Planning Terms

First Semester (Integrated) Programme of Masters of Planning, 2020
Terms and Definitions in Planning
32 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Census and Housing Population aged 7+

Urban area - In the Census of India 2011, the
definition of urban area adopted is as follows: Work Participation Rate - Work participation rate is
a) All statutory places with a municipality, defined as the percentage of total workers (main and
corporation, cantonment board or notified marginal) to total population.
town area committee, etc.
b) A place satisfying the following three criteria Migrant - Migrant is usually defined as a person who
simultaneously: has moved from one politically defined area to
c) a minimum population of 5,000; another similar area. In Indian context, these areas are
d) at least 75 per cent of male working generally a village in rural and a town in urban. Thus
population engaged in non-agricultural a person who moves out from one village or town to
pursuits; and another village or town is termed as a migrant
e) A density of population of at least 400 per provided his/her movement is not of purely temporary
sq. km. (1,000 per sq. mile). nature on account of casual leave, visits, tours, etc.
Village is an inhabited place larger than a Slums - For the purpose of Census of India, 2011, the
hamlet and smaller than a town, having a primary slum areas broadly constitute of: -
means of production, cohesive community, simple
organization and elementary level of amenities (i) All specified areas in a town or city notified
facilities and services. as 'Slum' by State/Local Government and UT
Administration under any Act including a 'Slum
Urban Agglomeration - For the purpose of Act'.
delineation of Urban Agglomerations during Census of
India 2011, following criteria are taken as pre- (ii) All areas recognized as 'Slum' by State/Local
requisites (a) The core town or at least one of the Government and UT Administration, Housing
constituent towns of an urban agglomeration should and Slum Boards, which may have not been
necessarily be a statutory town; and (b) The total formally notified as slum under any act;
population of all the constituents (i.e. towns and
outgrowths) of an Urban Agglomeration should not be (iii) A compact area of at least 300 populations
less than 20,000 (as per the 2001 Census). or about 60-70 households of poorly built
congested tenements, in unhygienic
City - Towns with population of 1, 00,000 and above environment usually with inadequate
are called cities. infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary
and drinking water facilities.
Household - A 'household' is usually a group of
persons who normally live together and take their Metropolis- It is an urban conurbation having a
meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of population of one million and above with a
work prevent any of them from doing so. cosmopolitan character and administered by one or
more Municipal Corporations or Local bodies.
Sex Ratio - Sex ratio has been defined as the number
of females per 1000 males in the population. It is Habitable Room - A room occupied or designed for
expressed as 'number of females per 1000 males'. occupancy by one or more persons for study, living,
sleeping, kitchen if it is used for living room, but not
Number of females including bathrooms, water-closet, compartments,
Sex-ratio=--------------------------- x 1000 laundries, serving and storage pantries, corridors,
Number of males cellars and spaces that are not used frequently or
during extended periods. Most regulations required a
Literacy Rate - Literacy rate of population is defined habitable room to be at least 100 sq. ft.
as the percentage of literates to the total Population
age 7 years and above. Economic Activity - The 1981 census, the data of
main workers were presented for the four categories
Number of Literates viz, cultivators, agricultural labourers, household
Literacy rate = --------------------------- x 100 industry and other workers. Categories III, IV, V, (b) VI
to IX were clubbed together and the data were
Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 33

presented under the category of 'other workers. In fulltime workers or seasonal workers or marginal
1991 census the data for main workers have been workers.
classified in to nine categories as in 1971 census. The
Non- Workers - were those who had not worked any
Labourers, III) -Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting, time at all in the year preceding the date of
and Plantations, or orchards and allied activities, IV)- enumeration.
Mining and Quarrying, V) - (a) Manufacturing,
processing, servicing and repairs in household industry, Workforce participation rate - It is the proportion of
V)(b) Manufacturing, processing, servicing and repair the population ages 15 and older that is economically
in other than household industry, VI) - constructions, active: all people who supply labor for the production
VII)-trade and commerce, VIII) - Transport, storage of goods and services during a specified period.
and communications, IX) - other services.
Barsati - Habitable room/ rooms on the roof of
I-Cultivator - A person was considered as cultivator if building with or without toilet and kitchen
he or she was engaged either as employer, worker or
family in cultivation of land owned or held from Occupancy Rate - It is defined as the number of
government or held from private persons or institutions persons per habitable room (Government of India).
for payment in money, kind or share of crops.
Cultivation included supervision or direction of Property line - The line up to, which the plinth of a
cultivation. Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing and building adjoining a street or an extension of a street
harvesting and production of cereals and millets crops. or on a future street may lawfully extend. It
Includes the lines prescribed in the Delhi Master Plan
II-Agricultural Laborers - A person who worked in or specially indicated in any scheme or layout plan or
another person's land for wages in cash, kind or share in the bylaws.
or crop was regarded as an agricultural labourer,
working in another person's land for wages. An Carpet area - All the covered area that can be
agricultural labourer has no right of lease or contract carpeted, i.e. plinth area less than area of the walls,
on land on which he worked. canopies, chajjas, stairwell etc.
(a) Household Industry - Is an industry conducted by Cluster Development - One in which a number of
the household himself/herself and or members of the dwelling units are grouped leaving some land
household at home or within the village in rural areas undivided for common use. It may mean grouped
and only within the precincts of the house where the leaving the same numbers of units allowed in a given
household lived in urban areas. A household industry subdivision or zoned area on smaller than usual or
is one that is engaged in production, processing, minimum lot, with the remainder of land available as
servicing, repairing or making and selling (but not a common area.
merely selling) of goods.
Core House - Core house is one of the many forms of
Main Workers - Are those who had worked for the low - cost housing, covering delivery of anything short
major part of the year preceding the date of of the finished product and incorporating site-and-
enumeration i.e. those who were engaged in any services scheme. The essence of this house is to provide
economically productive activity for 183 days or six a framework, which enables a target group of low-
months during the year. income households to obtain substantial at costs within
their means.
Marginal Workers - Are those who work during any
time in the year preceding the enumeration but did not Coverage - It is the term used to express the
work for a major part of the year i.e. those who percentage of a piece of property, which may be
worked for less than 183 days or six months. properly, be occupied by building.
Secondary Work - Any other work or secondary work Covered Area - Ground area covered immediately
was reckoned only if the person was engaged in some above the plinth level covered by the building but
economically productive work. Workers could be does not include the spaces covered by:

1. Garden, rocky, well and well structures, plant Hostel - A premise in which residential accommodation
nursery, water pool, swimming pool (if open in the form of rooms is provided, usually attached to
to air), plate-form round a tree, tank, an institution, with or without dining facility.
fountain, bench, chabutra with open top and
unenclosed on side by wall end the like; Guest House, Lodging & boarding house - A premise
2. Drainage culvert, conduit, catch pits, gully- providing temporary accommodation for short
pits, chamber, gutter etc; and durations.
3. Compound wall, gate, slide swing canopy,
area covered and open at least on three sides Dharamshala or its equivalent - A premise providing
and also open to sky. temporary accommodation or for short durations on
no-profit basis.
Dwelling units - In relation to a building or portion of
a building, means a unit of accommodation, in such Rain Basera (Night Shelter) - A premise having the
building or portion used sole for the purpose of facility for providing the night accommodation to
residence. individuals without any charges or with token charges.
It may run by local government or voluntary agencies.
Dwelling Type - The physical arrangement of
dwelling units includes: Farm House - A dwelling house on a farm.
Housing Demand - It is measured as the number of

the other. dwellings of standard quality that a given
expenditure could purchase.
wall.
Housing Finance - Covers financing at all stages in
linearly or in cluster. the development and sale of housing from land
purchase to construction, installation of on-site
stories with stairs for vertical circulation. infrastructure, and mortgage credit.
stairs and lifts for vertical circulation. Houseless Population - The enumeration of the
houseless population was carried out in possible
Residential Plot - Plotted Housing - A Premise for one places where houseless population are likely to live
or more than one dwelling unit and may have on it one such as on roadside pavements, in human pipe, under
main building block and one accessory block for staircase or in the open, temples mandaps, platforms.
garages and service personnel
Housing Need - Number of dwelling units required
Residential Plot - Group Housing - A premise of size for households without shelter and households
not less than 3000 sq.m. (2000 sq.m. for Slum /JJ occupying unacceptable living quarters, or. The total
rehabilitation) comprising of residential flats with need for housing irrespective of the capability of the
basic amenities like parking, park, convenience shops, individuals/ households to be able to afford it.
public utility etc.
Housing Shortage - A housing shortage is the amount
Residential Flat - Residential accommodation for by which the demand for housing at a given price
one family /households part of group housing. exceeds the supply of housing.
Residential Premises Special Area - A residential Housing Stock - It is a capital god with a long life
premise in Special Area. complicates the analysis of housing demand.
Slum / rehabilitation - Residential accommodation Housing Supply - The total supply of housing that is
provided -JJ as part of slum area resettlement / made available, or existing, by various sources like
rehabilitation Government / non -Governmental agencies, to meet
the demand and need of the housing.
Foreign Mission - A Premise for the foreign mission.
Income Groups - A group of people or families within
the same range of incomes.

Resettlement colony A colony created by removing

Kutcha - Unbaked, clay built, below a fixed standard, a group of households from the congested city core or
half done. Provisional, flimsy, substandard. an encroachment in public places and location then
generally in the periphery of the city.
Pucca - Permanent when used to describe a structure.
Made of brick and mortar or stone as compared to a Semi-detached building A building detached on
'kuccha' structure made of bamboo or mud. It is three sides with open spaces.
substantial, permanent, solidly built, baked, strong,
solid, firm, lasting and permanent. Community facilities Facilities or services used by
number of people in common including schools, health,
Floor Area Ratio (FAR) - The quotient obtained by recreation, police, fire, public transportation,
dividing the total covered area (plinth area) on all the community center etc.
floors divided by the area of the area of the plot and
multiplied by 100. It is the ratio of persons, households or
volume of building or development to some unit of
FAR = Total plinth area x 100 /Plot Area land area.
Floor Space Index (FSI) - FSI is the same as FAR but Gross Residential Density Residential density is
expressed in units and not as %. calculated by taking the total resident population over
the entire land area of a residential zone including all
Informal Unit - A small retail or service unit without a roads, parks/ playground, educational institutions,
permanent roof, of mobile nature, rendering service facilities areas etc.
without making demands on infrastructure.
Net Residential Density It is calculated by taking
Plinth - The portion of a structure between the surface the total resident population over the area comprising
of the surrounding ground and surface of the floor, only of land under residential use, access roads and
immediately above the ground. tot-lots.
Plot / lot - A measured parcel of land having fixed

boundaries and access to public circulation Planning and Development
Semi-Detached Building - A building detached on Base Map - Map indicating such existing features as
three sides with open spaces. the street systems, railroads, rivers, parks or other
facilities. The map is the formation for all subsequent
Set back line - A line usually parallel to the plot maps to be utilized throughout the planning process.
boundaries or center line of a road and laid down in
each case by the authority or as per recommendations Betterment Tax - A tax on the increment in value
of the Master or Zonal Plan, beyond which nothing can accruing to an owner because of development work
be constructed toward the plot boundaries, excepting carried out by local authority.
with the permission of the authority.
Central Business District (CBD) - The Central Business
Chawl (H) A set of small multi-storied residential District is the focus of intra-city transport routes, having
units, constructed mostly in the nine-tenth century, to the maximum overall accessibility to most parts of
accommodate industrial workers particularly in urban area. It is characterized by peak land values
and intense developments with high densities, the
development usually being vertical rather than
degradation of the area and high density most of the horizontal. Within the district, the shopping area is
chawls are now part of slums. usually separated from the main office area and
entertainment area. The central business district
Jhinpri, Jhuggi Informal structures built with merges almost unnoticed into the surrounding
bamboo, thatch, old building materials or raw bricks transitional zone, but usually its boundaries are
for residential purposes by the poor. marked by public transport terminal.

More correctly referred to as a

'material change of use'. A change in the use of land The right of a governmental unit
or buildings that is of significance for planning to take private lands for a public use or purpose upon
purposes, often requiring panning permission. payment of just compensation.
City region - The concept of the city-region can be Firni - This term is defined under land revenue act &
understood as a functionally inter-related refers to an area around lal-dora (abadi area of
geographical area comprising a central, or Core City, rural area). This area comes under firni is identified
as part of a network of urban centers and rural while conducted land consolidation of rural settlements
hinterland. under land consolidation act.
A large densely populated urban Formal Region - It is a geographical area, which is

sprawl formed by the growth and coalescence of uniform, or homogeneous in terms of selected criteria
individual towns or cities. like topography, climate, vegetation, industries etc.
Convenience Shopping - A group of shops (not Fringe - The term fringe suggests a borderline case
exceeding 50 in number) in a residential area, serving between the rural and urban, and actually lies on the
a population of about 5,000 persons. periphery of urban areas, surrounding it and
distinguished it from the truly countryside.
Corridor - A linear pattern of spatial development
along a highway evolved by the accessibility and Functional Region - It is a geographical area, which
locational advantages provided by such roads. displays a certain functional coherence such as cities,
Development In order to carrying out of building, towns and village, which are functionally related.
engineering, mining or other operations in or over or
under land or water or making of any material change Farmland and open areas where there
in any building or land includes redevelopment and has been no residential, commercial or industrial
subdivision of any land. Development means socio- activity.
economic and physical development. It can be
understood as a process consisting of the following Growth Pole - (a) As per original concept by Perroux,
three sub-processes (a) production, (b) provision (in growth poles are centers or foci in abstract economic
term of infrastructure etc.,) and (c) utilization (or space from which centrifugal forces emanate and to
consumption) where the people have a choice and the which centripetal forces are attracted, (b) In regional
process is sustainable over a long period of time. planning growth poles are centers located in
geographical apace where, depending upon its
Development Controls - It is process through which propensity and potential, a variety of socio-economic
development carried out by many agencies, both by activities concentrate providing market for farm
public and private are checked in the benefit of whole produce and employment and emit development
society. impulse that support further development of its
influence area in practice, a hierarchy of such centers,
District - (a) An administrative division of a state in descending order is termed as Growth Pole, Growth
managed by a District Collector, (b) A planning unit in Center and Growth Point.
a large city or metropolis serving a population of
300,000 to 500,000 with a district center serving as Hamlet - It is less than a village and consists of a
its core and further divided into 3 to 5 communities, (c) dozen households and subsidiary to other settlements.
An Area where there is a large concentration of a
specific type of activity such as business district having Khasra - The term used in land revenue act & it
concentration of commercial activities, recreational indicates area of individual plot/field number.
district, airport district etc.
Literally red thread; used in the past
Easement (Servitude) - A right in respect of an object for demarcating the jurisdiction of a village. Presently
(as land owned by one person) in virtue of which the implies the boundary of the territory of village within
object (Land) is subjected to a specified use or which norms and controls of a municipality or urban
enjoyment by another person or for the benefit of development authority are not applicable.
another thing.

Land - Land includes benefits arising out of land, and Local Shopping Centre - A group of shops (not
things attached to earth permanently fastened to exceeding 75 in numbers) is serving a population of
anything attached to the earth. 15,000 persons.
Land cost - The amount of money given or set as the
amount to be given as consideration for the sale of a Management - It is the coordination of an organized
specific piece of land. effort to attain specific goals or objectives.
Land Development - The process of making Metropolitan Area - An area having a population of
undeveloped land ready for development through the 10 lakh or more comprised in one or more districts and
provision of utilities, services and access. consisting of two or more municipalities, or panchayats
or other contiguous area, specified by the governor
Land Ownership - The exclusive right of control and by public notification.
possession of a parcel of land.
Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) - A
Land Subdivision - The division of land in blocks, lots committee constituted under an Act, by the state
and lying out of streets government to prepare the draft development plan of
the metropolitan area.
Land use - A broad term used to classify land
according to present use and according to the Metropolitan Region - The area under influence of the
suitability for future users that is for housing or development impulse of a metropolis and comprising
residential, open spaces and parks, commercial and the Metro-core and metro-periphery.
industrial.
The combination of two or
Land use Plan - A guide for the location and intensity
of future development in a community. A land use plan single development project. Optimal mixed-use
is a part of a comprehensive plan which deals with the development promotes pedestrian activity and the
inter relationship between the different land uses. It creation of vibrant urban.
designates the present and future location, from, class
and extent (size) within a planning jurisdiction for Mortgage - A document that pledges the buyer's
residential, commercial, industrial and institutional property as security against a loan.
(public areas and buildings) use or reuse. The land use
plan includes a map and a written description of the Land vested with the public authority
different land use areas or districts. The land use plan for developmental purpose as per the stipulations of
serves as the guide for official land use decisions. the authority.
Zoning is one means of implementing a land use plan.
A use of land, building or
Land value - The value of land in area depends structures lawfully existing when a zoning ordinance or
primarily on its location and on the use to which it might amendment is passed by the city council, where the
be put. The value of property is the value, which is existing use does not comply with all the regulations
estimated on the basis of actual yearly sales and of the new ordinance or amendment.
lettings.
Any land area earmarked with the
Layout - The plan of a design or arrangement of help of legal provisions for the purpose of future
something that is laid out on a base. development, as stipulated in the Master Plan.
Local Government - It is that part of the government Outgrowth - Conglomeration of houses outside the
of nation which deals with mainly with matters formal units of a town, having high degree of
concerning the in habitants of a particular district or interdependence with the town.
place and which is thought desirable should be
administered by local authorities, subordinate to the Park - A premise used for recreational leisure activity.
central government. It may have on it related landscaping, parking facility,
public toilet, fencing etc. It will include synonyms like
lawn, open space, green etc.

within a given time when each stage may be expected

Patta - Title to land. Under the slum up gradating & to be completed.
resettlement schemes, land title is being given to the
residents in the hope that they would make further Re densification - This refers to the increase in the
investment to improve their own housing conditions & floor space area of a portion to accommodate
living standards. additional population for residential purposes or
other urban activities as a part of the urban
Peri-urban areas - These areas are the non-urban redevelopment or renewal programmes for the city or
areas close to cities and towns. They relate to both the the area. Often the process is applied to under-
urban areas they surround as well as the regions in utilized segments of the inner city to limit the horizontal
which they are located. It can be described as the expansion of the city and maximize the utilization of
landscape interface between town and country or also available infrastructure.
as the rural urban transition zone where urban and
rural uses mix and often clash. Region - Region is a continuous and localize
intermediate area between national and urban lands.
It is defined as an organized process by An area including one or more countries, which contain
which a society achieves its development goals. In certain geographical, economic and social
other words, it means to achieve development i.e., characteristics in common, is a region.
betterment of quality of life or Planning is the
establishment of goals, policies and procedures for Regional centers - Cities where there is a
social or economic. concentration of economic activities and facilities that
serve the entire region.
An agency Regional Periphery - In the context of a city-region,

for plan preparation, plan approval, plan the rest of the urban and rural area in a city-region
enforcement and plan implementation. It also means a excluding the regional core and comprising several
Regional Planning and Development Authority, sub-regions.
Metropolitan Planning and Development Authority or
an Area Planning and Development Authority Rules or orders having the force of law
constituted under the Social planning and issued by an executive authority of a government
Development Act. It seeks to achieve expanding usually under power granted by constitution of law,
opportunities for raising the standards of life, of the delegated by legislation.
whole population through deliberate steps initiated by
the government, influencing both economic activity and Resource Mobilization - Is to assemble and make
physical environment when necessary to achieve the ready for use organize for action.
end.
Restoration - The process of restoration is a highly
Playground - A premise used for outdoor games. It specialized operation. Its aim is to preserve and
may have on it landscaping parking, facilities, public reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument
toilets etc. and based on respect for original material and
authentic documents.
Policy - The intended purposes, mechanisms and
guidelines by which programmes are carried out. Restructuring - This refers to the development process
Policies are usually long-range commitments for which applied to alter the existing structure of an area for
immediate programmes can vary gently. improved functional efficiency and / or image. The
restructuring process may not necessarily demand
Preservation - Preservation means maintaining the extensive interventions to alter the structure, but
fabric (all the physical material) of as possible within generally involves sensitive relocation of uses and
a given time when each stage may be expected to be reorientation of functional networks within and outside
completed. the area.
Programme - It consists of deciding the order to A narrow land of

implement the plan, calculating as far as possible development extending along one or both sides of
road.

Urban Form - It is the collective three-dimensional

Rural Belt - A stretch of a country side around and expression of an urban area as represented by their
between towns predominantly serving as agriculture relationship to each other. The term built would refer
land and park land that may be owned by public or to buildings, city wall, vertical towers, flyovers etc,
private bodies. while open spaces would include streets, courtyards,
roads, parks, tot- lots, river beds etc. Size, shape,
Rural-Urban Migration - A pattern of migration grain and texture of an area are some of the
where the movement of people is from rural areas to characteristics, which determine the nature of urban
urban centers. form.
It is a map referred in the land revenue Urban Fringe - A physically defined transitional area
act applicable to rural areas. This map contained the bordering a city, characterized by a mix of both
details of all the khasra(field) numbers, name of the urban and rural form and functions.
owner , nature of land & any other information
pertaining to particular field number. Low density, single use development
spreading out form an urban core in a haphazard
Services - It comprises the whole system of activities manner those results in increased dependency on the
namely educational, medical, cultural, recreational, automobile & inefficient use of infrastructure.
transport rendering services, which are highly
desirable for socio- cultural enrichment of community
life. Transportation
Site and Services - The subdivision of urban land and Arterial Street- It is a street primary meant for through
the provision of services for residential use and traffic on a continuous route.
complimentary commercial use. Site and services
projects are aimed to improve the housing conditions Carriageway - It is the width of the roadway
of the low-income groups of the population by excluding the shoulders. It is paved width of the road
providing (a) Site: the access to a piece of land where surface.
people can build their own dwelling. (b) Services: the
opportunity of access to employment, utilities, service Circulation - System of movement / passage of
and community facilities, financing and people, goods from place to place, streets, walkways,
communications. parking area etc.
An area with a town of at least Collector Street - A collector street is one intended for
50000 people with continuous growth around it, collecting and distributing traffic to and from street
encompassing a number of smaller towns & rural and for providing access to Sub- Arterial Street.
settlements based around the core town, with the
possibility of being urbanized within the next couple District Road are the roads
of decades. transferring each district, serving area of production
and markets and connecting to these with each other
Statutory Planning Practices - It includes those plans or national or state highways.
formulated and adopted for implementation by the
authority of the state or central government as the Express Way - These are divided arterial highway for
case may be set up for that purpose. motor traffic, with full or partial control of access and
provided generally with grade separation at
Tot-lot - The green areas which are integrated in a intersections. It connects major activity areas and its
residential development with a view to provide safe main function is to provide for movement of heavy
and supervised play area for 4 year + age group. volumes of motor traffic at high speed.
Urban Fabric - This refers to the manner in which urban Flow - It is the number of vehicles passing a specified
tissues, either uniform or diverse in nature are knitted point during a stated period of time, which is usually
together with the urban structure to form an entity. expressed in vehicles per hour.

Hierarchy of Road - Roads are generally classified

Passenger Car Unit (PCU) - To express capacity of
roads, the term passenger car unit is used. The basic
Journey speed - It is the effective speed of a vehicle consideration behind this practice is that different
between two points, i.e. total distance / total journey types of vehicles offer different degrees of
time (including delays). interference to other traffic and it is necessary to bring
all types to a common unit. The common unit adopted
Level of Services - It is a qualitative measure is called 'passenger car unit'.
describing operational conditions within a traffic
stream and their perception by drivers or passengers. Peak Hour Factor - It is defined as the traffic volume
Six levels of service are recognized commonly during peak hour expressed as a percentage of the
designated from A to F where A represents the best ADT.
operating condition (i.e. free flow) and F is the worst
(i.e. forced flow). Public Transportation System - These are modes of
passenger transport that are open that are open for
Local Street - A local street is one primarily intended public use.
for access to residence, business or other abutting
property. Right of Way - It is the width of the land secured and
preserved for the public road purposes. It should be
National Highway National Highways are the adequate to accommodate all the elements that make
important or main highways running through the length up the cross-section of the highway and may
and breadth of the country, connecting ports, reasonably provide for future development.
highways and capitals of states and including roads
of strategic and military value. Road/Street - Any highway, street lane, pathway,
alley, stairway, passageway, carriage-way, footway,
Nodes - They are the points, strategic spots in a city square, place or bridge, a thoroughfare or not, over
into which are the intensive foci to and from which he which the public have a right of passage or access or
is travelling. They may be primarily junctions, places have passed uninterruptedly for a specified period,
of a break in transportation, a crossing or whether existing or proposed in any scheme, and
convergence of paths, moments of shift from one includes and all bunds, channel, ditches, storm water
structure to another, or the nodes may be simply drains, culverts, sidewalks, traffic islands, roadside
concentrations, which gain their importance from being trees and hedges, retaining walls, fences, barriers and
the condensation of some use of physical character as railings within the street lines.
a street corner hangout or an enclosed square.
Rural Roads - National Highways, State Highways,
Origin and Destination Survey - A survey to Other District Roads and Village Roads.
determine the origin and destination of journeys.
Service Lanes - Service lanes are roads provided
Parking Accumulation - The total number of vehicles adjacent to major roads on both sides. They will be
parked in an area at a specified time. connected with the major road once in a kilometer or
so. This is to control the access to major roads so that
Parking Duration - The length of time spent in a thorough traffic is not disturbed much.
parking space.
State Highway - They are the other main trunk or
Parking Index - Percentage of the theoretically arterial roads of a state, connecting up with national
available number of parking bays actually occupied headquarters and important cities within the state.
by parked vehicles.
Sub Arterial Street- Provide access to adjoining areas
Parking Turnover - Rate of the usage of available and are used for parking, loading, unloading, are
parking space. usually restricted and regulated.
Parking Volume - The number of vehicles parked in a Time Mean Speed - It is the average of the speed
particular area over a given period of time. It is measurements at one point in space over a period of
usually measured in vehicles per day. time.

Biome - An area dominated with similar plant species

Traffic Capacity - The maximum number of vehicles, and ecological community extending over the same
which has a reasonable expectation of passing over a physiography region.
given section of a lane or a roadway in one direction.
Biosphere - The zone occupied by living organism at
Traffic Volume - It is the actual number of vehicles the common boundary of earth's lithosphere,
observed or predicted to be passing a point during a hydrosphere and atmosphere.
given time interval.
Carrying Capacity - The carrying capacity of a
Trip - biological species in an environment is the maximum
and a point of destination. population size of the species that the environment can
sustain indefinitely, given the food habitat, water, and
Urban Roads - Expressways, Arterial roads, Sub- other necessities available in the environment.
arterial Road, Collector Roads and Local Roads In population biology, carrying capacity is defined as
the environment's maximal load.
Volume/ Count Ratio (V/C Ratio) - The ratio of the
volume of the facility over the capacity. It is a measure Catchment - A three-dimensional land system or
of congestion of the facility. drainage basin, which converts precipitation and
groundwater, inputs to stream flow and whose
components are assessed in terms of influence on these
Infrastructure and Environment processes. The area of land draining into a stream or
a watercourse at a given location is known as
Absorption - The conversion of radiation to another catchment area or Drainage area or Drainage basin.
form of energy.
Air Quality Standards - Levels of atmospheric Cesspool - Underground catch basin that is used
contamination by specific pollutants or under laws or where there is no sewer and into which household
ordinances enforced by municipal or state government sewage or other liquid waste is drained to permit
or regional agencies. leaching of the liquid into the surrounding soil.
Albedo - An index of the reflecting power of a Channel flow - The confinement and concentration of
surface. It is usually used of short-wave radiation. the surface water movement in a fluvial channel.
Light-colored surfaces such as ice have a high albedo.
Channel network - The pattern and connectivity of all
Aquifer - Rocks and sediments capable of storing channels draining attachment.
groundwater.
Climbers - Plants, which have special structure to climb
Atmosphere - Earth's envelope of gases, representing on supports, are defined as climbers.
the lightest, volatile products of geological and
biological fractionation retained by gravity or a unit A large area of land
of pressure, one atmosphere will support a column of transformed into a wooded landscape by a
mercury measuring 760 mm in height at sea level. partnership of local authorities, national agencies and
private, voluntary and community organizations to
Biodiversity - The variability among living organisms support employment, recreation, education and
and the ecological complexes of which they are a wildlife.
part, this includes diversity within species between
species and of ecosystems (UN Conference on Composting - The process that converts
Environment and Development 1992) biodegradable material such as garden or kitchen
waste, in the presence of oxygen improver.
Biomass - The total weight of biological organisms Composting can be done at different scales, from
within a specified unit (area, community, population). home composting to a large centralized facility.
Conservation - Conservation is the action taken to

prevent decay. It embraces all acts that prolong the

life of our culture and natural heritage, the object Environmental Impact - It is the sum of the short term
being to project to those who use and look at historical and long term effects of any proposed actions (or
buildings, which such building possess. Conservation absence of action) on man himself and on the physical,
means all processes, of looking after a place (means biological and socio-economic environment including
site, area, building or other works, group of buildings the effects of policies, legislative, proposals,
or other works together with pertinent contents and programmes, projects and operational practices.
surroundings) so as to retain its cultural significance. It
includes maintenance, and May, according to Environmental Impact Assessment- Environmental
circumstances, including adaptation and will be Impact Assessment (EIA) is an important management
commonly a combination or more than one of these. tool for ensuring optimal use of natural resources for
sustainable development.
Decibel - The universal measure of loudness is called
decibel, usually abbreviated as DB. Zero decibels is Epicenter -
the threshold of the hearing, while 85 DB is usually above the focus are called the Epicenter.
considered loud enough to cause damage to the ear.
Flood Plain - A low-lying land surface prone to
Dhalao - A premise used for collection of garbage for episodic river floods and associated alluvial
its onward transport to disposal site. sedimentation.
A hazard might lead to a disaster. A An area of land protected from

disaster by itself is an impact of a hazard on a development to prevent built up areas from merging,
protect the character of towns and countryside and
overwhelms that capacity to cope with. aid urban regeneration.
Drainage Density - The total stream channel length
per unit land surface area, normally calculated for an Green House Effect - The condition in which the earth's
entire drainage basin. average global temperature is normally higher than
predicated by radiation laws by virtue of the
Ecological footprint- The impact of a person or presence of capable of absorbing outgoing long-
community on the environment, expressed as the wave radiation.
amount of land required to sustain their use of natural
resources. Ground level concentration - The solid, liquid or
gaseous materials per unit volume of air, from 0 to 2
Ecology - Study of the earth's households including the meters above the ground level.
plants, animals, microorganisms and people that live
together as interdependent components. Ground water - The portion of all subsurface water
stored in saturated rock below the water table,
Ecosystem - Open system comprising plants, animals sometimes extended to include water in the overlying
and their environment, which is evolved in the flow of unsaturated layer.
energy and the circular of matter.
A property or situation that in particular that
Ecosystem services- Humankind benefits in a in particular circumstances could lead to harm. More
multitude of ways from ecosystems. Collectively, these specific, a hazard is a potentially damaging physical
benefits are becoming known as ecosystem services. event, phenomenon or human activity, which may
Ecosystem services are grouped into four broad cause the loss of life or injury, property damage,
categories: provisioning, such as the production of social and economic disruption or environmental
food and water; regulating, such as the control of degradation. Hazards can be single, sequential or
climate and disease; supporting, such as nutrient combined in their origin and effects. Each hazard is
cycles and crop pollination; and cultural, such as characterized by its location, intensity and
spiritual and recreational benefits. probability.
Effluent- Outflow or discharge from a sewer or Infrastructure - It is the basic facilities, which any
sewage treatment plant. developed area requires sustaining the activity being
carried out in it. Infrastructure may be physical or
social.

Landfill - Depositions of refuse on land with cover on Protected Forest - Those forest areas, which are to be
a weekly or more frequent basis so that no nuisance conserved to attain physical and climatic balance of
or insult to the environment results. the country. Special license for particular activities
have to be procured. A protected forest is a specific
Microclimate - The climate of the land surface, term to denote forests with some amount of legal, and
extending no more than a few meters above ground / or constitutional protection in certain countries,
and strongly influenced by its material, morphological besides being a generic term to denote forests where
and organic components. the habitat and resident species are legally accorded
protection and are protected from any further
Natural Resources - Any portion of natural depletion. In India, the term was first introduced in the
Indian Forest Act, 1927 to denote forests with a limited
minerals or human population or that man can utilize amount of protection in British India. The category of
to promote his welfare. protection, and the term was retained after Indian
independence.
Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) - The change in the
biomass of an ecosystem per unit time, equivalent to Public Utilities - It comprises all those services of
net primary productivity minus losses due to grazing necessity, which are required in the interest of health,
by herbivores. and convenience of the population. They include
system of public transport, water supply, sewerage,
Non Renewable Resources - Resources, which are storm water drainage, gas, electricity, street lighting,
used and not replaced i.e. all non-energy mineral telephones, fire protection and such other services.
resources and mineral energy resources.
Renewable Resources - Resources that are
Open forests - are mixtures of trees, shrubs and replenished through relatively rapid natural cycles.
grasses in which, unlike closed forests, the tree
canopies do not form a continuous closed cover. They Reserved Forest - Those forest areas, which are to be
occur in savanna environments in the semi-arid, sub- censured to attain physical and climatic balance of the
humid and humid tropics. country. No permission for any activities is allowed
there.
PH Value - The measure of acidity or alkalinity of a
substance, measured by the number of hydrogen ions Resource Conservation - It is defined as planned
per liter, on a logarithmic scale where neutrality is management of natural sources to prevent natural
equal to 7. Acidic or alkaline substances have pH exploitation, destruction or neglect. It also includes
value more or less than 7 respectively. utilization of natural resources especially by a
manufacture so as to prevent wasting of resources and
(a) Water Supply (b) ensure future use of resource that has been depleted.
Sewage Disposal (c) Drainage (d) Solid Waste
Disposal (e) Power Supply. Resource Utilization - It is the rate at which the
resources are used. Site and Services - The subdivision
A group of plants which when of urban land and the provision of services for
form a distinct combination of species in the landscape residential use and complimentary commercial use.
and which interact with each other. Site and services projects are aimed to improve the
housing conditions of the low income groups of the
Pollution - Presence of any substance in air or water population by providing (a) Site : the access to a
in such a concentration that may be or tend to be piece of land where people can build their own
injurious to human beings or other living creatures or dwelling. (b) Services : the opportunity of access to
plants or to the air or water itself could be referred employment, utilities, service and community
to as pollution. facilities, financing and communications.
Protected Area - It means any archeological site or Resources - That upon which one relies for aid,
remains, which is declared by the Central Government support or supply/ means to attain given ends of the
to be of national importance.

capacity to take advantage of opportunities or to 1. Residential Plot - Plotted Housing - A premises

extricate oneself from difficulties. for one or more than one dwelling unit and may
have on it one main building block and one
Risk - A combination of the probabilities or frequency accessory block for garage / garages and
of occurrence of a defined hazard & the magnitude servant quarters.
of the consequences of the occurrence It is defined as
the probability of harmful consequences, or expected 2. Residential Plot - Group Housing
loss resulting from interactions between natural or of size not less than 4.000sqm comprising of
human induced hazards. residential flats with basic amenities like parking,
park convenience shop, public utility etc.
Sewage - The effluent in a sewer network.
3. Residential Flat Residential accommodation for
Sewer - The conduit in a subterranean network used one family (one household) which may occur as
to carry off water and waste matter. part of group housing or independently.
Sewerage System - It is the network system of sewers 4. A premise

in a city or town or locality. providing accommodation for one family (one
household) and its workspace restricted to ground
Social Infrastructure - (a) Health (b) Education (c) floor. The premises are allowed only in public
Communications (d) Security (e) Fire Safety (f) Other housing schemes.
facilities such as milk booths, petrol and gas stations,
barat ghars, dharamshalas etc. 5. Residential Premises-Special Area - A premises
providing residential accommodation in special
Sullage - Drainage or refuge especially from a house, area with or without mixed use as given in special
farm, yard or street. area regulations.
Sustainable Development - Development that meets 6. Foreign Mission - A premises for office and other
the needs of the present without compromising the uses of a foreign mission as per the regulations in
ability of the future generations to meet their own this regard.
needs.
7. Hostel - A premises in which rooms attached to
Village Forest - An "Important Common Forest" in
India is a specific term which refers to forests term basis.
governed by local communities in a way compatible
with sustainable development, and can be of various 8. Guest house, Boarding House and Lodging
types. Such forests are typically called village forests House - Guest house in premises for housing the
or Panchayat forests, reflecting the fact that the staff of Govt., Semi-Govt., Public undertaking and
administration and resource utilization of the forest Private Limited Company for short durations.
occurs at the village and Panchayat (an elected rural Boarding House is a premise in which rooms are
body) levels. let out on a long- term basis as compared to
hotels. Lodging House is a premises used for
Vulnerability It is a degree of fragility of a person, lodging of less than 15 persons.
a group, a community or an area towards defined
hazards. It is defined as a set of conditions and 9. Dharamshala and its equivalent - A premises
processes resulting from physical, social, economic and providing temporary accommodation for short
environmental factors, which increase the susceptibility duration on no profit basis.
of a community to the impact of hazards.
10. A premises used for marriage and
other social functions and run by public agency.
Schedule to the Development Code
Definition of use premises:- 11. A premise providing night
accommodation to individuals without and charges
with token charges. Local government or voluntary
agencies may run it.

23. Oil Depot - A premises for storage of petroleum

12. Retail Shop - A premises for sale of commodities products with all related facilities.
directly to consumer with necessary storage.
24. Junk Yard - A premises for covered, semi-covered
13. Repair Shop - A premises equivalent of retail shop or open storage including sale and purchase of
for carrying out repair of household goods, waste goods, commodities and materials.
electronic gadgets, automobiles, cycles etc.
25. Commercial Office - A premises used for office
14. A premises equivalent of profit making organizations.
of a retail shop providing personnel services like
tailor, barber etc. 26. Bank - A premises for office to perform banking
functions and operation.
15. Vending Booth - A premises in the form of booth
for sale of commodities of daily needs either 27. A premises for
through a mechanical installation or otherwise. servicing and repair of automobiles.
16. Convenience shopping Centre - A group of shops 28. Cinema - A premises with facilities for projection
not exceeding 50 in number in residential area for movies and stills for can audience including an
serving a population of about 5,000 persons. auditorium for other audience.
17. Local Shopping Centre - A group of shops not 29. Petrol Pump - A premises for sale of petroleum
exceeding 75 in number in residential area products to consumer. It may include servicing of
serving a population of 15,000 persons. automobiles.
18. Weekly market/Informal Sector Unit - An area 30. Restaurant - A premises used for serving food
used in a week by a group of informal shop items on commercial basis including cooking
establishment in the form of a market. These facilities. It may have covered or open space or
markets shift form one area to another in different both for sitting arrangement.
days of the week.
Informal Unit: retail/Service unit, stationery or 31. Hotel - A premises used for lodging of 15 persons
mobile, working without roof including small khokhas or more on payment with or without meals.
on roadside.
32. A premises located near main highways
19. Wholesale Trade and outside urbanisable limits for catering to the
and commodities are sold delivered to retailers. convenience of persons travelling by road.
The premises included storage and godown and
loading and unloading facilities. 33. Flatted group industry - A premises having a
group of small industrial units having upto 50
20. Storage, Godown and Warehousing - A premises workers with non- hazardous performance. These
for exclusive use of storage of goods and units may be located in multi- storied buildings.
commodities in manner as per the requirements of
respective commodities. The premises included the 34. Service Centre - A premise essentially having
related loading and unloading facilities by Road repair shops for automobiles, electrical
transport or Rail transport as the case may be. appliances, building material etc. to provide
essential services to neighboring residential areas.
21. Cold Storage - A premises where perishable
commodities are stored in covered space using 35. Industrial Plot-Light Industry - A premises for
mechanical and electrical device to maintain the industrial unit having up to 50 workers with non-
required temperature etc. hazardous performance.
22. Gas Godown - A premises where cylinder of 36. Industrial Plot-Extensive industry - A premises
cooking gas or other gas are stored. for industrial units having up to 50 workers in case

of new extensive industrial units and 500 workers

for existing units. 49. Zoological Garden Aquarium - A premises in the
form of garden or park or aquarium with a
37. Industrial Premises -Extractive Industry - A collection of animals, species and birds for
premise for carrying out quarrying or extraction exhibition and study. It shall include all related
of stone and sub-soil material respectively. facilities.
38. Industrial Plot-Industry Specific type - A premise 50. Bird sanctuary

for an industrial unit within a group of such units park or forest for preservation and breeding of
for manufacturing of specific products like birds with al related facilities.
electronic goods etc.
51. Botanical Garden - A premises in the form of a
39. Park - A premises used for recreational leisure garden with plantation for research and
activity. It may have on it related landscaping, exhibition.
parking facilities, public toilet, fencing etc. It will
include synonymous like lawn, open space, green 52. Specialized Park/Ground - A premises having a
etc. park or ground for a designated use like public
meeting grounds, Fun Park, wonder land etc.
40. Play Ground - A premises used for outdoor
games. It may have on it landscaping, parking 53. Planetarium - A premises for short duration stay,
facilities, public toilet etc. for recreation or leisure purpose, of a family
located within a tourist and or recreational center.
41. Outdoor games stadium - A premises for outdoor
games with pavilion building and stadium 54. Flying Club - A premises used of training and fun
structure to seat spectators including related rides on gliders and other aircraft. It may include
facilities for players. other activities like recreational club and indoor
games.
42. Indoor Games Stadium - A premises for indoor
stadium with play area and spectators seating 55. Cargo and Booking Office - A premises used for
including related facilities for players. booking office and storage of goods by an
airline.
43. Indoor Games hall - A premise providing
enclosed space for indoor games including 56. Railway Freight Godown - A premises for
related facilities for players. storage of goods transported by the railways.
44. Shooting Range - A premises with related 57. Railway Booking Office - A premises used for the
facilities for shooting practice and or sports. offices of railways for purpose of booking for
passengers travel.
45. Swimming Pool - A premises with facilities for
swimming and spectators seating, which shall vary 58. Road transport booking office - A premises used
size, standard and purpose. for the office of road transport agency. It may or
may not include godown.
46. Recreational Club - A premises used for
gathering of group of persons for social and 59. Parking - A premises used for parking of vehicles.
recreational purposes with all related facilities. The public parking lots may be run on commercial
or non- commercial basis.
47. Historical Monuments - A premises having
structure or ruins there of belonging to an age 60. Taxi and Three wheeler stand - A premises to be
gone past. used for parking of intermediate public transport
vehicles run on commercial basis. The parking lots
48. A premises having the tomb, may be run on commercial or non-commercial
Samadhi or memorial dedicated to an important basis.
personality including all related facilities for
visitors.

61. Bus Terminal - A premises used by public 66. Public Undertaking Office - A premises used for
transport agency to park the buses for short the offices of a company established under the
duration to serve the population. It may include Act of public enterprises bureau.
the related facilities for passengers.
67. International Conference Centre - A premises
62. Bus Depot - A premises used by a public transport having all facilities for a conference meeting
agency or any other such agency for parking symposium etc. where a number of different
maintenance and repair of buses. This may or may countries will be participating.
not include a workshop.
68. Courts - A premises used for the offices of
63. Public Utility Premise- judiciary.
A premises having an overhead tank 69. Government Land (use undetermined) - A

of storage and supply of water to its neighboring premises of Government land for which the use is
areas. It may or may not include a pump house. undetermined.
Underground Pond - A premise having an 70. Hospital - A premises providing medical facilities
underground tank for storage and supply of water to of general of specialized nature for treatment of
its neighboring areas. It may or may not include a indoor and outdoor patients.
pump house.
71. Health Centre - A premises having facilities for
Oxidation Pond - A premises having a tank use for treatment of indoor and outdoor patients having
the oxidation process for sewerage and other waste. up to 30 beds. A public or a charitable institution
on non-commercial basis may manage the health
Septic Tank - A premises having an underground tank center. It includes family welfare center.
for collection of sewerage and its consequent disposal.
72. Nursing Home - A premises having medical
Sewerage Pumping Station - A premises with a facilities for indoor and outdoor patients having
pumping station used for pumping sewerage on to a up to 30 beds. A doctor or a group of doctors on
higher gradient. commercial basis shall manage it.
Public Toilet and Urinal - A premises having latrine 73. Dispensary - A premises having facilities for
and urinals for use of public. It may or may not include medical advice and provision of medicines
drinking water facility. managed by public or charitable institutions.
Electric Sub-station - A premises having electrical 74. Clinic - A premises with facilities for treatment of
installation and transformer for distribution of power. outdoor patients by a doctor. In case of a
polyclinic, it shall be managed by a group of
Dhallao and Dustbin - A premises used for collection doctors.
land-fill. 75. Clinical Laboratory - A premises with facilities for

carrying out various tests for confirmation of
A premise used for cleaning and drying symptoms of a disease.
of clothes / linen by washerman.
76. Voluntary Health Service - A premises having
64. Central Government Office - A premises used for medical facilities for treatment of outdoor patients
the offices of Union Government. and other like blood bank etc. by voluntary
institutions. This service may also take the form of
65. Local Government Office - A premises used for temporary camp with charitable motive.
offices of Local Government and Local Bodies.
77. Creche and Day Care Centre - A premises having
nursery facilities for infants during daytime. An

individual of an institution on commercial or non- 88. A premises having a large collection of

commercial basis may manage the center. books for reading and reference for general
public or specific class.
78. Nursery and Kindergarten School - A premises
with facilities for training and playing for children 89. Technical Training Centre - A premises with
preparatory to the school. facilities for training in discipline of technical
nature. It includes technical schools, industrial
79. Primary School - A premises having educational training institute etc.
and playing facilities for students up to V
standard. 90. Commercial and Secretarial Training Centre - A
premises having training facilities for stenography
80. Secondary School - A premises having correspondence, record keeping etc.
educational and playing facilities for students
from V1 to X standard. It shall include existing 91. Music, Dance and Drama Training Centre - A
cases of middle school, which are upto VIII premises having facilities for imparting training
standard for the purpose of this code. and coaching for music, dance and dramatics.
81. Senior Secondary School - A premises having 92. Sports Training Centre - A premises having
educational and playing facilities for students facilities for training and coaching for different
from VIth to XIIth standard. indoor and outdoor games including swimming. It
shall also include center for physical education.
82. Integrated School - A premises having
93. Motor Driving Training Centre - A premises
upto XII standard. having facilities for training of driving
automobiles.
83. Integrated Residential School - A premises
having educational and playing facilities for 94. Children Traffic Park - A premises in the form of
students upto XII standard. It shall have boarding a park with facilities for introducing and
facilities for students and may have residence for educating children about traffic and signaling.
facility members.
95. Museum - A premises with facilities for storage
84. College - A premises with educational and and exhibition of Objects illustrating antiques,
playing facilities for students of under-graduate natural history, art etc.
& post-graduate courses under a university. It
includes all professional disciplines. 96. Exhibition Centre and Art Gallery - A premises
with facilities for exhibition and display of
85. Vocational Training Institute - A premises with paintings, photographs, sculptures, murals,
training facilities for short-term courses for ceramics, handicrafts or products of a specific
discipline, preparatory to the employment in class.
certain profession and trade. Public or charitable
institution shall run it on non-commercial basis. It 97. Auditorium - A premises having an enclosed
includes training-cum-work center. space to seat audience and stage for various
performances like concerts, play, music, functions
86. Social Welfare Centre - A premises with facilities etc.
for welfare and promotion of community
development. A public or charitable institution 98. Open Air Theatre - A premises having facilities
shall run it. for audience seating and a stage for performance
and open to sky.
87. Research and Development Centre - A premises
providing facilities for research and development 99. Community Hall - A premises having an enclosed
for any specific field. space for various social and cultural activities of
neighbourhood of 15,000 populations.

100. Fair Grounds - A premises having facilities 112. Jail - A premises with facilities for detention,
for exhibition and display and other cultural confinement and reform of criminals under the
activities for a group of participants. law.
101. Cultural and Information Centre - A premises 113. Fire Post - A premises with lesser degree of
with facilities for cultural and information services facilities for firefighting. The post may be
for an institution, state and country. attached to specific premises with fire prone
activities.
102. Social and Cultural Institute - A premises
with facilities for activities of socio-cultural nature 114. Fire Station - A premises with facilities for the
run by a public, voluntary or individual on fighting for a catchment area assigned to it. It may
primarily non-commercial basis. include residence of essential staff.
103. Reformatory - A premises with facilities for 115. Post Office - A premises with facilities for
confinement and reform of offenders. postal communication for use by the public.
104. Orphanage - A premises with facilities for 116. Post and Telegraph office - A premises with
boarding of children who are bereaved of facilities for postal and telecommunication for use
parents. It may or may not have educational by the public.
facilities.
117. General and Head Post Office - A premises
105. Religious - A premises dedicated to with facilities for postal and telecommunication to
accommodation and service of God or other and from a number of post offices attached to it.
objects of religious nature. It may have different
nomenclature in different religion like temple (all 118. Telephone Exchange - A premises having
fait's), mosque, church, gurudwara, syangoue, facilities for central operation of telephone system
ashram, bathing ghat, gaushala. for a designated area.
106. Yoga Meditation, Spiritual and Religious 119. Radio and Television Station - A premises
A premises having facilities with facilities for recording, broadcast and
for self-attainment, achieving higher quality of transmission of news and other programmes
mind and body, spiritual and religious course etc. through the respective medium. It may include
some hostel accommodation for guest artist,
107. Police Post - A premises having facilities for transmission facilities like towers.
a local police post of temporary nature or on
smaller scale as compared to a police station. 120. Transmission Tower and Wireless Station -
A premises used for installation of a tower for
108. Police Station - A premises having facilities communication purposes.
for the offices of local police post.
121. Satellite and Tele-Communication Centre - A
109. District Police Office - A premises having premises with facilities for research and
facilities for the offices of paramilitary forces. development of satellite and telecommunication
technology.
110. Civil Defence and Home Guard - A premises
having facilities for offices and other functions of 122. Observatory and Weather Office - A
civilian organisation for internal defence. premises with facilities for research and
development of data relating to weather and
111. Forensic Science Laboratory - A premises forecasting thereof.
containing facilities for application of medical
knowledge to legal problems. 123. Burial Ground - A premises with facilities for
burying of dead bodies.

124. Cremation Ground - A premises with facilities forest, which may have part natural flora and part
of performing last rites of dead bodies by manmade flora.
burning.
130. Dairy Farm - A premises with facilities for
125. Cemetery - A premises with facilities for rearing and processing of dairy products. It may
burying of dead bodies by Christian community. have temporary structure for sheds of animals and
birds.
126. Electric Crematorium - A premises with
facilities for disposing off the dead body in an 131. Poultry Farm - A premises with facilities for
electric furnace. rearing and processing of dairy products. It may
have temporary structure for sheds of birds.
127. Orchard - A premises with a thick growth of
fruit trees. It may also include garden with fruit 132. Piggery - A premises with facilities for rearing
trees. and processing of piggery products. It may have
temporary structure for sheds of pigs.
128. Plant Nursery - A premises with facilities for
rearing and sale of young plants. 133. Farm House - A dwelling house on a farm.
129. Forest - A premises with thick natural flora. In 134. Rural Centre - A premises having facilities for
case of Union Territory of Delhi, it shall include city different functions for a certain number of villages
it caters to.

Types of Plans

Perspective plan defines the Development Plan is a

vision and focuses on the spatio - economic statutory plan prepared (under relevant Act) within
development policies, strategies and programmes the framework of an approved perspective plan. The
towards the intended development of the State. The objective of development plan is to provide further
Perspective Plan of a State could include - State necessary details and intended actions in the form of
Urbanization Policy and State Land Utilization Policy. strategies and physical proposals for various policies
The plan is based on state resource mapping, given in the perspective plan and regional plan
analysis, and assessment of potential resources. It depending upon the economic and social needs and
addresses the long-term policies regarding aspiration of the people, available resources and
development of infrastructure and resource priorities. Proposals of a development plan should be
mobilization. The scope of this plan covers the social, definite, supported by an implementation strategy
economic, environmental and spatial development and evaluation criteria. It makes known publicly the
goals, policies and priorities relating to the activities intention of the local authority regarding physical,
that have spatial and financial implications. The social and economic development, the facilities and
purpose of a perspective plan is to provide an overall the services that are proposed to be provided in the
framework for preparation of detailed plans. near future. The approved development plan allows
Therefore, it serves as a guide for urban local the local authority to implement development of the
authorities and regional development authorities in land area specified under the plan with the help of
preparation of the regional and development plans. local area plan and projects.
Regional Plan- For planned and sustainable Structure Planning- Structure Plan is to serve as a
development of the human settlements, the regional planning tool, which directs the growth and zones of
planning approach needs to be promoted. The planning, but is not as precise as the development
planning regions could be classified under these three plan (such as the Structure Plan for Bangaluru
heads: (a) Administrative Regions, which can be Metropolitan Region). Structure Plans may be
District Regions or Metropolitan Regions as per the considered as an overarching Development plan for
recommendations of the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Metropolitan Regions, allowing broad framework
Amendment Act, (b) Investment Regions, which can be and flexibility.
new investment manufacturing zones, industrial and
freight corridors, regions which are sensitive in terms Local Area Plan-
of environment/socio-economic or political aspects. should shift to local area plans, which could
States undertake Urban and Regional Planning under encourage decentralization and improve
a variety of statues such as the Town and Country implementation of Development Plans. In view of the
Planning Act, Municipal Laws, Urban/Metropolitan 73rd and 74th CAA, planning decision and
Planning / development Act, Improvement trust Act, implementation of plans should be disaggregated in
Industrial Development Act, Cantonment Board Act, order to bring the process closer to the local people.
and Major Ports Act etc. This would enhance the signifies of Local Area Plans.
Local Area Plans are to be prepared to guide the
Master Plan - A comprehensive long-range plan development or re-development of land, conservation
intended to guide the growth and development of a of buildings and physical features, providing
city, town or region expressing official contemplation improvements in the physical layout, making
on the course its transportation, housing and infrastructure and amenities available and managing
community facilities should take and making the area the quality of living, environment, and for
proposals for industrial settlement, commence area specific regulatory parameters. The plan should
population distribution and other aspects of growth delineate reservation of land for roads and other
and development. Few aspects of the city process public other public purposes, for construction,
are aroused for controversy than the master plan. reclamation etc. The plan should provide a
Conceptions of what it should be to run the gamut for framework for recovery of the associated costs for
the future down to the simple zoning scheme. No public projects, by mechanism like levy of betterment
master plan can fulfill the specification in the face of charges, charges on additional development rights,
recurring changes caused by industrialization, and appropriate user charges.
population shift, traffic increase, urbanization and
periodic political undulations. Special Purpose Plan - Special Purpose Plan can
be prepared for specific development sectors

depending on its economic and environmental Supplement to budget documents on ULBs,
importance. Depending on the urgency of the need Sustainability, Environmental and heritage
and priority of the sector requiring special treatment protection,
and covering special aerial extent, Special Purpose Theme based development such as tourism, IT
Plans for specific subjects can be prepared. However etc.
these plans are to be within the framework of the
Regional Plan, development Plan or Local Area Plan
Annual Plan- An Annual Plan would contain the
in the jurisdiction of the local authority. These plans
details of the new and ongoing projects that the local
may also emerge to serve the purpose of urban
authority intends to implement during each financial
planning needs under different Central and State
year for necessary financial resource mobilization
Government grants, funding schemes (see endnote)/
and monitoring its performance. The annual plan is to
programmes with an aim to:
be prepared by the local authority in each financial
year to identify the new projects, which the authority
Encourage reforms and fast track planned will undertake for implementation during the year,
development of cities, peri-urban areas, taking into account the physical and fiscal
outgrowths, urban corridors, and others, performance of the preceding year, the priorities, the
Scale-up delivery of civic amenities and policies and proposals contained in the approved
provision of utilities with emphasis on Regional Plan, Development Plan or Local Area Plan.
universal access to the urban poor,
Special focus on urban renewal Programme,

Land Use Classification

Urban Land Use Classification:
Level I Level II
N A-N Use Category N A-N Use Zone
1 R Residential 11 R-1 Primary residential Zone

12 R-2 Un-planned / Informal residential Zone
2 C Commercial 21 C-1 Retail Shopping Zone
22 C-2 General Business and Commercial Districts / Centers
23 C-3 Wholesale, Godowns, Warehousing/Regulated markets
24 C-4 Service Sector
Regulated/Informal/weekly Markets (TCPO Study on Zoning
25 C-5
regulations
3 I Industry 31 I -1 Service and Light Industry
32 I -2 Extensive and Heavy Industry
33 I -3 Special Industrial Zone - Hazardous, Noxious and Chemicals
4 PS Public and Semi - Public 41 PS-1 Govt./Semi Govt./Public Offices

42 PS-2 Govt. Land (use Undetermined)
43 PS-3 Police headquarters / Station, Police line
44 PS-4 Educational and Research
45 PS-5 Medical and Health
Social Cultural and Religious(including Cremation and Burial
46 PS-6
Grounds)
47 PS-7 Utilities and Services
5 M Mixed Use 51 M-1 Mixed Industrial Use Zone
52 M-2 Mixed Residential Zone
53 M-3 Mixed Commercial Zone
6 P Recreational 61 P-1 Playgrounds / Stadium / Sports Complex
62 P-2 Parks and gardens-Public open spaces
63 P-3 Multi-open space (Maidan)
Transportation and
7 T 71 T-1 Roads / BRTS
Communication
72 T-2 Railway / MRTS
73 T-3 Airport
74 T-4 Seaports and Dockyards
75 T-5 Bus Depot / trucks terminals and freight Complexes
76 T-6 Transmission and Communication
8 A Primary Activity 81 PA-1 Agriculture

82 PA-2 Forest and Horticulture

84 PA-4 Rural settlements

85 PA-5 Brick Kiln and Extractive Areas
86 PA-6 Others (fishing, pottery etc.)
Protective and
9 E 91 E-1 Water Bodies
Undevelopable Use Zone
Special recreation Zone / Protective Areas such as
92 E-2
Sanctuaries/reserve forest and Eco-sensitive zone
93 E-3 Undevelopable Use Zone
10 S Special Area 101 S-1 Old Built-up (Core) Area
102 S-2 Heritage and Conservative Areas
103 S-3 Scenic Value Areas
104 S-4 Government Restricted Area (such as Defence)
105 S-5 Other Uses / Sport Zone
N-Numeric Code A-N: Alpha Numeric Code

Source: URDPFI Guidelines, 1996 and various
sources including Study on Zoning Regulation,
TCPO, 2004

Notes: Overall, there could be 43 use zones at

the Development Plan level within 10 land use
categories at the Perspective Plan level as
given in the above table.
Areas of informal activities may be identified in

the above land use categories at Level II for 1
to 7 Level I Use Zones only.
Mixed-use zone shall be identified at the
Development Plan level, having dominant use
and mixed use.
Use permissions for different activities, as
specified in the next section on Simplified Use
Zone Regulations can be provided at the
project/action plan level or with the approval
of the Statutory Authority as the case may be.
The process of changing /relaxing /modifying
Spot Zoning can be done for comparatively

smaller area in a particular land use zone
in such a way that it does not affect the overall
Development Plan.
Use zone regulations for the use permissibility
(from the suggestive list) could be decided by
the town planner depending upon the
requirement/ feasibility.
Appropriate code in terms of both numerical
and alphabetic (letter) are provided to
facilitate the reference and to have a simplified
procedure to follow.

Delhi- the Capital of India migration aspect if the problem like chaotic traffic
The city of Delhi, with a population of more than scenes is to be checked.
16,787,941 (as per 2011 census) has a distinct
personality of its own. It is centuries old with a Master Plan and Development Plans
glorious past history. Being the capital of the largest There is provision for carrying out a civic survey of
democracy, i.e. India, it is gaining importance and preparing a master plan for Delhi under the
among the largest metropolitan cities of the world. Delhi Development Act 1957. Under the 1957 Act,
With the growing population at unpredictable the master plan shall define the various zones into
speed and limited areas of land at our disposal, a which Delhi any be divided for the purpose of
comprehensive master plan for Delhi was a must. development and indicate the manner in which the
land in each zone is proposed to be used and the
First Master Plan stages by which any such development shall be
It was on 1st September 1962, when the first carried out and serve as a basic pattern of frame
Comprehensive Master Plan for Delhi was brought work within which the zonal development plans of
on the Statute book for the development of Delhi various zones may be prepared.
and since then it has been the guiding start for all
sorts of developments. Building activity in different Zonal Development Plans
urban sectors has to be regulated as per guidelines The 1957 act further provides that simultaneously
provided therein with a view to avoid any with the preparation of the master plan, the Delhi
complications. Being the first landmark in the history Development Authority shall proceed with the
of Delhi, the 1962 Master Plan shall ever remain preparation of a zonal development plan for each
unique document, which has provided a useful base of the zones into which Delhi may be divided. Such
regulating the development of building activities in plan shall contain a site plan and use plan for the
Delhi. developments of zone and show the approximate
locations and extents of land uses proposed in the
The Second Plan zone for such things as public building and other
The plan is precisely a comprehensive revision of public works and utilities, roads, housing, recreation,
the first one. The thrust is on developing much faster industry, business markets, schools, hospitals and
more comfortable and coordinated system with public and private open spaces. The plan would
2001 as the prospective year. For the time being further specify the standards of population density
the plan will cater to 128-lakh populations and was and building density and also show every area
formulated with a view to meet the ground realities required or declared for development or re-
over the next 11 years. In fact, the mere development.
formulation of plan to tackle Delhi's problems and
provide a better environment to the people is like Zonal (Division) Plan
running away from the realities than meeting them. The Union Territory of Delhi is divided into 15 zones
The enormity of the capital's problems needs to be (divisions). The zonal (divisional) plans shall detail
tackled at much wider canvas with greater thrust on out the policies of the master Plan and act as link
developing the National Capital Region, as step between the layout plan and master Plan. The
directly needed to decongest the city as a long- development schemes, layout plans indicating use
term measure. The desirable results could be premises shall conform to the master plan zonal
achieved of the implementation is prefect one (divisional) plans (maps of zones).
aspect which the concerned authorities have been Already approved sub zonal (earlier named zonal)
found waiting over years. A harmonious effort at plans, in conformity with the Master Plan shall
the top most level in the formulation of a plan for continue to be operative. In the absence of zonal
the city, could only provide the key to its problem, plan of any areas the development shall be in
it is felt. The ultimate solution to counter Delhi's accordance with the master plan.
gigantic problems lies in pooling up of all the
available options of planning and financial
priorities to decide development to take place in
the next 20 years, but most important is to stop the
population explosion in Delhi particularly the

Zonal Divisions of Delhi: Special Area means any area designated as such
in the plan.
Zone Name of the Zone Approximate
area in Ha. Zonal Development Plan means a plan for one of
A Old City 1159 the zones (division) of the Union Territory of Delhi
B City 2304 containing detailed information regarding provision
C Civil Lines 3959 of social infrastructure, parks and open spaces etc.
E New Delhi 6855
F Trans-Yamuna 8797 The Authority could divide a zone into sub zones.
G South Delhi-I 11958 Use zone means an area for any one of the specific
H West Delhi-I 11865 dominant use of the urban functions as provided.
There shall be 37 use ones classified in 9 categories
I North West Delhi-I 5677
namely: Residential, Commercial, Manufacturing,
J South Delhi-II 15178
recreational, transportation, utility, and
K West Delhi-II 12056 Government, Public and Semi-Public and
L West Delhi-III 22979 agriculture and water body. 37 use zones are as
M North West Delhi- 8213 under: -
II
N North West Delhi- 15851
III
O River Yamuna 6081
P North Delhi 15707
Total Delhi 148639
Development Code
It is a systematic code to decide the sue activity
(use) in two levels (i) conversion of use zone into use
premises (layout) and (ii) permission of use activities
on use premises. The code differentiates between
the use zone and use premises.
Definitions
Commercial Centre includes a CBD, District Centre,
Community Centre, Local Shopping Centre and
Convenience shopping Centre and Non - hierarchy
Commercial Centers.
Land use Plan means the plan indicating all the use
zones as defined in clause 2(1)
Layout Plan means a sub-division plan indicating

configuration and sizes of all uses premises. Each
use zone may have one or more than one layout
plan depending upon the extensiveness of the area
under
the specific use zone and vice-versa.
Mixed Use: - Zone means a use zone in the land use

plan could be indicated as consisting of more than
one use zones in such a case the use premises / use
activities permitted in both the use zone shall be
applicable.

Development Code:
a) Residential f) Utility
1. RD-Residential area with density (including 1. U1-water (treatment Plants)
villages within Lal-dora located in any use zone) 2. U2- Sewerage (treatment plant etc.)
2. RF- Foreign Mission 3. U3- Electricity (power house, sub- station etc.)
4. U4 -Solid Waste (sanitary landfill etc.)
b) Commercial g) Government
1. C1- Retail shopping, General, Business 1. G1- President Estate and Parliament House
and Commerce 2. G2- Government office
2. C2-Wholesale, Warehousing, Cold store
and Oil Depot.
3. C3- Hotel
c) Manufacturing h) Public and Semi-Public
1. M1-Light and Service Industry (including 1. PS1- Hospital
flatted group industry) 2. PS2-Eduation and Research (including university and
specialized education institutes)
3. PS3-Social and Cultural
4. PS4- Police Headquarters and Police Lines.
6. PS6- Communication
8. PS8-Religious.
d) Recreational i) Agricultural and Water Body
1. P1- Regional Park 1. A1 Plant Nursery
2. P2 -District park 2. A2-Green Belt
3. P3 -Play Grounds, Stadium and Sports 3. A3- rural zone (village as residential areas)
Complex.
4. P4 -Historical Monuments.
e) Transportation
1. T1 -Airport
2. T2 -Rail terminal
3. T3 -Rail Circulation
4. T4 -Bus Terminal and Depot
5. T5 -Truck Terminal
6. T6 -road Circulation

Techniques of Map Presentation

Base Maps Roads - National Highway, State Highway, Major

A map, which shows the existing physical pattern District roads, arterial roads, sub- arterial roads,
of land, upon which survey information or planning major roads
proposals are superimposed. The kind of maps Bridges - Rivers and streams, canals, Lakes,
required from the point of view of different swamp, Marshy lands etc.
presentation techniques they demand, fall into Railway lines - Broad gauge, meter gauge
five classes, showing: Forest lands - Protected forest, Reserved Forest,
1) Factors or areas of different character but of districts Parks, open spaces, green belt
approximately equal importance e.g. land use Religious places - Temples, Mosques, Tombs,
2) Factors of the same kind but of different Shrines, Churches etc.
intensity e.g. Density Settlements, cantonment area, fort, palaces,
3) Flows e.g. Traffic, Population movements. airport, ports etc.
4) Distribution of service centers combined with Floodable areas, agricultural lands
representation of their service areas, e.g. Shops, Contours with intervals in meters.
schools etc.
5) Comparison of different subjects e.g. lands Presentation of Maps
availability, comparison of density. The essential The techniques for presentation of information on
purpose of a base map is to enable the location base map depends upon the size of symbols,
of one set of planning information to be identified thickness of lines and intervals between the lines
in relation to that on the other maps and to show together with
relationship of the general character of the area Size of nay lettering added subsequently to the
to the planning information superimposed on it can base map must be taken into account.
be shown. However it is desirable to prepare
special base maps in form of traced adaptations Title
of published maps. Survey of India, is one single It is essential to give every map a title to be able
largest organization publishing maps in India. to convey exactly what the planner wants to. The
title of the study is written in a horizontal line at
The level of information to be included in a Base the bottom of the map. The title of the information
map depends upon its scale, area covered and shown or the analyses made on the map is written
the level of planning details to be shown, the below the legend.
following checklist can be used to show the
information. Key Map
Every base map (particularly at site planning and
Regional Level Map city level) must be provided with a key map,
Boundary - National, State, District, Taluka, Tehsil, chosen to suitable scale at the right hand corner
Village of the drawing paper.
Roads - National highway, State highway, Major
District roads, other district roads, fair weather Legend
roads, etc. Any map will not make any sense unless a list
Bridges - Rivers and streams, canals, lakes, comprising of various symbols etc. used for various
swamps, marshy lands etc. types of elements shown is provided with. The
Railway lines - Broad gauge, meter gauge legend is usually shown at the right hand side
Forestlands - Protected forests, reserved forests, margin of the map. Source with the year to which
National Parks, Sanctuaries, Mountains - Hills, information pertains should be mentioned in each
hillocks, etc. map.
Settlements - urban, rural Contours-with interval
in meters.
City Level Maps

Boundary - Metropolitan, Urban Agglomeration,
Municipal Corporation, Planning Districts Zones,
Wards

Orientation
Every base map must be indicated with an orientation mark. It is an international convention to indicate the
North direction pointing upwards.
Scale
Every base map must have a scale shown. Scale can be expressed in a fixed proportion that every distance
on the map or drawing bears to the corresponding distance on the ground. A graphical scale is a better
indication, since the reduction or enlargement of the map reduces or enlarges the graphical scale also to th
e same proportion.
Scale of Maps in Planning:

Type of Map for Planning
Size of the Planning Area
exercises
Metropolitan Level Medium and Small Town
level
Map of Regional Setting 1:250,000-1:1,000,000 1:100,000-1:250,000
Perspective Plan 1:100,000-1:250,000 1:50,000-1:100,000
Development Plan 1:25,000-1:50,000 1:10,000-1:25,000
Plans for Projects 1:1000-1:5,000 1:1500-1:2,500

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First Semester (Integrated) Programme of Masters of Planning, 2020

Terms and Definitions in Planning

32 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Census and Housing Population aged 7+

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 33

34 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Housing Demand - It is measured as the number of

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 35

Resettlement colony A colony created by removing

Plot / lot - A measured parcel of land having fixed

36 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

More correctly referred to as a

A large densely populated urban Formal Region - It is a geographical area, which is

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 37

38 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

within a given time when each stage may be expected

An agency Regional Periphery - In the context of a city-region,

Programme - It consists of deciding the order to A narrow land of

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 39

Urban Form - It is the collective three-dimensional

40 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Hierarchy of Road - Roads are generally classified

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 41

Biome - An area dominated with similar plant species

Conservation - Conservation is the action taken to

42 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

A hazard might lead to a disaster. A An area of land protected from

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 43

44 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

capacity to take advantage of opportunities or to 1. Residential Plot - Plotted Housing - A premises

Sewerage System - It is the network system of sewers 4. A premise

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 45

23. Oil Depot - A premises for storage of petroleum

46 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

of new extensive industrial units and 500 workers

38. Industrial Plot-Industry Specific type - A premise 50. Bird sanctuary

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 47

A premises having an overhead tank 69. Government Land (use undetermined) - A

land-fill. 75. Clinical Laboratory - A premises with facilities for

48 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

individual of an institution on commercial or non- 88. A premises having a large collection of

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 49

50 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 51

52 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Perspective plan defines the Development Plan is a

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 53

54 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

Land Use Classification

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 55

1 R Residential 11 R-1 Primary residential Zone

33 I -3 Special Industrial Zone - Hazardous, Noxious and Chemicals

4 PS Public and Semi - Public 41 PS-1 Govt./Semi Govt./Public Offices

8 A Primary Activity 81 PA-1 Agriculture

56 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

84 PA-4 Rural settlements

N-Numeric Code A-N: Alpha Numeric Code

Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning 57

Notes: Overall, there could be 43 use zones at

Areas of informal activities may be identified in

The process of changing /relaxing /modifying

Spot Zoning can be done for comparatively

58 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning

60 Coordinated by Department of Regional Planning