LTXW

LT1790
Micropower SOT-23
Low Dropout Reference Family
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FEATURES DESCRIPTIO
■ High Accuracy: The LT®1790 is a family of SOT-23 micropower low
A Grade—0.05% Max dropout series references that combine high accuracy and
B Grade—0.1% Max low drift with low power dissipation and small package
■ Low Drift: size. These micropower references use curvature com-
A Grade—10ppm/°C Max pensation to obtain a low temperature coefficient and
B Grade—25ppm/°C Max trimmed precision thin-film resistors to achieve high
■ Low Profile (1mm) ThinSOTTM Package output accuracy. In addition, each LT1790 is post-pack-
■ Low Supply Current: 60µA Max age trimmed to greatly reduce the temperature coefficient
■ Sinks and Sources Current and increase the output accuracy. Output accuracy is
■ Low Dropout Voltage further assured by excellent line and load regulation.
■ Guaranteed Operational –40°C to 125°C Special care has been taken to minimize thermally induced
■ Wide Supply Range to 18V hysteresis.
■ Available Output Voltage Options: 1.25V, 2.048V, The LT1790s are ideally suited for battery-operated sys-
2.5V, 3V, 3.3V, 4.096V and 5V tems because of their small size, low supply current and
U reduced dropout voltage. These references provide supply
APPLICATIO S current and power dissipation advantages over shunt
■ Handheld Instruments references that must idle the entire load current to operate.
■ Negative Voltage References Since the LT1790 can also sink current, it can operate as
■ Industrial Control Systems a micropower negative voltage reference with the same
■ Data Acquisition Systems performance as a positive reference.
■ Battery-Operated Equipment , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation.
ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation.
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TYPICAL APPLICATIO
Typical VOUT Distribution for LT1790-2.5
50
167 UNITS
45
Positive Connection for LT1790-2.5 40

LT1790B LIMITS
35
NUMBER OF UNITS
LT1790A LIMITS
30
4 6
2.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 18V LT1790-2.5 VOUT = 2.5V
25
0.1µF 1µF 20
1, 2
1790 TA01 15
10
5
0
2.498 2.499 2.500 2.501 2.502
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1790 TA02
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LT1790
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ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS (Note 1)
Input Voltage .......................................................... 20V Operating Temperature Range

Specified Temperature Range (Note 2) ........................................... – 40°C to 125°C
Commercial ............................................ 0°C to 70°C Storage Temperature Range
Industrial ............................................ – 40°C to 85°C (Note 3) ........................................... – 65°C to 150°C
Output Short-Circuit Duration ......................... Indefinite Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C
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PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO
ORDER OUTPUT S6
PART NUMBER VOLTAGE PART MARKING*
LT1790ACS6-1.25 LT1790AIS6-1.25 1.250V LTXT
LT1790BCS6-1.25 LT1790BIS6-1.25 2.048V LTXU
TOP VIEW
LT1790ACS6-2.048 LT1790AIS6-2.048 2.500V LTPZ
GND 1 6 VOUT LT1790BCS6-2.048 LT1790BIS6-2.048 3.000V LTQA
GND 2 5 DNC* LT1790ACS6-2.5 LT1790AIS6-2.5 3.300V LTXW
DNC* 3 4 VIN
LT1790BCS6-2.5 LT1790BIS6-2.5 4.096V LTQB
S6 PACKAGE LT1790ACS6-3 LT1790AIS6-3 5.000V LTQC
6-LEAD PLASTIC SOT-23
LT1790BCS6-3 LT1790BIS6-3
TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 230°C/W
LT1790ACS6-3.3 LT1790AIS6-3.3
*DNC: DO NOT CONNECT
LT1790BCS6-3.3 LT1790BIS6-3.3
LT1790ACS6-4.096 LT1790AIS6-4.096
LT1790BCS6-4.096 LT1790BIS6-4.096
LT1790ACS6-5 LT1790AIS6-5
LT1790BCS6-5 LT1790BIS6-5
* The temperature grades and parametric grades are identified by a label on the shipping container. Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider
operating temperature ranges.
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AVAILABLE OPTIO S
TEMPERATURE RANGE
OUTPUT INITIAL TEMPERATURE 0°C to 70°C – 40°C to 85°C
VOLTAGE ACCURACY COEFFICEINT ORDER PART NUMBER ORDER PART NUMBER
1.250V 0.05% 10ppm/°C LT1790ACS6-1.25 LT1790AIS6-1.25
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-1.25 LT1790BIS6-1.25
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-2.048 LT1790BIS6-2.048
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-2.5 LT1790BIS6-2.5
3.000V 0.05% 10ppm/°C LT1790ACS6-3 LT1790AIS6-3
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-3 LT1790BIS6-3
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-3.3 LT1790BIS6-3.3
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-4.096 LT1790BIS6-4.096
5.000V 0.05% 10ppm/°C LT1790ACS6-5 LT1790AIS6-5
0.1% 25ppm/°C LT1790BCS6-5 LT1790BIS6-5
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LT1790
1.25V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications that apply over the specified
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. CL = 1µF and VIN = 2.6V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Output Voltage (Notes 3, 4) LT1790A 1.24937 1.250 1.25062 V
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 1.24875 1.250 1.25125 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 1.24850 1.250 1.25150 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 1.24781 1.250 1.25219 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 1.24656 1.250 1.25344 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 1.24484 1.250 1.25516 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient (Note 5) TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
Line Regulation 2.6V ≤ VIN ≤ 18V 50 170 ppm/V
● 220 ppm/V
Load Regulation (Note 6) IOUT Source = 5mA, VIN = 2.8V 100 160 ppm/mA
● 250 ppm/mA
IOUT Sink = 1mA, VIN = 3.2V 120 180 ppm/mA
● 250 ppm/mA
Minimum Operating Voltage (Note 7) VIN, ∆VOUT = 0.1%
IOUT = 0mA 1.95 2.15 V
● 2.50 V
IOUT Source = 5mA ● 2.90 V
IOUT Sink = 1mA ● 2.95 V
Supply Current No Load 35 60 µA
● 75 µA
Minimum Operating Current— VOUT = – 1.25V, ±0.1% 100 125 µA
Negative Output (See Figure 7)
Turn-On Time CLOAD = 1µF 250 µs
Output Noise (Note 8) 0.1Hz ≤ f ≤ 10Hz 10 µVP-P
10Hz ≤ f ≤ 1kHz 14 µVRMS
Long-Term Drift of Output Voltage (Note 9) 50 ppm/√kHr
Hysteresis (Note 10) ∆T = 0°C to 70°C ● 40 ppm
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 2.04595 2.048 2.05005 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 2.04554 2.048 2.05046 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 2.04442 2.048 2.05158 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 2.04237 2.048 2.05363 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 2.03955 2.048 2.05645 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
● 220 ppm/V
Load Regulation (Note 6) IOUT Source = 5mA 120 200 ppm/mA
● 280 ppm/mA
IOUT Sink = 3mA 130 260 ppm/mA
● 450 ppm/mA
Dropout Voltage (Note 7) VIN – VOUT, ∆VOUT = 0.1%
IOUT = 0mA 50 100 mV
● 500 mV
IOUT Source = 5mA ● 750 mV
IOUT Sink = 3mA ● 450 mV
● 75 µA
Minimum Operating Current— VOUT = – 2.048V, 0.1% 100 125 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. CL = 1µF and VIN = 3V, unless otherwise noted.
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 2.4975 2.5 2.5025 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 2.4970 2.5 2.5030 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 2.49563 2.5 2.50438 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 2.49313 2.5 2.50688 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 2.48969 2.5 2.51031 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
Line Regulation 3V ≤ VIN ≤ 18V 50 170 ppm/V
● 220 ppm/V
● 250 ppm/mA
● 300 ppm/mA
● 120 mV
● 80 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
3V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications that apply over the specified temperature
range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. CL = 1µF and VIN = 3.5V, unless otherwise noted.
Output Voltage (Notes 3, 4) LT1790A 2.9985 3 3.0015 V
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 2.9970 3 3.003 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 2.99640 3 3.00360 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 2.99475 3 3.00525 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 2.99175 3 3.00825 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 2.98763 3 3.01238 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
● 220 ppm/V
● 250 ppm/mA
● 300 ppm/mA
● 120 mV
● 80 µA
Minimum Operating Current— VOUT = – 3V, 0.1% 100 125 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 3.2967 3.3 3.3033 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 3.29604 3.3 3.30396 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 3.29423 3.3 3.30578 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 3.29093 3.3 3.30908 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 3.28639 3.3 3.31361 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
● 220 ppm/V
● 250 ppm/mA
● 300 ppm/mA
● 120 mV
● 80 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 4.092 4.096 4.10 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 4.09108 4.096 4.10092 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 4.08883 4.096 4.10317 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 4.08474 4.096 4.10726 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 4.07910 4.096 4.11290 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
● 220 ppm/V
● 250 ppm/mA
● 300 ppm/mA
● 120 mV
● 80 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
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LT1790
5V ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The ● denotes specifications that apply over the specified temperature
range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. CL = 1µF and VIN = 5.5V, unless otherwise noted.
Output Voltage (Notes 3, 4) LT1790A 4.9975 5 5.0025 V
–0.05 0.05 %
LT1790B 4.995 5 5.005 V
–0.10 0.10 %
LT1790AC ● 4.99400 5 5.00600 V
● –0.120 0.120 %
LT1790AI ● 4.99125 5 5.00875 V
● –0.175 0.175 %
LT1790BC ● 4.98625 5 5.01375 V
● –0.275 0.275 %
LT1790BI ● 4.97938 5 5.02063 V
● –0.4125 0.4125 %
LT1790A ● 5 10 ppm/°C
LT1790B ● 12 25 ppm/°C
● 220 ppm/V
● 250 ppm/mA
● 300 ppm/mA
● 120 mV
● 80 µA
Minimum Operating Current— VOUT = – 5V, 0.1% 100 125 µA
∆T = – 40°C to 85°C ● 100 ppm
Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life Note 5: Temperature coefficient is measured by dividing the change in
of the device may be impaired. output voltage by the specified temperature range. Incremental slope is
Note 2: The LT1790 is guaranteed functional over the operating also measured at 25°C.
temperature range of – 40°C to 125°C. The LT1790-1.25 at 125°C is Note 6: Load regulation is measured on a pulse basis from no load to the
typically less than 2% above the nominal voltage. The other voltage specified load current. Output changes due to die temperature change
options are typically less than 0.25% above their nominal voltage. must be taken into account separately.
Note 3: If the part is stored outside of the specified temperature range, the Note 7: Excludes load regulation errors.
output voltage may shift due to hysteresis. Note 8: Peak-to-peak noise is measured with a single pole highpass filter
Note 4: ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) sensitive device. Extensive use of at 0.1Hz and a 2-pole lowpass filter at 10Hz. The unit is enclosed in a still
ESD protection devices are used internal to the LT1790, however, high air environment to eliminate thermocouple effects on the leads. The test
electrostatic discharge can damage or degrade the device. Use proper ESD time is 10 seconds. Integrated RMS noise is measured from 10Hz to 1kHz
handling precautions. with the HP3561A analyzer.
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LT1790
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Note 9: Long-term drift typically has a logarithmic characteristic and Note 10: Hysteresis in the output voltage is created by package stress that
therefore changes after 1000 hours tend to be smaller than before that differs depending on whether the IC was previously at a higher or lower
time. Long-term drift is affected by differential stress between the IC and temperature. Output voltage is always measured at 25°C, but the IC is
the board material created during board assembly. See Applications cycled to 85°C or – 40°C before a successive measurements. Hysteresis is
Information. roughly proportional to the square of the temperature change. Hysteresis
is not a problem for operational temperature excursions where the
instrument might be stored at high or low temperature. See Applications
Information.
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1.25V TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
Each of the voltage options have similar performance curves. For the 3V, 3.3V and the 4.096V options,
the curves can be estimated based on the 2.5V and 5V curves.
Minimum Input-Output Voltage Minimum Input-Output Voltage

Output Voltage Temperature Drift Differential (Sourcing) Differential (Sinking)
1.253 10 1.0
FOUR TYPICAL PARTS
0.9
1.252
0.8
VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V)

100µA 5mA
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
0.7
1.251 1mA
0.6
TA = 125°C TA = –55°C
1.250 1 0.5
TA = 25°C
0.4
1.249
0.3
0.2
1.248
0.1
1.247 0.1 0
–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT-OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) TEMPERATURE (°C)
17091.25 G01 17901.25 G02 17091.25 G03
Load Regulation (Sourcing) Load Regulation (Sinking) Supply Current vs Input Voltage
0 2000 100
TA = –55°C
–200 1800 90
TA = –55°C
OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm)
–400 1600 80
TA = 25°C TA = 25°C
SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
–600 1400 70
–800 1200 60
TA = 125°C TA = –55°C
–1000 1000 50
TA = 125°C
–1200 800 40
–1400 600 30
TA = 125°C
–1600 400 20
–1800 200 TA = 25°C 10
–2000 0 0
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0 5 10 15 20
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT CURRENT (mA) INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
17901.25 G04 17901.25 G05 17901.25 G06
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LT1790
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Power Supply Rejection Ratio

Line Regulation vs Frequency Output Impedance vs Frequency
1.285 10 500
VIN = 3V VIN = 3V
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)

1.280 0 CL = 1µF
TA = 125°C
1.275 –10 100 CL = 0.47µF
OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)

1.270
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
–20
1.265
–30
1.260
10
1.255 –40 CL = 4.7µF
TA = 25°C
1.250 –50 CL = 1µF
1.245 TA = –55°C
–60
1
1.240
–70
1.235
–80
1.230
1.225 –90 0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 100 1k 10k 100k
INPUT VOLTAGE (V) FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
17901.25 G08 17901.25 G09
17901.25. G07
Long-Term Drift
– 1.25V Characteristics (Data Points Reduced After 500 Hr) Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz
0.30 140
R1 10k LT1790S6-1.25V
4 3V 120 2 TYPICAL PARTS SOLDERED TO PCB
0.25 TA = 30°C
LT1790-1.25 100
6
OUTPUT NOISE (5µV/DIV)

1 2
CURRENT IN RL (mA)
VOUT 80
0.20
RL 1µF
5k 60
ppm
0.15 –VEE 40
20
0.10
TA = 25°C 0
TA = 125°C
0.05 –20
TA = –55°C
–40
0 –60
–2.5 –2.0 –1.5 –1.0 –0.5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
OUTPUT TO GROUND VOLTAGE (V) HOURS TIME (SEC)
17091.25 G10 17901.25 G10 17901.2 G12
Output Voltage Noise Spectrum Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

5.0 100
CL = 1µF
4.5
INTEGRATED NOISE (µVRMS)
4.0
NOISE VOLTAGE (µV/√Hz)
3.5
3.0
2.5 10
IO = 100µA
2.0
IO = 0µA
1.5 IO = 250µA
1.0
0.5
IO = 1mA
0 1
10 100 1k 10k 10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (Hz) FREQUENCY (Hz)
17901.25 G13 LT1790 G01
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LT1790
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2.056 10 130
FOUR TYPICAL PARTS
TA = 25°C TA = 125°C 110
2.054
VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (mV)

90
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.052
70
5mA
2.050 TA = –55°C 50
1 1mA
2.048 30
10
2.046 100µA
–10
2.044
–30
2.042 0.1 –50

–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
17902.048 G01 17902.048 G02 17902.048 G03
0 2000 80
TA = –55°C
–200 1800 70 TA = –55°C
–400 TA = 25°C 1600

60
–600 1400 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
TA = 125°C
–800 1200 50 TA = 25°C
TA = –40°C
–1000 1000 40
–1200 800 30
–1400 600 TA = 125°C
TA = 125°C 20
–1600 400
TA = 25°C
–1800 200 10
–2000 0 0
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0 5 10 15 20
17902.048 G04 17902.048 G05
17902.048 G06

2.054 20 1000
CL = 1µF
10
TA = 125°C
2.052
0
CL = 0.47µF
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.050 –10
100
–20
TA = 25°C
2.048 –30
TA = –55°C –40 CL = 4.7µF
2.046 10
–50 CL = 1µF
2.044 –60
–70
2.042 –80 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10k 100k 1M 10M
17902.048 G07 17902.048 G08 17902.048 G09
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LT1790
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– 2.048V Characteristics Long-Term Drift

0.30 100
R1 10k TA = 30°C
0.25
LT1790-2.048 60
6
1 2
CURRENT IN RL (mA)
VOUT 40
0.20
RL 1µF
5k 20
ppm
0.15 –VEE 0
–20
0.10 TA = 125°C
TA = 25°C –40
TA = –55°C –60
0.05
–80
0 –100
–4 –3.5 –3 –2.5 –2 –1.5 –1 –0.5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
OUTPUT TO GROUND VOLTAGE (V) HOURS
17092.048 G10 17901.048 G11
Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Output Voltage Noise Spectrum

10
CL = 1µF
9
8
7
6
5
IO = 100µA
4
IO = 0µA
3
IO = 250µA
2
1
IO = 1mA
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 100 1k 10k
TIME (SEC) FREQUENCY (Hz)
17902.048 G13
17902.048 G12
Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

100
10
1
10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1790 G02
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LT1790
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2.508 10 90
FOUR TYPICAL PARTS
2.506 70

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.504 TA = –55°C TA = 125°C 50

2.502 TA = 25°C
1 30
100µA
2.500
10
2.498 1mA
5mA
2.496 –10
2.494 0.1 –30

–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
17902.5 G01 17902.5 G02 17902.5 G03
0 2000 80
–200 1800 70
TA = 25°C
TA = –55°C
–400 1600
TA = –55°C 60
–600 1400 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA)
TA = 125°C 50
–800 1200
TA = 25°C
–1000 1000 40
–1200 800 30
TA = –55°C
–1400 600 TA = 125°C
20
–1600 400
TA = 125°C
200 10
–1800
TA = 25°C
–2000 0 0
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0 5 10 15 20
17902.5 G04 17902.5 G05 17902.5 G06

2.515 20 1000
CL = 1µF
TA = 125°C 10
2.510 CL = 0.47µF
0
CL = 1µF
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.505 –10
100
TA = 25°C –20
2.500 –30
TA = –55°C –40 CL = 4.7µF

2.495 10
–50
2.490 –60
–70
2.489 –80 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 100 1k 10k 100k
17902.5 G07 17902.5 G08 17902.5 G09
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LT1790
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Long-Term Drift
– 2.5V Characteristics (Data Points Reduced After 500 Hr)
0.30 140
R1 10k TA = 30°C
0.25
LT1790-2.5 100
6
1, 2
CURRENT IN RL (mA)
VOUT 80
0.20
RL 1µF
5k 60
ppm
0.15 –VEE 40
20
0.10
0
TA = 25°C
–20
0.05 TA = 125°C
TA = –55°C –40
0 –60
–4.0 –3.5 –3.0 –2.5 –2.0 –1.5 –1.0 –0.5 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
17902.5 G10 17902.5 G11

10
CL = 1µF
8
6 IO = 0µA
IO = 250µA
4
IO = 1mA
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 100 1k 10k
1790 G05
17901.5 G12
Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

100
10
1
10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
LT1790 G03
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LT1790
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5V TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS

5.025 10 90
FOUR TYPICAL PARTS
5.020 70

5.015
OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
50
TA = –55°C
100µA
5.010 TA = 125°C 30
5.005 1 TA = 25°C
10 1mA
5.000
–10
4.995 5mA
–30
4.990
4.985 0.1 –50

–50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 –50 –30 –10 10 30 50 70 90 110 130
17905 G01 17905 G02 17905 G03
0 2000 80
TA = –55°C
–200 1800 70
–400 1600 TA = –55°C

TA = 25°C
60
–600 1400 SUPPLY CURRENT (µA) TA = 25°C
TA = 125°C
–800 1200 50
–1000 1000 40
TA = –40°C
–1200 800 30 TA = 125°C
–1400 600
20
–1600 400
TA = 125°C
–1800 200 10
TA = 25°C
–2000 0 0
0.1 1 10 0.1 1 10 0 5 10 15 20
17905 G04 17905 G05
17905 G06

5.04 20 1000
CL = 1µF
TA = 125°C
10
5.02
0
CL = 0.47µF
TA = 25°C
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
5.00 –10
100 CL = 1µF
–20
TA = –55°C
4.98 –30
–40 CL = 4.7µF
4.96 10
–50
4.94 –60
–70
4.92 –80 1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 100 1k 10k 100k
17905 G07 17905 G08 17905 G09
1790fa
16
LT1790
U W
5V TYPICAL PERFOR A CE CHARACTERISTICS
– 5V Characteristics Long-Term Drift

0.30 100
R1 10k TA = 30°C
4 5.5V 80 2 TYPICAL PARTS SOLDERED TO PCB
0.25
LT1790-5 60
6
1 2
CURRENT IN RL (mA)
VOUT 40
0.20
RL 1µF
5k 20
ppm
0.15 –VEE 0
–20
0.10
–40
TA = 125°C
0.05 TA = 25°C –60
TA = –55°C –80
0 –100
–10 –9 –8 –7 –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 0 200 400 600 800 1000
17905 G10 17905 G11

10
CL = 1µF
8
6 IO = 0µA
IO = 250µA
4
IO = 1mA
2
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 10 100 1k 10k
1790 G05
17905 G12
Intergrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

1000
100
10
1
10 100 1000
FREQUENCY (Hz)
1790 G04
1790fa
17
LT1790
U U W U
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
Bypass and Load Capacitors Figure 1 shows the turn-on time for the LT1790-2.5 with
a 1µF input bypass and 1µF load capacitor. Figure 2 shows
The LT1790 voltage references should have an input
the output response to a 0.5V transient on VIN with the
bypass capacitor of 0.1µF or larger, however the bypass-
same capacitors.
ing of other local devices may serve as the required
component. These references also require an output ca- The test circuit of Figure 3 is used to measure the stability
pacitor for stability. The optimum output capacitance for of various load currents. With RL = 1k, the 1V step
most applications is 1µF, although larger values work as produces a current step of 1mA. Figure 4 shows the
well. This capacitor affects the turn-on and settling time response to a ±0.5mA load. Figure 5 is the output re-
for the output to reach its final value. sponse to a sourcing step from 4mA to 5mA, and Figure␣ 6
is the output response of a sinking step from – 4mA to
All LT1790 voltages perform virtually the same, so the
– 5mA.
LT1790-2.5 is used as an example.
VGEN
3V VIN 3V
VOUT
2V 2V
1V
0V VOUT
(AC COUPLED)
1790 F01 1790 F04
Figure 1. Turn-On Characteristics of LT1790-2.5 Figure 4. LT1790-2.5 Sourcing and Sinking 0.5mA
3V VIN
VOUT
2V
1V
0V VOUT
(AC Coupled)
VGEN
–2V
–3V
1790 F02 1790 F05
Figure 2. Output Response to 0.5V Ripple on VIN Figure 5. LT1790-2.5 Sourcing 4mA to 5mA
VIN 4 6 1k
LT1790-2.5
3V CIN CL VGEN 1V
0.1µF 1µF
1, 2
1790 F03
Figure 3. Response Time Test Circuit

1790fa
18
LT1790
U U W U
VGEN
stability during load transients. This connection main-
8V
tains nearly the same accuracy and temperature coeffi-
cient of the positive connected LT1790.
6V
Long-Term Drift
4V VOUT
(AC Coupled) Long-term drift cannot be extrapolated from acceler-
ated high temperature testing. This erroneous tech-
2V nique gives drift numbers that are widely optimistic. The
only way long-term drift can be determined is to mea-
0V
1790 F06
sure it over the time interval of interest. The LT1790S6
drift data was taken on over 100 parts that were soldered
Figure 6. LT1790-2.5 Sinking – 4mA to – 5mA into PC boards similar to a “real world” application. The
boards were then placed into a constant temperature oven
Positive or Negative Operation with TA = 30°C, their outputs scanned regularly and
Series operation is ideal for extending battery life. If an measured with an 8.5 digit DVM. Long-term drift curves
LT1790 is operated in series mode it does not require an are shown in the Typical Performance Characteristics.
external current setting resistor. The specifications guar-
antee that the LT1790 family operates to 18V. When the Hysteresis
circuitry being regulated does not demand current, the Hysteresis data shown in Figures 8 and 9 represent the
series connected LT1790 consumes only a few hundred worst-case data taken on parts from 0°C to 70°C and from
µW, yet the same connection can sink or source 5mA of – 40°C to 85°C. Units were cycled several times over these
load current when demanded. A typical series connection temperature ranges and the largest change is shown. As
is shown on the front page of this data sheet. expected, the parts cycled over the higher temperature
The circuit in Figure 7 shows the connection for a – 2.5V range have higher hysteresis than those cycled over the
reference, although any LT1790 voltage option can be lower range.
configured this way to make a negative reference. The When an LT1790 is IR reflow soldered onto a PC board, the
LT1790 can be used as very stable negative references, output shift is typically just 150ppm (0.015%).
however, they require a positive voltage applied to Pin 4
to bias internal circuitry. This voltage must be current Higher Input Voltage
limited with R1 to keep the output PNP transistor from
The circuit in Figure 10 shows an easy way to increase the
turning on and driving the grounded output. C1 provides
input voltage range of the LT1790. The zener diode can be
R1
anywhere from 6V to 18V. For equal power sharing be-
10k tween R1 and the zener (at 30V), the 18V option is better.
3V
4 The circuit can tolerate much higher voltages for short
6
LT1790-2.5
C1 periods and is suitable for transient protection.
0.1µF
1, 2
Assuming 80µA max supply current for the LT1790, a
VOUT = –2.5V 25µA load, 120mV max dropout and a 4V to 30V input
V – VOUT
RL = EE
CL specification, the largest that R1 can be is (4V – 3.3V –
125µA 1µF
120mV)/(80µA + 25µA) = 5.5k. Furthermore, assuming
VEE 1790 F07 220mW of dissipation in the 18V SOT-23 zener, this gives
a max current of (220mW)/(18V) = 12.2mA. So the
Figure 7. Using the LT1790-2.5 to Build a –2.5V Reference smallest that R1 should be is (30V – 18V)/12.2mA = 1k,
rated at 150mW.
1790fa
19
LT1790
U U W U
8 16
7 14
0°C TO 25°C
6 12
NUMBER OF UNITS
NUMBER OF UNITS
5 10
70°C TO 25°C 85°C TO 25°C –40°C TO 25°C
4 8
3 6
2 4
1 2
0 0
–80 –70 –60 –50 –40 –30 –20 –10 0 10 20 30 40 50 –240 –200 –160 –120 –80 –40 0 40 80
DISTRIBUTION (ppm) DISTRIBUTION (ppm)
1790 F08 1790 F09
Figure 8. Worst-Case 0°C to 70°C Hysteresis on 30 Units Figure 9. Worst-Case –40°C to 85°C Hysteresis on 30 Units
the transition region. The no load standing current is only

4V TO 30V
120µA, yet the output can deliver over 300mA.
R1
LT1790-3.3 VOUT
Noise
C1
BZX84C18
0.1µF
1µF An estimate of the total integrated noise from 10Hz to 1kHz
1790 F10
can be made by multiplying the flat band spot noise by
√BW. For example, from the Typical Performance Curves,
Figure 10. Extended Supply Range Reference the LT1790-1.25 noise spectrum shows the average spot
With R1 = 1k, and assuming a 450mV worst-case dropout, noise to be about 450nV/√Hz. The square root of the
the LT1790 can deliver a minimum current of (4V – 3.3V– bandwidth is √990 = 31.4. The total noise 10Hz to 1kHz
450mV)/(1k) = 250µA. In Figure 10, R1 and C1 provide noise is (450nV)(31.4) = 14.1µV. This agrees well with the
filtering of the zener noise when the zener is in its noisy V-I measured noise.
knee. This estimate may not be as good with higher voltage
There are other variations for higher voltage operation that options, there are several reasons for this. Higher voltage
use a pass transistor shown in Figures 11 and 12. These options have higher noise and they have higher variability
circuits allow the input voltage to be as high as 160V while due to process variations. 10Hz to 1kHz noise may vary by
maintaining low supply current. 2dB on the LT1790-5 and 1dB on the LT1790-2.5.
Measured noise may also vary because of peaking in the
More Output Current noise spectrum. This effect can be seen in the range of
The circuit in Figure 13 is a compact, high output current, 1kHz to 10kHz with all voltage options sourcing different
low dropout precision supply. The circuit uses the SOT-23 load currents. From the Typical Performance Curves the
LT1782 and the ThinSOT LT1790. Resistive divider R1 and 10Hz to 1kHz noise spectrum of the LT1790-5 is shown to
R2 set a voltage 22mV below VS. For under 1mA of output be 3µV/√Hz at low frequency. The estimated noise is
current, the LT1790 supplies the load. Above 1mA of load (3µV)(31.4) = 93.4µV. The actual integrated 10Hz to 1kHz
current, the (+) input of the LT1782 is pulled below the noise measures 118.3µV. The peaking shown causes this
22mV divider reference and the output FET turns on to larger number. Peaking is a function of output capacitor as
supply the load current. Capacitor C1 stops oscillations in well as load current and process variations.
1790fa
20
LT1790
U U W U
VS VS
R1 6V TO 160V C1 6.5V TO 160V
R2 R1
330k 4.7k 0.1µF
ON SEMI 330k
ON SEMI
MMBT5551
MMBT5551
BZX84C12
C1
0.1µF LT1790 VOUT BAV99
C2
1µF LT1790 VOUT
1790 F11 C2
1µF
1790 F12
Figure 11. Extended Supply Range Reference Figure 12. Extended Supply Range Reference
VS
2.8V TO 3.3V
NO LOAD
SUPPLY CURRENT R3
120µA 22Ω R4
5% 1k
R1 + 5%
680Ω VISHAY SILICONIX
5% LT1782 Si3445DV
– C1
R2 0.1µF
100k
5%
VOUT = 2.5V
LT1790-2.5
17909 F13 ILOAD = 0mA to 300mA
C2
1µF
NOTE: NOT CURRENT LIMITED
Figure 13. Compact, High Output Current, Low Dropout, Precison 2.5V Supply
1790fa
21
LT1790
W W
SI PLIFIED SCHE ATIC
4 VIN
6 VOUT
1, 2 GND
1790 SS
1790fa
22
LT1790
U
PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO
S6 Package
6-Lead Plastic SOT-23
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1636)
2.80 – 3.10
(.110 – .118)
(NOTE 3)
SOT-23 SOT-23
(Original) (ThinSOT)
.90 – 1.45 1.00 MAX
A
(.035 – .057) (.039 MAX)
.00 – 0.15 .01 – .10 2.60 – 3.00 1.50 – 1.75
A1 (.00 – .006) (.0004 – .004) (.102 – .118) (.059 – .069)
.90 – 1.30 .80 – .90 (NOTE 3)
A2
(.035 – .051) (.031 – .035) PIN ONE ID
.35 – .55 .30 – .50 REF
L
(.014 – .021) (.012 – .019 REF)
.95 .25 – .50

(.037) (.010 – .020)
REF (6PLCS, NOTE 2)
.20
(.008)
A A2
DATUM ‘A’
L 1.90
.09 – .20 (.074) A1
(.004 – .008) REF S6 SOT-23 0401
NOTE: (NOTE 2)
1. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS
MILLIMETERS
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN
(INCHES)
3. DRAWING NOT TO SCALE
4. DIMENSIONS ARE INCLUSIVE OF PLATING
5. DIMENSIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE OF MOLD FLASH AND METAL BURR
6. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED .254mm
7. PACKAGE EIAJ REFERENCE IS:
SC-74A (EIAJ) FOR ORIGINAL
JEDEC MO-193 FOR THIN
1790fa
23
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no represen-
tation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LT1790
U
TYPICAL APPLICATIO
– 2.5V Negative 50mA Series Reference
No Load Supply Current
ICC = 1.6mA
IEE = 440µA
VCC = 5V
2k
4 6
LT1790-2.5
VZ = 5.1V
1, 2
5.1k
VEE = –5V –2.5V

50mA
MPS2907A
1µF
1790 TA03
RELATED PARTS
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS
LT1019 Precision Reference Low Noise Bandgap, 0.05%, 5ppm/°C
®
LTC 1798 Micropower Low Dropout Reference 0.15% Max, 6.5µA Supply Current
LT1460 Micropower Precison Series Reference Bandgap, 130µA Supply Current, 10ppm/°C, Available in SOT-23
LT1461 Micropower Precision Low Dropout Reference Bandgap 0.04%, 3ppm/°C, 50µA Max Supply Current
1790fa
LT/CPI 0202 1.5K REV A • PRINTED IN USA

Linear Technology Corporation
24 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417
(408) 432-1900 ● FAX: (408) 434-0507 ●
www.linear.com  LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 2000

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LT1790

Positive Connection for LT1790-2.5 40

Input Voltage .......................................................... 20V Operating Temperature Range

Minimum Input-Output Voltage Minimum Input-Output Voltage

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (V)

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB)

OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω)

OUTPUT NOISE (5µV/DIV)

Output Voltage Noise Spectrum Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

Minimum Input-Output Voltage Minimum Input-Output Voltage

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (mV)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

2.042 0.1 –50

OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm)

–400 TA = 25°C 1600

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

– 2.048V Characteristics Long-Term Drift

Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Output Voltage Noise Spectrum

NOISE VOLTAGE (µV/√Hz)

Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

Minimum Input-Output Voltage Minimum Input-Output Voltage

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (mV)

2.504 TA = –55°C TA = 125°C 50

2.494 0.1 –30

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

TA = –55°C –40 CL = 4.7µF

Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Output Voltage Noise Spectrum

NOISE VOLTAGE (µV/√Hz)

Integrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

Minimum Input-Output Voltage Minimum Input-Output Voltage

VOLTAGE DIFFERENTIAL (mV)

OUTPUT CURRENT (mA)

4.985 0.1 –50

OUTPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (ppm)

–400 1600 TA = –55°C

Power Supply Rejection Ratio

– 5V Characteristics Long-Term Drift

Output Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Output Voltage Noise Spectrum

NOISE VOLTAGE (µV/√Hz)

Intergrated Noise 10Hz to 1kHz

1790 F01 1790 F04

1790 F02 1790 F05

Figure 3. Response Time Test Circuit

the transition region. The no load standing current is only

.95 .25 – .50

VEE = –5V –2.5V

LT/CPI 0202 1.5K REV A • PRINTED IN USA

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