CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Observation Results
Tabel 1. Observation Results for energy and spectrum

Gamma Initial Gamma Maximum Energy Maximum Energy

Radiatio Energy Eϒ of Electrons of Electrons EBS
n Source (KeV) Emax (KeV) (KeV)

Cs - 137 657,989 455,795 181,389

Na - 22 509,954 333,034 177,778
Co - 60 1192,359 961,280 228,327

B. Data Analysis
1. 1. Modern Approach
a. Cs – 137
1) Rest Mass of Electrons using Photopeak and Compton-edge energy
Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( 2

Emax
− Eγ )
2
mec2 ¿ 2 ( 657,989 KeV ) −657,989 KeV
(
455,795 KeV )
mec2 ¿ 583,77747 KeV
Rest mass of electrons using Bakscatter energy and Photopeak
Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Eγ −E BS
2

−Eγ
)
( 657,989 KeV )2
m e c2 ¿ 2
( 657,989 KeV −181,389 KeV
−657,989 KeV )
m ec2 ¿555,8865 KeV
2)Rest Mass of Electrons using Compton-edge and Backscatter energies
E BS
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Emax
2

− EBS )
 2
mec2 ¿ 2 ( 181,389 KeV ) −181,389 KeV
(
455,798 KeV )
mec2 ¿ −218,40621 KeV
2)Average Resting Mass of Electrons
m e c 21+ m e c 22+ m e c 23
m e c2 ¿
3
583,77747 KeV +500,84753 KeV +(−218,40621)KeV
m e c2 ¿
3
m ec2 ¿288,73959 KeV
3) Theoretical rest mass of electrons

m ec2 = 0,511071 MeV

m ec2 = 511,071 keV

4) Percentage difference

me c2teori −me c2Praktikum

% diff =
| me c 2teori +me c 2Praktikum
2
|
×100 %

511.071 KeV −288,73959 KeV

% diff =
| 511.071 KeV +288,73959 KeV
2
× 100 %
|
% diff =13.89 %

b. Na−¿22
1.)Rest Mass of Electrons using Photopeak and Compton-edge energy
Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Emax
2

− Eγ
)
2
m ec2 ¿ 2 ( 509.956 KeV ) −( 509.956 KeV )2 KeV
(
333,034 KeV )
m ec2 ¿ 541,81291 KeV
Rest mass of electrons using Bakscatter energy and Photopeak
Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Eγ −E BS
2

−Eγ )
 2
( ( 509.956 KeV )2 KeV )
m e c2 ¿ 2
( 2
( 509.956 KeV ) KeV −1777,778 KeV
2
−( 509.956 KeV ) KeV )
mec2 ¿541,81291 KeV
Rest Mass of Electrons using Compton-edge and Backscatter energies
E BS
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Emax
2

− EBS
)
2
m ec2 ¿ 2 ( 1777,778 KeV ) −1777,778 KeV
(
333,034 KeV )
m ec2 ¿−82,90975 KeV
5)Average Resting Mass of Electrons

m e c 21+ m e c 22+ m e c 23
m e c2 ¿
3
541,81291 KeV + 277,92339 KeV +(−82,90975)KeV
m e c2 ¿
3
mec2 ¿731,82655 KeV
1) Theoretical rest mass of electrons
m ec2 = 0,511071 MeV
mec2 = 511,071 keV
2) Percentage difference

me c2teori −me c2Praktikum

% diff =
| me c 2teori +me c 2Praktikum
2
|
×100 %

511.071 KeV −731,82655 KeV

% diff =
| 511.071 KeV +731,82655 KeV
2
× 100 %
|
% diff =¿8,88%

c. Co – 60
1) Rest Mass of Electrons using Photopeak and Compton-edge energy
 Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Emax
2

− Eγ
)
2
m ec2 ¿ 2 ( 1192359 KeV ) −192359 KeV
(
961,280 KeV )
m ec2 ¿ 282,40530 KeV
2)Rest mass of electrons using Bakscatter energy and Photopeak
Eγ
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Eγ −E BS
2

−Eγ )
(192359 KeV )2
m e c2 ¿ 2
( 192359 KeV −228,327 KeV
−192359 KeV )
mec2 ¿560.32336 KeV
Rest Mass of Electrons using Compton-edge and Backscatter energies
E BS
m e c2 ¿ 2
( Emax
2

− EBS
)
2
m ec2 ¿ 2 ( 228,327 KeV ) −228,327 KeV
(
961,280 KeV )
m ec2 ¿ −228,08947 KeV
5)Average Resting Mass of Electrons
m e c 21+ m e c 22+ m e c 23
m e c2 ¿
3
577,25467 KeV +282,40350 KeV +−228,08947 KeV
m e c2 ¿
3
mec2 ¿209,19016 KeV
1) Theoretical rest mass of electrons
m ec2 ¿ 5.11071 MeV
mec2 ¿ 511.071 KeV
 2) Comparison of the value of the rest energy of the electron in the experiment
with the theoretical value of the rest of the electron

me c2teori −me c2Praktikum

% diff =
| me c 2teori +me c 2Praktikum
2
|
×100 %

511.071 KeV −209,19016 KeV

% diff =
| 511.071 KeV +209,19016 1 KeV
2
× 100 %
|
% diff =¿20,95 %
d. classic approac
Electron Speed
1)Classical Approach
a. Electron Mass
1) For gamma radiation sources Cs – 137
m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿
m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿
mec2 ¿89,69479 KeV

1) For gamma radiation sources Na – 22

m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿¿ ¿ ¿
m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿
m ec2 ¿93,98645 KeV

2) For gamma radiation sources Co – 60

m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿
m ec2 ¿ ¿ ¿
m ec2 ¿44,78307 KeV

a. Based on the results of the calculations, there is no constant electron mass.

However, the results obtained are different electron masses for each source. This
is in stark contrast to the classical theory which states that the wavelength of the
 photon before scattering is the same as the wavelength of the photon after
scattering. Thus, it can be assumed that the initial photon energy before hitting
the electron is the same as the energy after the collision. So the classical theory
views that there is no reflected photon energy.
b. According to Einstein in his theory of relativity in particular (1905) states that
the relationship between energy and the rest mass of the particle is as follows::
E 2
( )
c
=P 2+ me c 2

Where, c is the energy and m_(e ) c^2 is the rest mass of the electron. Based on
the above equation, it can be seen that the energy is directly proportional to the
rest mass of the electron. The greater the energy, the greater the rest mass of the
electron and vice versa. This is in accordance with the obtained graph. It can be
seen in the graph that the radiation source which has a large maximum energy, it
also chooses a large rest mass of electrons. This also applies to the opposite
situation.