCA Method at 17 ½ inch Hole in Directional Well G, Field S.
Evaluasi dan Optimasi Cutting Pemboran Pada Lumpur Bor HPWBM Menggunakan Metode
CCI, CTR, dan CCA Pada Lubang Berarah di Interval 17½ Inch Sumur G Lapangan S.

Gilbert Soenarjoe1, Abdul Hamid2, dan Apriandi Rizkina Rangga Wastu3

1
Petroleum Engineering Department, Faculty of Earth and Energy Technology, Trisakti University,
Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Quantitative analysis of cutting removal used in this study uses three methods, namely Cutting Carry
Index, Cutting Transport Ratio, and Cutting Concentration in Annulus. This method is used to determine whether
the composition of the mud used is maximal or not, starting from the maximum content of solids that can be carried
in 1 gal to the viscosity and also the flow pattern of the fluid in order to successfully bring the cutting to the
surface. Where these three methods have standardization to determine the cutting can be lifted, including for the
cutting carry index method the value must be more than 1, for the cutting transport ratio the value must be greater
than 50%, and for cutting concentration in annulus the value must be less than 5%. After analyzing the lifting
using the three methods above, it can be seen the parameters in the successful removal of the cutting. These
parameters include the physical properties of the fluid which includes the value of density, plastic viscosity, and
also the yield point, while other parameters such as drill bit speed, mudflow velocity, cutting diameter are also
important parameters in a successful borehole lifting. From the observations of this study, we can conclude that
the use of mud in well G field S has been running optimally. The calculation of cutting lift has met the
standardization limits. This study also carried out sensitivity analysis as a source of future literature, so that
sensitivity analysis parameters can be used if you want to do a well development. This study shows an analysis of
cutting lift on a 17.5 inch Route at a depth of 825ft - 2581ft, with an average drilling slope of 4 degrees per 100
ft.
Keyword: Cutting Carry Index, Cutting Transport Ratio, Cutting Concentration in Annulus.

Sari
Analisis kuantitatif penyisihan cutting yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tiga metode
yaitu Cutting Carry Index, Cutting Transport Ratio, dan Cutting Concentration in Annulus. Cara ini digunakan
untuk mengetahui apakah komposisi lumpur yang digunakan sudah maksimal atau belum, mulai dari kandungan
padatan maksimal yang dapat dibawa dalam 1 gal hingga kekentalan dan juga pola aliran fluida agar berhasil
melakukan pemotongan. ke permukaan. Dimana ketiga metode tersebut memiliki standarisasi untuk menentukan
pemotongan yang dapat diangkat, diantaranya untuk metode cutting carry index nilainya harus lebih dari 1, untuk
cutting transport ratio nilainya harus lebih besar dari 50%, dan untuk konsentrasi cutting di anulus nilainya harus
kurang dari 5%. Setelah dilakukan analisa pengangkatan dengan menggunakan ketiga metode diatas maka dapat
diketahui parameter keberhasilan pengangkatan pemotongan. Parameter tersebut meliputi sifat fisik fluida yang
meliputi nilai densitas, viskositas plastis, dan juga titik luluh, sedangkan parameter lain seperti kecepatan mata
bor, kecepatan aliran lumpur, diameter pemotongan juga merupakan parameter penting dalam keberhasilan
pengangkatan lubang bor. Dari pengamatan penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemanfaatan lumpur di sumur
G lapangan S sudah berjalan secara optimal. Perhitungan cutting lift telah memenuhi batas standarisasi. Penelitian
ini juga melakukan analisis sensitivitas sebagai sumber literatur masa depan, sehingga parameter analisis
sensitivitas dapat digunakan jika ingin melakukan pengembangan sumur. Studi ini menunjukkan analisis cutting
lift pada Route 17,5 inci pada kedalaman 825ft - 2581ft, dengan kemiringan pengeboran rata-rata 4 derajat per
100 ft..
Kata kunci: Cutting Carry Index, Cutting Transport Ratio, Cutting Concentration in Annulus..

1
Journal of Earth Energy Science, Engineering, and Technology, Vol. X, No. X, 2021

*)Corresponding Author: Gilbert Soenarjo.

E-mail: gilbertsunaryo@gmail.com.
Telp : +62-81285313108.

I. INTRODUCTION Carrying Index) value. The CCI (Cutting Carrying

Drilling mud is an essential indication to consider Index) value that has been obtained from the
when drilling since it may be used to clean the cuttings quantitative results will be compared with the
left under the bit and transport them to the surface, as standard value, if the CCI (Cutting Carrying Index)
well as to retain the hydrostatic pressure above the value is >1 then the drill cuttings will be lifted
formation pressure to prevent the fluid to enter the optimally, while if the CCI (Cutting Carrying Index)
well. The formation fluid does not rise to the surface value is less than one. then the drill powder settles.
and is controlled by numerous parameters such as the Calculation of the CTR (Cutting Transport Ratio)
specific gravity of the mud, rheology, and flow rate of and CCA (Concentration in Annulus) methods are
the drilling mud. interdependent where the CTR (Cutting Transport
The study of the 17 ½ inch hole with a depth of Ratio) value can be used to determine the CCA
1338,58 – 3166,01 ft serves as the foundation for this (Concentration in Annulus) value. The value of n, k,
research. Based on the data from the 17 ½ inch hole, OD pipe, and annular velocity serves to determine the
it may be used as an illustration of the difficulties value of annular viscosity. The value of annular
encountered and will be studied, specifically the less- viscosity, density of drill cuttings, diameter of drill
than-optimal percentage of the drilling hydraulics cuttings and density of mud serves to determine the
value, which is less than 50%. This is due to the bit value of slip velocity in which Vslip must be corrected
using less than ideal power or horse power from the based on the drilling inclination angle. Thus, the
pump power provided from the surface. The BHHP corrected slip velocity value can be used to determine
(Bit Hydraulic Horse Power) method is suitable for the CTR (Cutting Transport Ratio) value.
optimization because it does not rely on the flow rate Furthermore, the accumulation of the CTR (Cutting
and speed of the nozzle, so it does not require a large Transport Ratio), ROP (Rate of Penetration), and
flow rate, but it is more focused on the use of the Qmin values of the minimum flow rate will be able to
ability of horse power that is in the bit to transport the obtain the CCA (Concentration in Annulus) value..
cutting with a higher efficiency rate than other
methods. This approach additionally takes gravity and
laminar flow into account, resulting in more ideal
cutting removal with outputs such as new pressure
bits, optimum Q, optimum PC, and percent
optimization outcomes that surpass 50%.
In the study of cutting removal using the CTR
(Cutting Transport Ratio) technique, this approach is
chosen above others because it takes into account the
inclination factor in computing the Velocity slip
correction value in the directional X well, which is not
taken into account in other methods. This CTR
(Cutting Transport Ratio) will normalize the value of
Vtransport with a value range greater than 0%,
indicating that the cutting is transported to the surface,
and if it surpasses 50%, the hole cleaning is performed
optimally.

II. METHOD
In making this analysist there is also a flow chart
of the three drilling cutting methods used, namely the Figure 1. Flowchart of Cutting Lifting Research with
Three Methods.
CCI (Cutting Carrying Index), CTR (Cutting
Transport Ratio), and CCA (Concentration in
The above describes the flow diagram of the
Annulus) methods. In the calculation of CCI (Cutting
removal of drill cuttings using 3 methods. These
Carrying Index). In the calculation (Cutting Carrying
methods include CCI (Cutting Carrying Index, CCA
Index) or (CCI) the first step is to determine the n and
(Concentration in Annulus) and also CTR (Cutting
Kcci values of the PV (plastic viscosity) and YP (yield
Transport Ratio). Where the symbol of a circle
point) values. The minimum flow rate, hole size and
represents the start or end of a flow chart, a
OD pipe function to determine the value of the annular
parallelogram represents the data to be input later, a
velocity so that the annular velocity and mud weight
rectangle represents the result. the output of the
values can be used to determine the CCI (Cutting
2
parallelogram, and the rhombus represent a choice in Kcci 1485,871
the flow chart as shown in Figure III.1 that there is a
branching between No and Yes decisions.All these Densitas Cutting, ppg 28,0721
flowcharts must be interconnected by marked with
arrows and arrows must touch one each other. Diameter Cutting,inch 0,125
The stage of work or implementation to determine
the removal of drill cuttings using the CCI (Cutting C concentration, (%) 0,45
Carrying Index), CTR (Cutting Transport Ratio), and
CCA (Concentration in Annulus) method has been Rate per Minute 40
made in the form of a chart or image in the form of a
downward groove starting from top to bottom. the last Rate of Penitration,
25
one. The required variables are also listed in the chart (ft/hrs)
or flowchart. If in the final result the answer is yes,
then the removal of drill cuttings has been successful, Flow Rate, (gpm) 752
while in the final result the answer is no, the removal
of drill cuttings is not successful or has deposited..
From the above variables, further analysis can be
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION carried out to obtain other supporting parameters, so
Drilling on the 17.5 inch route is carried out by that the removal of cuttings using the CCI (Cutting
installing a 13-3/8” surface casing, where later this Carry Index), CTR (Cutting Transport Ratio) method,
casing will be continued to intermediate depths. and also CCA (Cutting Concentration in Annulus) on
During the drilling activity, the drill bit used is a PDC route 17.5 inch at a depth of 1889-2564 ft is possible.
(Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) drill bit, with the The next calculation is to calculate values such as
drilling fluid used here is HPWBM (High annular area point, annular volume, velocity average,
Performance Water Base Mud). This 17.5 inch route critical velocity and slip velocity. The results of these
drilling is directional or horizontal drilling with a calculations can be seen in the table below.
maximum inclination of 20° from the center of the Table 2. Parameter Result Calculation of Determination of
Flow Type on Route 17.5” at a depth of 1889 ft –
drilling. 2564 ft.
Before analyzing the cutting removal using the
CCI (Cutting Carry Index), CTR (Cutting Transport Vann Vcrit Jenis
BHA
Ratio), and also CCA (Cutting Concentration in (ft/s) (ft/s) Aliran
Annulus) methods. First, the interpretation of the Sub 1,2892 4,5658 Laminar
supporting variables for the removal of this cutting is Drill Collar 1,2676 4,5339 Laminar
carried out, including; drill mud rheology, cutting Jars 1,2676 4,5339 Laminar
density and diameter, inclination angle, rate or Drill Collar 1,2676 4,5339 Laminar
penetration and rate per minute. The reading of these
HWDP 1,1126 4,2639 Laminar
supporting data variables is obtained from DMR
Drill Pipe (Case
(Drilling Mud Report) data. The following are the 0,9564 4,1460
Hole) Laminar
variables used to obtain the calculation of cutting lift
analysis on the 17.5 inch route at a depth of 1889-2564 Drill Pipe (Case
0,9238 4,1219
ft on June 16, 2018. Hole) Laminar
Table 1. Drilling Mud Parameters on the 17.5” route at a
depth of 1889ft -2564 ft
The results of the calculation table above show the
Parameter Besaran value of Vann (Velocity average), annular (annular
viscosity), Vcrit (critical speed), and also the type of
Densitas Mud, ppg 10,4 flow, from each depth of BHA (Bottom Hole
Assembly). The comparison between the critical
Inclination, deg 15,68 velocity value and the velocity average will result in
the type of flow in the annulus hole, where if the
Plastic Viscosity , cp 12 critical velocity value is greater than the average
velocity value, it will produce a laminar flow pattern.
Yield Point, lb/100 ft2 26 This is due to the area factor in the series which is
adjacent to the diameter of the hole. pump flowrate
n (Flow Behavior Index) 0,431466 and sludge physical properties (slurry density and
rheology). On the other hand, the calculation from the
K (Power Law table above shows that the flow pattern obtained is
2,908 laminar, which means that this flow pattern does not
Constanta)
collide with each other and is directed towards the
surface. So that the cutting removal process will be
more optimal and minimize the occurrence of density value increases close to the formation fracture
problems during drilling such as regrinding or stuck gradient. Here are the results of his calculations.
pipe. Table 4. ECD calculations on Route 17.5” at a depth of 1889
The analysis is continued by calculating several ft – 2564 ft.
parameters again, because the G well in the S field is
a horizontal well. The initial step is to calculate the Total
Phydrodinamis, ECD,
Vslip (slip velocity) correction to the degree of slope Pressure
(psi) (ppg)
of the borehole, which serves to detect the absence of Loss, (psi)
Vcut (cutting that settles) at that degree of slope. In
addition to calculating the correction Vslip (slip 1409,507667 22,89646691 10,57173037
velocity), several calculations were also carried out
including slip velocity based on flow patterns, particle
NRE (Reynold number), and pressure loss. The In general, the calculation of the ECD (Equivalent
following is the result of his calculation analysis; Circulating Density) value has a greater value
Table 3. Calculation of Slip Velocity and Pressure Loss on compared to the initial density value when the drilling
the 17.5” Route at a depth of 1889 ft – 2564 ft mud is inserted. This is because the density value has
Vslip Press been influenced by the rock density value, in another
Nre sense it is influenced by solids in dissolved elements.
BHA koreksi Loss
Partikel The ECD (Equivalent Circulating Density) value in
(ft/s) (psi)
the above calculation is quite good because the value
Sub 0,00287 0,01043 0,10912 is greater than the initial mud weight value, which
indicates that the cutting is well mixed and can be
Drill Collar 0,00272 0,01017 1,46744 lifted. This is influenced by the value of plastic
viscosity that can unite the cutting and drilling mud
0,00272 0,01017 0,39132 fluids.
Jars
Then after getting all the variables and also the
supporting parameters to analyze the cutting lift. Then
Drill Collar 0,00272 0,01017 1,50413
the calculation of the removal of cuttings on the 17.5
inch route from a depth of 1889ft to 2564ft, using
HWDP 0,00178 0,00798 6,53108
three methods, namely; CCI (Cutting Carry Index),
Drill Pipe CTR (Cutting Transport Ratio), and also CCA
0,00132 0,00430 (Cutting Concentration in Annulus)
(Case Hole) 12,89337
Table 5 Calculation Result of Drill Cutting Lifting with
Three Methods on Route 17.5'' at a depth of 1889
Drill Pipe ft – 2564 ft.
0,00123 0,00403
(Case Hole) 10,80848 LENGTH CTR CCA
BHA CCI
MD (ft) % %

From the calculation of the analysis above, it can 2,9882 99,1906 0,4510
be seen that the Nre value (Reynol number) of the Sub 9 7 4 2
particles has a good indication of the results. Where
the value is less than 3 which indicates the flow result Drill 2,9381 99,1975 0,4510
from the Reynolds number calculation is laminar. Collar 120 5 1 1
This can be obtained because of several calculation
2,9381 99,1975 0,4510
parameters whose values are already good, such as
Jars 32 5 1 1
cutting density, hole area and cutting diameter which
is not too large. As for the calculation of Vslip and Drill 2,9381 99,1975 0,4510
Vslip the correction shows a relatively low value, Collar 123 5 1 1
which is good in the process of lifting the cutting.
Because it shows that there is no identification of 2,5788 99,2830 0,4508
cutting removal failure in holes that have a degree of HWDP 492 7 0 7
slope.
Furthermore, the analysis is continued with the Drill Pipe
2,2168 99,5498
results of the calculation of the ECD (Equivalent (Cased 0,4506
8 7
Circulating Density) value on the 17.5 inch route at a Hole) 972 1
depth of 1889 ft to 2564 ft. The purpose of this
Drill Pipe
calculation is to find out whether the formation at a 2,1414 99,5633
(Cased 0,4506
depth of 2564 ft can still withstand hydrodynamic 4 9
Hole) 816 1
pressure from the mud or not, especially when the
 In the table above, you can see the results of the
calculation of cutting removal from well G field S on
the 17.5 inch route, in the first interval from 1889ft to
2564ft. Where the calculation of cutting removal is
carried out on each of the BHA (Bottom Hole
Assembly) series. The value obtained from the CCI
(Cutting Carry Index) calculation shows that it is still
within the safe limit of 1 where in this calculation the
average value is 2.67. The CTR (Cutting Transport
Ratio) calculation has a value above the drinking
limit, which is above 50% with an average CTR
(Cutting Transport Ratio) value of 99.3%, and the
CCA (Cutting Concentration in Annulus) cutting
method is still classified as very good with an average
of 0.45% where it is known that the maximum limit of
the CCA (Cutting Concentration in Annulus) value
must be less than 5%. From the results of the
calculation of cutting removal using the three
methods, it can be concluded that the drilling of the
well G field S on the 17.5 inch route at the first
interval depth was lifted perfectly. This can be
obtained due to several factors, one of which is the use
of HPWBM (High Performance Water Base Mud)
mud at the time of drilling which is already in the good
category. The factors are the physical properties of the
mud (mud weight and rheology), drilling parameters
(rate of penetration, rate per minute, and also cutting
density). Where on the 17.5” route, each of these
factors has a value for the physical properties of the
mud; density values from 8.5 ppg – 10.5 ppg, plastic
viscosity values 8 cp – 13 cp, yield point values 17
lb/100ft2 – 30 lb/100ft2. As for the drilling
parameters; the Rate per Minute (RPM) value has an
interval of 40 – 112, the Rate of Penetration (ROP)
value is 4 ft/hrs – 37 ft/hrs, and the mud flow rate has
an interval of 652 gpm – 990 gpm. In the use of these
component factors, the value is in the good category
so that the results of lifting the cutting at this depth
have good results
IV. CONCLUSIONS
Analysis of cutting removal using well G field S
on the route with a depth of 17.5 inches with a depth
interval of 1889 feet -2564 feet, influenced by several
factors, one of which is the value of the physical
properties of the mud (flowrate) and the rheology of
HPWBM (High Performance Water Base Mud) mud.
polyamine affects the success of cutting removal. To
prove the rheological value of the mud is appropriate
or not, the calculation of the Equivalent Circulating
Density (ECD) value is carried out, where if the ECD
value is greater than the initial mudweight before
being circulated, it is concluded that the cutting rock
is well mixed in the mud, increasing the density value
The study used 3 methods as parameters for the
success of cutting removal including Cutting Carry
Index (CCI) > 1 where the value on the 17.5 inch route
was 2,677, Cutting Transport Ratio (CTR) > 50%
where from the calculation the value was 99.31% and
, method of Cutting Concentration in Annulus (CCA)
< 5% which obtained 0.451% of the calculation
results. Therefore it can be concluded that the cutting
has been lifted optimally
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Throughout the process of creating this journal, I
got a great deal of encouragement and assistance. I
would like to start by thanking PT. Kangean Energy,
the company where I conducted my research, and
especially Mr. Frengky, as my mentor, whose guide
to processing and analysis for processing all the data
for this journal. Thank you for providing me with the
resources I needed to choose the best path and
successfully complete my research, Mr. Abdul Hamid
and Mr. Apriandi Wastu. Your informative remarks
also pushed me to improve my creativity and raise the
quality of my work.
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