Rojielynne Tuliao Yusay 12- AQUINAS

General Biology 1 (Week 1)

ATP AND COUPLED REACTION PROCESSES

LESSON 1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY:
ACTIVITY 1
A B
The image A, which is fully charged, will The image B, which is almost empty
emit a bright light. battery, will emit a low or dim light.

1. Image A: Bright light

Image B: Low or dim light
2. Differences in the stored energy in each battery
3. Chemical energy/energy
4. Recharge the low battery until it is fully battery.
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
A. Connect Me.

B. Create Me.
III.WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST-TEST:
TASK A
Modified True or False.
1. False - Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
2. False - Phosphate
3. True
4. False – Absorbs/releases
5. True
TASK B
Answer Me.
1. Chemical reactions with a shared intermediate in which energy is transferred
from one side of the processes to the other are known as couple reactions.

2. As it is employed for short-term energy storage and transit in the cell, ATP plays
a vital role in energy coupling and transfer.

3. Active transport- protein synthesis- cell division

LESSON 2
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY:
ACTIVITY 1
Identify My Color.
Guide Questions:
1. They differ in term of their color and shape.
 2. Malunggay leaves: green
Mayana leaves: purple pink with yellow green edges
Talisay leaves: yellow

3. Plant leaves vary in color due to the presence of pigments like chlorophyll and
other types of pigments.
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
ACTIVITY 2
Match Me.
1. d
2. e
3. c
4. a
5. b
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST-TEST:
TASK A
Complete Me.
1. Chlorophyll a
2. Violet/blue or red
3. Violet to greenish blue
4. Green
5. Chloroplast
TASK B
Expand and Explain.
1. Plant pigments absorb specific wavelengths of light and play a key role in
photosynthesis, growth, and development of a plants.
2. Plant pigments help in the absorption of various wavelengths of visible light. When
light is captured, photosynthesis, food, and oxygen are produced by the plant from
carbon dioxide and water.
Rojielynne Tuliao Yusay 12- AQUINAS

General Biology 1 (Week 2)

PHOTOSYNTHESIS: LIGHT AND DARK REACTION EVENTS

LESSON 1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY:
ACTIVITY 1
Complete Me.
1. Light energy
2. Water
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Sugar/food
5. Oxygen
II. WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW
ACTIVITY 2
A. Label and Connect Me.
1. Photosystem II
2. Cytochrome
3. Photosystem I
4. ATP synthase
B. Answer Me.
1. A photon of light travels and excites the electrons in a molecule of chlorophyll in
photosystem II. Photosystem II transfers free electrons along a chain of proteins to
pump H+ ions from the stroma into thylakoid space. The electron will be accepted by
another pigment molecule in photosystem I as the energy is used, causing electrons to
break away from the chlorophyll atom.
2. By harnessing the energy of the sun, photosynthesis allows living things to access
vast amounts of energy. Light independent photosynthesis converts light energy into
chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH, which are then used in light
independent reactions and to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST-TEST:
TASK A
Modified True or False.
1. True
2. False - Photosystem II
3. False - O2 or oxygen
4. True
5. False - energy
TASK B
b-d-e-c-a
LESSON 2
I. WHAT HAPPENED
Challenge Yourself
Activity 1:
1. T
2. T
3. F
4. T
5. T
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
Brain Challenge!
I.

II.
 The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions in which plants "fix" carbon
from CO2 by converting it into three-carbon sugars. Plants and animals can use
these three-carbon molecules to make amino acids, nucleotides, and more
complex carbohydrates like starches later on. The majority of new organic
matter is generated through this "carbon fixation" process. Plants use the sugars
generated in the Calvin cycle for long-term energy storage, unlike ATP, which is
quickly depleted after it is created. Animals that eat the plants, as well as
predators who devour those herbivores, can use these plant sugars as a source of
energy. The Calvin cycle is also sometimes referred to as the “light independent”
reactions of photosynthesis, since it is not powered directly by photons from the
Sun. Instead, the Calvin cycle is powered by ATP and NADPH, which are created
by harnessing the energy from photons in the light-dependent reactions.

The Calvin cycle's purpose or importance is to produce three-carbon sugars that

can then be utilized to make other sugars like glucose, starch, and cellulose,
which plants employ as a structural building material. The Calvin cycle extracts
carbon molecules from the air and converts them to plant stuff. Because plants
are at the bottom of the energy pyramid in most ecosystems, the Calvin cycle is
critical for their survival. Plants would be unable to store energy in a form that
herbivores could digest if the Calvin cycle did not exist. Carnivores would thus be
unable to access the energy stored in herbivores' bodies. The carbon backbones
created in the Calvin cycle are also used by plants and animals to make proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids, and all the other building blocks of life. The Calvin cycle also
regulates the levels of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the Earth’s
atmosphere. Scientists have raised concerns because, in addition to putting huge
amounts of CO2 back into the air by burning coal, oil, and gasoline, humans have
also cut down about half of all Earth’s forests, which play an important role in
removing CO2 from the air.

REFERENCES:
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/media/calvincycle/#:~:text=Background%20Info
%20Vocabulary-,The%20Calvin%20cycle%20is%20a%20process%20that%20plants%20and
%20algae,food%20autotrophs%20need%20to%20grow.&text=Energy%20to%20fuel%20chemical
%20reactions,plants%20have%20captured%20from%20sunlight.

https://biologydictionary.net/calvin-cycle/
Rojielynne Tuliao Yusay 12- AQUINAS

General Biology 1 (Week 3)

CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Lesson 1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
Challenge Yourself
Activity 1:
1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
Brain Challenge!
I.
1. An
2. A
3. An
4. An
5. A
II.
III.
Aerobic respiration, which occurs in the presence of oxygen, developed after oxygen
was introduced into the Earth's atmosphere. Because the atmosphere is now 21 percent
oxygen, this type of respiration is useful today. However, some anaerobic organisms
that evolved prior to the presence of oxygen in the atmosphere have survived to the
present day. As a result, anaerobic respiration, which occurs in the absence of oxygen,
must have advantages as well. (The advantages of both stand as the importance of
aerobic and anaerobic respiration in our daily lives.)
A major advantage of aerobic respiration is the amount of energy it releases. Without
oxygen, organisms can split glucose into just two molecules of pyruvate. This releases
only enough energy to make two ATP molecules. With oxygen, organisms can break
down glucose all the way to carbon dioxide. This releases enough energy to produce up
to 38 ATP molecules. Thus, aerobic respiration releases much more energy than
anaerobic respiration. The amount of energy produced by aerobic respiration may
explain why aerobic organisms came to dominate life on Earth. It may also explain how
organisms were able to become multicellular and increase in size.
One obvious advantage of anaerobic respiration. It allows organisms to live in
environments with little or no oxygen. Deep water, soil, and the digestive tracts of
animals such as humans are examples of such places. Another advantage of anaerobic
respiration is its speed. It generates ATP very quickly. For example, it provides the
energy your muscles require for short bursts of intense activity. Aerobic respiration, on
the other hand, produces ATP more slowly. These hurdlers' muscles must use anaerobic
respiration for energy. It provides them with the energy they require for the sport's
short-term, intense activity.
REFERENCES:
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
%3A_Introductory_Biology_(CK-12)/02%3A_Cell_Biology/2.31%3A_Anaerobic_and_Aerobic_Respiration

Lesson 2
I. WHAT HAPPENED
Challenge Yourself
Activity 1: Essay
1. Yes, I think my body used all of the glucose in my meal because my brain wouldn't be
able to function properly without it. The residual glucose is stored in small bundles
called glycogen in the liver and muscles after my body has spent the energy it requires.
My body has enough stores to keep me going for about a day. I'm not sure how much
sugar my typical meal contains.
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
Brain Challenge!
1. Cellular respiration uses energy in glucose to make ATP. Aerobic (“oxygen-using”)
respiration occurs in three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In
glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate. This results in a net gain of
two ATP molecules. Life first evolved in the absence of oxygen, and glycolysis does not
require oxygen. Therefore, glycolysis was probably the earliest way of making ATP from
glucose. The Krebs cycle and electron transport occur in the mitochondria. The Krebs
cycle takes place in the matrix, and electron transport takes place on the inner
membrane. During the Krebs cycle, pyruvate undergoes a series of reactions to produce
two more molecules of ATP and also several molecules of NADH and FADH2. During
electron transport, energy from NADH and FADH2 is used to make many more
molecules of ATP. In all three stages of aerobic respiration, up to 38 molecules of ATP
may be produced from a single molecule of glucose.
2. Cellular respiration is the process by which cells in plants and animals convert sugar
into energy, which is then used to perform cellular work. The goal of cellular respiration
is simple: it provides cells with the energy they require to function. Food would be
worthless if living things couldn't get the energy, they needed from it. Regardless of the
quality or quantity of food, all living things will die. Cellular respiration is the process by
which living things generate usable energy from the foods they consume. It's important
to understand that the reactions that occur during cellular respiration are catabolic,
which means they break down molecules into smaller ones. This is in contrast to
anabolic reactions, which involve the formation of larger molecules from smaller ones.
Cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction that converts food into usable energy so that
cells and the living organisms that contain them can survive and thrive.
REFERENCES:
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology/section/4.3/

https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-purpose-of-cellular-respiration.html
Rojielynne Tuliao Yusay 12- AQUINAS

General Biology 1 (Week 4)

MAJOR FEATURES OF GLYCOLYSIS, KREBS CYCLE, ELECTRON TRANSPORT
SYSTEM, AND CHEMIOSMOSIS

Lesson 1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY
A. PYRUVATE
B. GLYCOSIS
C. CHEMIOMOSIS
D. MITOCHONDRIA
E. AEROBIC RESPIRATION
ACTIVITY
A. DNP is an effective diet drug because it uncouples ATP production, which means
that when someone takes it, they get less energy from the food they eat.
Surprisingly, hyperthermia, or overheating of the body, is one of the drug's worst
negative effects.

B. The electron transport chain can no longer pump electrons into the
intermembrane gap after cyanide exposure. The pH of the intermembrane gap
would increase, the pH gradient would decrease, and ATP synthesis would come
to a halt.
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
1. TRUE 6. TRUE
2. FALSE 7. TRUE
3. TRUE 8. TRUE
4. FALSE 9. TRUE
5. TRUE 10. TRUE

Lesson 2
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE - Energy carrying molecule found in the cells of all living
things and chemical energy obtained from the breakdown of food molecules.

ACTIVITY
Main carrier of energy, signaling molecule, energy currency for cellular processes,
formed from the process of cellular processes, formed from the process of cellular
respiration, provides energy for both energy, consuming endergonic reactions and
energy releasing reactions

III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

1. Electron transport chain

2. True
3. 32- 34 molecules of ATP
4. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
5. True
Lesson 3
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY
Questions:
A. Oxygen
B. Carbon dioxide
C. Respiratory system
D. Respiration
ACTIVITY

III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED

1. Respiratory System
2. Oxygen
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation
4. Oxygen
5. Metabolism
6. Metabolism Pathways
7-10
a) They allow energy to be shared, transferred, or released in usable amounts.
b) They synthesize and break down important carbon molecules.
Rojielynne Tuliao Yusay 12- AQUINAS

General Biology 1 (Week 5)

AEROBIC RESPIRATION AND FERMENTATION

Lesson 1
I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-TEST:
REMIND ME OF YOU!
1. Glycolysis
2. Aerobic
3. 36-38 ATPs
III. WHAT HAVE I LEARNED
POST-TEST:
I CAN IDENTIFY THEM!
1. C
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. B
8. A and D
9. B and C
10. AEROBIC