•

=L : : :] 2 -1 2

An = -12 Az ,
= -

1-161=16 A} ,
= -

A- 12=-24 A- 22=32 A ]z= -8

A- 13 = 0 A- 23=-0 A-33=0

(A) =
all A , ,
1- 912 Aiz t9i3Ai3
=
9, , My -
912 Miz 1-
913m13
=
6/-121 + C- 3) (-24/+210)
= -72+72

"
"

i. A does not Grist,

:#
:*
 Determinants .

fqbd ]
A -

Determinant
of A =
IAI = det A

-
-

Iac bdl
ad be
i_.
= -

Ex
1,13 Z
, I = 4 -
C- 61=10

faa: :)
Ai , 912 913
a-
%:
( Al (922933-932923)
(921933-931923)
=
A, , -

912

(921932-931922) TAB
3 -
2 5

\ 2
-
I =
31141-4 ) -

A) 17-0/+5/4 -

)
o

O 4 7 54
=
-114+20=88
 44
2 3
5 6
O Z O

Ai ,
=
0-12=-12
Az ,= -

(0-8)=8 Az ,
-18-20=-2

A,z= -

( O -

o
) -
-
O
Azz = 0-0=0
Azz -_
-

(12-16)=4
AB= 8-0=8 Azz =
-14-01=-4 Azz -
- lo -12=-2

OC ) -

2/12-16) + of )

= 8

2 l l
l 2
1=2/4 -

D 1/2 1) till
- -
-2)
l l 2

6-1-1=4/1
=

I -
2 3

A- = 4 -5 5

I 2 -
l

Mll 5 10=-5 Msl '

-101-15=5
Mz , 2-6=-4
-
=
=

Miz =
4-5=-9 '
-3=-4 Alzz
-

-
5-12=-7
pizz I
-

Miz -- 8-1-57=13 Mz , >

2+2=4 Msg -5+8--3
:
Minors of aij

l:: !
A ' ' 912 9, z
A- =
:: :

Mij =

I Reduced Martin

II I II
-

a-

:L
Mi ,
= 2 -
C
-
t ) =3 Mzz = I - C -

41=5
--

:: : ::c::
n

:: : ::÷: .

Mz , = -4-3=-7 Mzz = I -
C
-

187=19

Mzz = I 6=-4
-
Cofactors :
if
"
cofactor of aij =
Aij -
-

Ming
C -

f- Dit Reduced Mahin

=

) )
'

t'

{I ,
.

,
one
Both Genta
Gen /one odd

Aij Mij it i hi both odd

gone Koth
-

-
-

Pij otherwise
= -

Mij
 all cofactors
(Iz II & )
write
of A-

All = -
9
Az , = -

f- 81=8 Az , = -81-3=-5

A- 12 = -
8
Azz = 7 Azz =
-

A-
13
= -
2
Azz =
-

12-41=2 Azz =
-
I

l :: : :]
A- =
All 912 913

::: :
TAK ai , Mu -

9,2 Miz t 913 MB

( Al = All All t 912 A 12 t 913113

Enpa ding by - Ri .
T
IAI = Az , Az ,
t Azz Azz t 923 A 23

IAI =
dis AB t 923 A 23 t 933 A 33
 a-
I !
.
El

÷÷÷i: ÷÷no H÷÷:

(-6-10)=16 -61-2=-4
-

(30-30)
0=0
10-10
=D

IAI -
-

6h21 1- C- 31.2471-2/0)
= -72+72+0=0

(2--1-314+20) -

I
(12+20)
-

5/12 -

4)

= 72-32-40 = 0
 Properties of determinants :

① If A contains a row /column which has

det
' '

all the entry o .

then its is
zero .

Ex
I -32 Et
8 9
8=0
O
.

② If A contains 2 identical Row / column

then its det is o .

3 5 -2

-8 9 7 = 0

3 5 -
2

③ IAI -
-

Htt
⑨ If we
interchange 2 Rows 12 columns
then Iet becomes C- ve ) .

13:# Itt: : 's.tl : : :

-
5 8 7
 ③ If there is a X is a Row or column
the - that x ca - he taken out once .

)
3 6 9 I 2 3 1 23
4 =3 -12
133,27
2 6 4 =3 2 6

3 8 7
3 8 7

Result :
If A- has zsoustaiiiihsarex of each
other then its def is
zero
.

I 2 3
3 4 -
7
2 4 6

⑥ a , tn , dzt M2 93+313
by b2 b3
Cz Cs

f
C
,

:c: :÷¥i.÷ :c:÷÷ .

Lies ' la .tn) Ai ,

t @ the)Aiet@3tM3)Ai3
=
@ Au taz Astra# 3) t
(
n, AutNzAiztN3Ai3
)
-
- Rns
⑦ scalar X of a soul column can be added

to any other how ( column .

9, 92 93
b, hz 53
C, Cz (3

R , -7 R , t Rz

a. tb , Aztbz 93tb3
= b, bz b3
C, Cz E3

✓ R ,
-1 R , t3Rz - S Rz

X R, -7 Rzt Rs

X Rit 3h , -

4R2

✓ Cz -

s Cz -
3C ,

✓ Rz -1 Rz -
SR ,

* IM .
2M Question on
property can he asked .
 I ÷: ::: :
a
A -

'

A di A
¥
-
-
. a

a tin -
-
-

I ¥÷ ÷: ÷) an "
.

a era -

la:÷ ÷÷ ÷ I
"
. .

ri
I ¥; :÷ ÷÷I
: :
'
=
÷
.

.
.

.
① "

=/ ÷ : :]
Find A ,
A- 2 -1 2

{
" "
= " " " " " " "° ^^ " "
"

A,z= -
zy Azz , 32 A,z= -
g

A- 13 0 0 A-33=0
=
Az } =

1A / =
61-12/+3/24) +210)

IAI __ o

'
.
: i does not Enists .

Notes :O 1A / =o A- is
singular Matin
② IAI -1-0--1 A- is no '

÷ .
-
.

singular matin .

Ais invertible
② Find the inreseefA-f.bz :{ & ) .

:÷÷÷÷:÷÷÷f÷÷
-
9 (-2-6)=8 =
f- 8+31=-5

O -
2
g (2-4) -
I
s
-
2
=L

|Af= a, , Al , the Az +913 AB

= I C- 9) + C- 2) C- 8) t 3C 2)
-

i
-
151-16
=
1

: A:*
,
adit -

* f. An
Aai :
!÷
A?
÷ I :÷i¥÷I
 Martin Method ( Maltin 's Rule )
① 3 Egan ,
3 variable .
Non -

Homogeneous
solve : N -

2y 1- 33=6
thy tz
N = 12

N
3g 1-22 1
-

Given system can be written in Matlin tornus .

(E) =/ & ]
I -2 3
I I
4
' -3 a

A ✗ = C
"

Multiplying by A .

At .
A✗ = A- 1. C
"
'
la A) . ✗ = A- c
'

I ✗ = A- c

✗ = A- t.cc '
it A- Enists)
consider
:[ ]
Now
I } ?
-

A
I -
3 I
 A
:[ I
I -1
-3
?
2 ]
All = 11 Az ,
= -5 A} ,
=
-14

A- 12=-1 Azz = -
I d- 32=-12

A'
3=-7 1-23=1-1 d- 33--6
1A / =
111-2-21=-8
'
A- adjA
¥,
i.
= -
=

:[ ÷ ? :]
'
a- =
-

:& :c
1¥ : I :}
× .

154%1-1%1=1:/
? N 1,4=2 3=3
:
, .
 Matin Method ( Maltin 's Rule )
① 3 Egan ,
3 variable ,
Non -

Homogeneous
solve : N -

Ey t 33=6 .

t4y tf
N = 12

N
3g +23 1
-

Sod : Gren system can be written in matin

"

÷; :X :3 -43 .

A. X = C

'

(premdtirlyb
'

A' A' A-)

'

A X = c
,

IX = A :C
.

'

X = A' c (only if A- snits )

'

f: -7,33
A- -

All = Il Az ,
=
- S Az ,
= -
14

Air =
-

l Azz = -
l Azz = -12

A'
3=-7 A-
23=1-1 433--6
IAI '
II t2 -

21=-8
All = 11 Az ,
=
- S Az ,
=
-14

An =
-

l Azz = -
l Azz = -12

A'
3=-7 A-
23=1-1 433--6
IAI '
II t2 -

21=-8

'
A- rads A
in,
i
-
.

= =

tf -7 I
'
a- -
-
-

"

III. i
i.
* a :c
'
-

=¥E÷÷÷¥ .

*
list
= N =/
, y -
- 2 ,
3=3
② Rt Yt 3=6
n -

y t 3=2
2n + y
-

3=1

Sold liver
system can be represented in -
Matin

iffy ] fi )
tamas
f
.
l l l 6
.
-
-

l
2 l
-

which .3 A X =L
)
'
'

A' 1. Ax
'

= A' C .
Cprexb > A

'

IX = A' C
'
A-
'
( only A' fists)
Y
-

-
C

( }
, ,

as A- i -
l l

2 I -1

All = O
Az ,
= 2 Az , =
2

AI2= 3 Azz =
-3 Azz = 0

As =
3 Azz = I Azs =
-2

IAH a. Anta ,zAizta3AB -

- 0+3+3=6
'

t{
A'

)
i. =
'
.ad5A= O 2 2

ya , 3 -3
°

2
3
-

I
X = At :c

EM :3
HE ] : .

÷
N= '
, Y = 2 , 3 =3
.
* *

[
③
7) 13=11 if
Gun A- •
: I ?
-
-

I -3 2 -7 1 6

find AB .
I use the result to solve

N -291-33=6 ,
Nt
4g +3=12 , n -

371-23=1 .

=/ % ! ]= -4¥:]
0
SI :
a.
is
A 13=-8 I
the
given system can be represented as

A ✗ = C .
4. ÷ :X:H :L
At ✗ =
c
A ✗ =L
"
A- 1. AX = A- :c [me ✗
by A
]
B✗=c
'

Bt ✗ I ✗ = A- c
=c
✗ = A- 1. C

As we know AB= -

8. I F. A- 13=-8 .Ñ . I
'
I 13=-8 A- .

'
A-
f. B
= . = -

"

✗ A .C=
÷
f. B. C
= -
 f- ] fi ;]
'

it
"
③ aim A- s
B- -

a .

-
14 2 6 3 I 2

find AB .
I use the result to solve

N -291-33=6 , Nt4y +3=12 , n -

371-23=1 .

AB

:[ ! !!}
o -80 = -8

/ -8 I

I
A- 13=-8
→
-

f. ÷ :b :X :] ::÷÷÷¥
Bt✗=C
:-B
'=-tgA
* !C
( BY?Bt✗=(Btj
IX =
(Bt)?c
i. ✗ =( B-Y.EC
✗ =

(I A) t.c-j.AE
cordite .
① Nt2y=5 ② Nt7t3=9
Yt 23=8 2nt5y +72=52
Ent 3=5 Entry -

3=0

③ 3ntTt2=i @ 2n -

yt3=3
2nt2z= o -

Utley 3=-4 -

N
5N -171-22=2 Y -122=1
-

⑤ it !
f } ? ?y )
'
If A- Find it
.
Using

Sole the system 2n -

3g -53--11,32427-42=-5
Ntt -

22=-3
⑨
f : : ÷ if 3.3
-

a . i
I
-
-

(
.

in
""

iii. a
.

÷:÷: it :: ÷: ¥:÷÷ :
.

I At =
-
l

an
H ÷
- -

: -

!
HI ii. A '

fi ; I] It ÷ I
:)
-

. -
.
-

u
, .
,

=
[ I