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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Science – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 3: Potential and Kinetic Energy
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in
any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
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permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Christina V. Cinco
Editors: Juvimar E. Montolo and Melna M. Talaboc
Reviewer: Felisa D. Batuigas
Layout Artist: Hepolito E. Mamac, Jr.

Management Team

Schools Division Superintendent - Dr. Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent - Dr. Cartesa M. Perico
- Dr. Ester A. Futalan
- Dr. Leah B. Apao
Chief, CID - Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores
EPS in LRMS - Mr. Isaiah T. Wagas
EPS in Science - Mrs. Juvimar E. Montolo

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education, Region VII Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
E-mail Address: cebu.province@deped.gov.ph
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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3
Potential and Kinetic Energy
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Potential and Kinetic Energy!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the facilitator
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource intends to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace. Furthermore, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21 st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Note to the teacher

This module contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

Welcome to the Science 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on

Potential and Kinetic Energy.

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is
often used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may
learn, create and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource
signifies that you as a learner is capable and empowered to successfully
achieve the relevant competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your
academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

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 This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to competencies you are expected to
Know learn in the module.
This part includes an activity that aims
What I Know to check what you already know about
the lesson to take. If you get all the
answers correct(100%) you may decide
to skip this module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you
What’s In link the current lesson with the previous
one.
In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion
What is It of the lesson. This aims to help you
discover and understand new concepts
and skills.
This comprises activities for
What’s More independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
Learned process what you learned from the
lesson.
This section provides an activity which
What I Can Do will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.
Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned. This also
tends retention of learned concepts.
Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in
the module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

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References This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with
it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

In this module, motion will be investigated from the perspective of

work,power,and energy.The concept of force, which you have taken up in
Module 1, will be related to the concepts of work and energy.Our day- to -day
activities involve the use of energy in order to perform work.Energy is a vital
part of our lives.The food we eat gives our body energy for movement. When
we move something, like a pushcart, work is done. Whenever work is done,
energy is changed into different forms.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. identify the factors that affect potential and kinetic energy.;
2. describe how work is related to power and energy;and
3. apply the concepts of work, power and energy in real life situations.

Before going on, check how much you know about this topic.
Answer the pretest on the next page on a separate sheet of paper.

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 What I Know

A. Tell whether the situations shown below represent examples of work.

Identify the one doing the work and on which object the work is done. Write
your answers and explanations in your science notebook.

(Photos taken from Grade 8 Science Learner’s Material)

B. Write the letter of the correct answer in your science notebook.

1. The product of the applied force and the displacement through which the
force is applied is ________.
a. Energy b. work c. power d. potential energy

2. How much work is done in lifting a block of wood with a force of 25N to a
height of 4m?
a. 20 J b. 25 J c. 100 J d. 254 J

3. Work is done in the following cases except _____________.

a. a girl holding a tray c. a girl climbing a flight of stairs

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 b. a boy closing the door d. a boy pulling a load

4. When a man of 80 kg is raised vertically through a distance of 10 m, the

work done in lifting him is ___________.
a. 0.8 J b. 8 J c. 800 J d. 78400 J

5. The energy associated to the motion of an object is ___________.

a. kinetic energy c. elastic potential energy
b. potential energy d. mechanical energy

6. What is the potential energy (PE) of a 2-kg object raised to a height of 4m?
a. 784 J b. 7.84 J c. 784 J d. 78.4 J

7. Power is ____________.
a. the strength of a force c. the rate of doing work
b. the ability to do work d. the product of energy and time.

8. Dan climbs a flight of stairs in 1.5 minutes. If he weighs 450 N and the
stairs is 10 m from the ground, how much power will he develop?
a. 50 W b. 500W c. 0.5 W d. 5000 W

9. A bouncing ball possesses ____________.

a. potential energy c. both potential and kinetic energy
b. kinetic energy d. gravitational force

10. A 1000 kg car has a velocity of 17 m/s. What is the car’s kinetic energy?
a. 144,500 J b. 145,600 J c. 156,000 J d. 155,450 J

How did you find the pretest? What was your score? If you got 10
items correctly you may skip the module, but if your score is 9 and
below, you must proceed with the module.
Have fun learning!

What’s In

Complete each of the sentences below based on each corresponding picture

below.

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 (Source: pinterest.com)
The table moved __________________ The load moved _________________
as I pushed it _____________________ As I exerted an effort on it
_______________________________
_

What’s New

For you to understand the lesson well, do the following

activities as instructed.Have your mind on activity below. Have
fun and good luck.

A. Let’s try this:

1. Lift a book
2. Push a table
3. Answer the following questions:

a) Did you apply force in lifting the book? In pushing a table?

b) If yes in each case, in what direction did you apply force?

c) Did the objects move?

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 d) If yes, in what direction was the book moved? In what direction was
the table moved?

B. Fill in the box below by writing W if work is done and N if no work is

done.

(Source:pinterest.com)

What is It

In Physics, work is an abstract idea related to energy. When work is done

it is accompanied by a change in energy. When work is done by an object it
loses energy and when work is done on an object it gains energy.

In Module 1, you learned that force can change the state of motion of an
object. If an object is at rest, it can be moved by exerting force on it. If an
object is moving, it can be made to move faster or stopped by applying force
on it. In order to say that work is done on an object, there must be force
applied to it and the object moves in the direction of the applied force.

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 Work is done if the object you push moves a distance in the direction
towards which you are pushing it.

 No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move.

 No work is done if the force you exert does not make the object move in
the same direction as the force you exerted.

(Photos taken from Grade 8 Science Learner’s Material)

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Calculating Work
Work is done when the force (F) applied to the object causes the object to
have a displacement (d) in the same direction as the force applied. The
symbol for work is a capital W. The work done by a force can be calculated
as:
W = Fd
m
As you have learned in Chapter 1, the unit of force is kg. s 2 or N (Newton)

Hence, the unit for Work, W

W=Fd
unit of work= unit of force X unit of displacement
unit of work = N m or joules, J
The unit, joule (J) is named after the English Physicist James Prescott Joule.
This is also a unit of energy. One (1) Joule is equal to the work done or
energy expended in applying a force of one Newton through a distance of one
meter.
Sample problem:
Suppose a woman is pushing a grocery cart with a 500 Newton force along
the 7 meters aisle, how much work is done in pushing the cart from one end
of the aisle to the other?
W= Fd
W= 500 N (7m)
W= 3500 N m
W=3500 J
Work is a Method of Transferring Energy
Do this!
Play a bowling game. Roll a plastic or rubber ball along the floor to hit an
empty plastic bottle
.

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 Is there work done on the ball?
What can a moving ball do?
 You have done work on the ball. The force you exerted in pushing the ball
is in the same direction as the motion of the ball. But then you did not
continuously push the ball until it hits the empty bottle. You just gave it a
nudge and then it rolled The force exerted on the ball changed the ball’s
motion. ‘Something’ was transferred to the ball causing it to move
continuously. That ‘something’ is called energy. The energy became
energy of motion of the ball.

 A rolling ball can do work on the plastic bottle. When the ball hits the
plastic bottle, it can push it through a distance. Thus, a moving object can
do work on anything it hits because of its motion energy. Hence, energy is
oftentimes defined as the ability or capacity to do work.

 Since work is done on the ball, it gains energy while the person that does
work on it loses energy. In the same manner, the rolling ball that does
work on the empty plastic bottle loses energy while the bottle gains
energy. This shows that when work is done, energy is transferred.

Kinetic Energy

 The energy of a moving object is called energy of motion or kinetic energy

(KE). The word kinetic comes from the Greek word kinetikos which means
moving. Kinetic energy quantifies the amount of work the object can do
because of its motion.

 The plastic or rubber ball you pushed to hit an empty plastic bottle earlier
has kinetic energy. The force applied caused the ball to accelerate from
rest to a certain velocity, v. In Module 1, you learn that acceleration is the
rate of change in velocity. In the equation,

vf  vi
a=
t

where v is the final velocity, vi is the initial velocity and t is the time. Since the
ball started from rest, the initial velocity is zero. Thus, the acceleration is

v
a=
t

Substituting this in Newton’s second law

F=ma

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 v
F=m
t

The equation in finding the average velocity of the ball is

vi  vf
V ave =
2

Since the initial velocity is zero, the average velocity, is

vf
V ave =
2
vi
V ave =
2
The distance travelled by the ball before it hits the empty plastic bottle is given
by the equation
d = V ave (t)
v
d= t
2

mv
Let’s put the equations together. Since W= F d and F = we get,
t
mv
W= d
t
,
mv 1
W= ( vt )
t 2
1
W = mv2
2
This shows that the work done in accelerating an object is equal to the kinetic
energy gained by the object.
1
KE = 2 mv2

From the equation, you can see that the kinetic energy of an object depends
on its mass and velocity. What will happen to the KE of an object if its mass is
doubled but the velocity remains the same? How about if the velocity is
doubled but the mass remains the same?

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Potential Energy
 The force of gravity is the force that the earth exerts on all objects on its
surface.It is always directed downward or towards the center of the earth.
Hence, when an object is lifted from the ground, the work done is against
the force of gravity. An object gains energy when raised from the ground
and loses energy when made to fall. The energy gained or lost by the
object is called gravitational potential energy or simply potential
energy (PE).
For example when a 1.0 kg book is lifted 0.5 m from the table,the force
exerted in lifting the book is equal to its weight
F = weight = mg
The acceleration due to gravity, g is equal to 9.8 meters per second squared
The work done in lifting the book is
W =F d
where the displacement (d) is the height (h) to which the object is lifted
W= mgh
This shows that the work done in lifting an object is equal to the potential
energy gained by the object
PE = mgh
The potential energy of the book lifted at 0.5 m relative to the table is:
PE = 1 kg X 9.8 m/s2 X 0.5 m
PE = 4.9 N.m or J
Work, Energy, and Power
Work is a way of transferring energy. Energy is the capacity to do work.
When work is done by an object it loses energy and when work is done on an
object it gains energy. Another concept related to work and energy is power.
Power is the rate of doing work or the rate of using energy. In equation,
work energy
Power = =
time time
 The unit for power is joules per second. But maybe, you are more
familiar with watts which is commonly used to measure power
consumption of electrical devices. The unit watt is named after James
Watt who was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer known for his
improvements on steam engine technology. The conversion of unit from
joules per second to watts is:
1 joule
1 watt =
1sec ond

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 What’s More

Here are some enrichment activities for you to work on to master

and strengthen the basic concepts you have learned from this
lesson.

Below are simple problems for you to solve. Follow the procedures in
solving the problems.Write the answers with solutions in your science
notebook.

1. How much work is done when a force of 500 N is used to slide a heavy
cabinet 1 m across the floor?

2. How much work is done in lifting a 2 kg book onto a shelf 1.5 m high?

3. A 5-kg body moves with a speed of 7m/s. What is its kinetic energy?

4. An object has a mass of 5 kg. Calculate its potential energy 3 m above the
ground.

5. A crane lifts a 1,800- kg load of scrap metals to a distance of 15m in 20 s.

How much power is used in delivering the load?

6. Dan climb a flight of stairs in 1.5 minutes. If he weighs 450 N and the stairs
is 10 m from the ground, how much power will be developed?

7. Suppose you pedal a 25-kg bicycle at 1.5 m/s, what is the kinetic energy of
the bicycle?

What I Have Learned

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Complete each of the following sentences with a word or phrases that
will make the sentence correct. Write the answers in your science
notebook.

1. _______________ is the ability to do work.

2. The energy stored in a stretched spring is _______________.

3. When a basketball and ping-pong ball are thrown with the same
velocity, the kinetic energy of the basketball is _______________ than
the kinetic energy of the ping-pong ball.

4. ______________ is the amount of work done per unit time.

5. ______________ is the rate of doing work.

6. ______________ is energy due to position while ______________ is

energy due to change in position.

7. ____________ is done only when force applied on the object causes

the object to have displacement in the same direction as the direction of
the force.

8. The SI unit of power is J/s which is given a special name

______________.

9. __________ is equal to power X time.

10. Kilowatt-hour is a unit of _____________.

11. The SI unit of energy is the same as the unit of work which is
____________.

12. ___________________ is the energy of an object due to its higher

position in the gravitational field.

13. When work is done by an object, it __________ energy and when

work is done on an object it __________ energy.

What I Can Do

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Describe how work is related to power and energy. Cite at least two real life
examples to support your answer. (Limit your answers to five sentences only)

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer and write this on a piece of paper.

1. Which of these equations gives the amount of work done?

a. Work= F/d c. Work= Fd
b. Work= Fgd d. Work= F/t

2. How much work is done in holding a 1-kg object 2 m above the ground?
a. zero b. 2 c. 9.8 d. 19.6

Refer to this situation in answering questions 3-4.

An object falls freely from a certain height.

3. Which of the following happens to the object?

a. It loses PE and gains KE c. It loses both PE and KE
b. It gain PE and loses KE d. It gains both PE and KE

4. The PE of the object at the highest point compared to its KE at the lowest
point is _____________.
a. lesser b. greater c. equal d. not related

5. Which of the following is NOT a unit of power?

a. watt
b. b. horsepower
c. c. joule second
d. d. Newton meter per second

6. A 1-kg ball rolling with a speed of 2m/s has a kinetic energy equal to
___________.
a. 1 J b. 2 J c. 4J d. 8J

7. The rate at which work is done is called _____________.

a. power c.kinetic energy
b. Displacement d. potential energy

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8. The power in watts when a 400 N weight is lifted to a height of 6m in 2
minutes is __________.
a. 10 b. 20 c. 30 d. 40

9. In science, which statement correctly describes work?

a. Work is done whenever force is applied.
b. Work is done when you are paid for the effort exerted.
c. Work is done when force applied moves the object through a distance.
d. Work is done when force is applied for a longer time.

10. How does a pulley in the flagpole help us do work?

a. It increases the force applied c.It makes work faster
b. It changes the direction of force d. It transforms energy

Great Job! You are almost done with this module.

Additional Activities

Choose only one from the given options. Write the answers in your
science notebook.

A. Work done on a system puts energy into it. Work done by a system
removes energy from it. Give an example for each statement.

B. Explain why it is easier to climb a mountain on a zigzag path rather

than one straight up the side. Is your increase in gravitational potential
energy the same in both cases? Is your energy consumption the same in
both?

END OF THE MODULE

Congratulations for
accomplishing this module!

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 ASSESSMENT WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
1. C WHAT’S NEW17 1. Energy
2. Elastic Potential Energy
2. D
3. Greater
3. A B. 4. Power
5. Power
4. C
6. Potential energy,
5. C 1. W Kinetic energy
7. Work
6. B 2. N 8. Watt
7. A 3. W 9. Work or energy
10. Work or energy
8. B 4. N 11. Joule
9. C 12. Gravitational
potential energy
10. C
13. loses, gains
WHAT I KNOW
A.
1. Yes, the work is done by the girl on the cart.
2. Yes, the work is done by the man on the box.
3. No, the distance covered is not along the direction of the applied
force
4. Yes, the work is done by the force of gravity on the mango.
B.
1. A 5. A 9. C
2. C 6. D 10.A
3. A 7. C
4. D 8. A
Answer Key
References and Links
Philippines. Deparment of Education. 2014. Science 8 Learner’s Module.
Quezon
City: Author, 12-20
Philippines. Department of Education. 2007. Science and Technology
Textbook for
Fourth Year. Quezon City. Author, 295-396
Science: Science and Technology for the Future. (DIWA Scholastic Press
Inc.),287
Religioso, T., Vengco, L.. Integrated Science textbook for 1st year, 2nd ed.
(Phoenix
Publishing Inc., 1995.), 106-107
Grade 8 Science Modules. Philippine Public School Edition. (Tru-Copy
Publishing
House, Inc., 2015), 2-3
Young, H., Freedman, R. University Physics with Modern Physics. 10th ed.
Addison
Wesley Publishing Company, Inc. 2000. pp. 92-98
Newton’s Third Law of Motion. https://www.varsitytutors.com
Padua, A. L. (2003) Practical and Explorational Physics- Modular Approach
Silverio A. A. (2006)Exploring Life through Science- Physics
Campo P. C. et al (2013) Science- Grade 8 Learner’s Material
Campo P. C. et al (2013) Science- Grade 8 Teacher’s Guide

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Region VII,Division of Cebu Province

IPHO Bldg.,Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City,Cebu, Philippines,6000

Telefax: (032) 255-6405

Email Address: cebuprovince@deped.gov.ph

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