GROUP 3 CHAPTER 1 To 4

Westmead International School
College of Engineering
FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

OF UNDERGROUND RESIDENTIAL POWER DISTRIBUTION
FOR CALTEX BANABA HOUSING,
BANABA SOUTH, BATANGAS CITY
(A CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT)
A Capstone Design Project

Presented to the Faculty of
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
ALVIN H. GARCIA
ELYN M. LIGUTAN
JASMINE PEARL S. MANGUBAT
MARLON M. MARASIGAN
MARWIN S. GOMEZ
MAY 2022
Front-End Engineering and Design of Underground Residential Power Distribution for Caltex Banaba
Housing, Banaba South, Batangas City Banaba Housing
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET..........................................................................................................................................i
ADVISERS RECOMMENDATION SHEET...............................................................................................ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.................................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .........................................................................................................................iv
LIST OF REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................v
LIST OF APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................vi
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND..................................................................................................1
Engineering Research and The Project......................................................................................................1
Project Objectives.....................................................................................................................................20
The Client..................................................................................................................................................21
Project Scope and Limitations...................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS.....................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 3: CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT.......................................................................................23
CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS................................................25
Design Constraints....................................................................................................................................25
Trade-offs..................................................................................................................................................25
Design Standards......................................................................................................................................27
CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN........................................................................................................................28
Facility/Process Description.....................................................................................................................29
Electrical Area Classification....................................................................................................................29
Engineering Calculation...........................................................................................................................30
List of Materials........................................................................................................................................73
Material Specifications.............................................................................................................................76
Equipment Specifications........................................................................................................................77
Construction Specification.......................................................................................................................80
Project Schedule......................................................................................................................................86
Project Cost Estimate..............................................................................................................................88
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Drawing Control.......................................................................................................................................95
Typical Underground Residential Power Distribution Operation........................................................96
Typical Electrical Design and Circuit Diagram.........................................................................................97
Schematic Diagram......................................................................................................................98
Electrical One Line Diagram…......................................................................................................99
Wiring Diagram.......................................................................................................................................100
Installation Details of Transformers, Underground Cables, and other Accessories...............................101
Installation Details of Electrical Equipment Room.................................................................................102
Location Map..........................................................................................................................................103
Scope of Work........................................................................................................................................105
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................................107
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................................................115
Appendix A (Design Project Summary).................................................................................................116
Appendix B (Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors)................................................................118
Appendix C (Wire and Breaker Sizes)...................................................................................................119
Appendix D (Conduit & Tubing Fill)........................................................................................................120
Appendix E (About the Authors).............................................................................................................121
REFERENCES..................................................................................................................................................122
Reference A Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers.....................................................................123

Reference B Industrial Power System Handbook...................................................................................125
Reference C IEEE Red Book - IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution
for Industrial Plants.................................................................................................................................126
Reference D Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations..............................................................127
Reference E American Electrician’sHandbook......................................................................................128
Reference F Handbook of Electrical Engineering for Practitioners in the Oil, Gas,
and Petrochemical...................................................................................................................................129
3
APPROVAL SHEET
This Capstone Design Project entitled

By:
ALVIN H. GARCIA
ELYN M. LIGUTAN
MARLON M. MARASIGAN
MARWIN S. GOMEZ
After having been presented is hereby approved and certified by the following members of
the panel
ENG’R. MELCHOR BARCENAS ENG’R. ARONE TENORIO

Member Member
ENG’R. JOSENIA BAUTRO

Lead Panelist
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

MR. ANTONIO MALIGAYA

Dean, College of Engineering
MAY 2022
4
ADVISER’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET
This Capstone Design Project entitled

By:
ALVIN H. GARCIA
ELYN M. LIGUTAN
MARLON M. MARASIGAN
MARWIN S. GOMEZ
and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for the oral
examination.
ENGR. DANILO S. PASIA

Adviser
MAY 2022
5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following persons who made
this research proposal meets its desired goal.
Further thanks to our dearest adviser and instructor in Capstone Design Project, Engr.
Danilo Pasia, for his patience in guiding us and sharing his knowledge to make our research
be a high-end design.
To Engr. Rodolfo Buagas Caaway Jr. and Mr.Jovannie Virrey for their cooperation and
support for allowing us to make this research more realistic and viable during the duration of our
research project.
Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to the panelist: Engr. Melchor R.
Barcenas, Engr. John Arone M. Tenorio, and Engr. Maria Josenia R. Bautro for the knowledge
they have shared with us and their constructive comments and criticisms to improve our study.
To our families, for the love, financial support, and moral support throughout the
project.
And above all, to Him who is greatly loved and admired, God Almighty, for the wisdom,
strength, and guidance throughout the research process.
6
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABET ........................ Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

PACUCOA .................. Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
Commission on Accreditation
FEED ......................... Front–End Engineering and Design

ER ............................. Expenditure Request
ERA ...........................Expenditure Request Approval
NEMA ....................... .National Electrical Manufacturers Association
ANSI ..........................American National Standards Institute
IEEE ......................... Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
PEC ...........................Philippine Electrical Code
NEC ........................... National Electrical Load
PMI .............................Project Management Institute
IEC ............................ International of Electrotechnical Commission
PAES ......................... Philippine Agriculture Engineering Standards
PFDs .......................... Process Flow Diagrams
MS ............................. Material Supply
DGN........................... Design
DWG .......................... Drawing
NFPA ......................... National Fire Protection Association
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LIST OF REFERENCES
REFERENCE A Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers by Beaty H. Wayne and

Donald G. Fink
REFERENCE B Industrial Power System Handbook by Donald L. Beeman
REFERENCE C IEEE Red Book - IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power
Distribution for Industrial Plants
REFERENCE D Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations by Tyler G. Hicks
REFERENCE E American Electrician’s Handbook by Frederick P. Hartwell
REFERENCE F Handbook of Electrical Engineering for Practitioners in the Oil, Gas, and
Petrochemical Industries by Alan L. Sheldrake
8
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Design Project Summary
APPENDIX B Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors
APPENDIX C Wire and Breaker Sizes
APPENDIX D Conduit and Tubing Fill
APPENDIX E About the Authors
9
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
This chapter discusses the Project, Engineering Research Methods, Project

Objectives, The Client, Project Scope and Limitation, and Project Development of
the Study.
ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND THE PROJECT
1.0 Introduction
In acceding to the request of ABET and PACUCOA Accreditation, as well

as aligning the attributes and competencies of our graduates with industry
desired skills, together with complying to CHED Program Outcomes letters c,
d, e, g, h, i, j, k, and l (See CMO No. 88, Series 2017, Program, Standards and
Guidelines) for Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering Curriculum,
including a focus for future career and occupation in the design and consulting
field, with a wide view that our research project can also benefit our community
and perhaps also commercialize it, Westmead International School, College
of Engineering has decided to change its Research Method for Engineering
Programs.
This change is about a shift from what we can call scientific research, also
known as “Thesis” to engineering research, also known as “Design.”
Scientific Research is a study done in an organized way that agrees with
the methods and principles of science that is done to find and report new
knowledge about something.
Engineering Research, on the other hand, is a methodical series of steps
that engineers use in creating functional products and processes. It is a
decision-making process in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and
engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a
stated objective.
The key difference between the scientific process and the engineering
process is that the scientific research process emphasizes discovery
(observation) while the engineering research process focuses on design,
creativity, and innovation.
The ultimate student desired learning outcome for the change is to know and
understand how to do the following:
 Project Feasibility Study;
 Project Preliminary Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design;
 Project Detailed Engineering and Design; and
 Product Design for Manufacturability.
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This is specifically about Offering a Solution to the Product and Project
Engineering and Management Problems. Here, we are excepting product
prototyping for the manufacturability aspect of the engineering design process.
The project engineering and design process design involvement are usually:
 Engineering;
 Procurement;
 Construction; and
 Start-up and Commissioning of the Project, inclusive of all engineering
management work tasks.
Further, this study or research is also about mimicking the kind of work
experience most employers or companies are looking for, from a newly
licensed engineer.
For product design for the manufacturability, process sees Section 2.4
below.
2.0 The Engineering Research Method and/or Stages of Design
The engineering design process is a methodical series of steps that

engineers use in creating functional products and processes. The process is
highly iterative –parts of the process often need to be repeated many times
before another can be entered– through the part(s) that get iterated and the
number of such cycles in any given project may vary.
2.1 Feasibility Study
Feasibility studies are often carried out at the beginning of a project

to screen-out different options that may be possible to develop further.
These studies are relatively short in duration and only deal with the
essential aspects of the design that will eventually emerge. The effort is
usually concentrated in exploring the technical viability of the options
available, to assess the amount and size of the main items of equipment,
buildings, and structures, thereby enabling an estimate of the plot area,
and its maximum height to be established. A rough estimate of the total
weight and cost of equipment and the cost of site construction is usually
made. The purpose of a feasibility assessment is to determine whether the
project can proceed to the preliminary engineering phase.
2.2 Preliminary Engineering
Preliminary Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design take

the feasibility study work a stage further by expanding the chosen or best
2
option in greater detail, including estimating costs more precisely. The
main process systems are divided into more detail and consequently, the
work to be undertaken by all the other disciplines is increased in order to
further delineate their contributions. For some projects, the separation of
feasibility studies from the preliminary engineering work may not take
place; they may well be combined in a common scope of work. The
Preliminary Engineering or High-Level Design bridges the gap between
the feasibility studies and detailed engineering.
2.3 Detailed Engineering and Design
Detailed Engineering and Design takes the Preliminary Engineering

or Front-End Engineering work as its starting reference and develops it in
fine detail to the point where each piece of equipment and its location on
site are clearly identified. Much of the work involved producing drawings,
diagrams, specifications, and detailed instructions for construction
practices, plus all the purchasing, and testing documentation.
2.4 Design for Manufacturability
Design for manufacturability is the general engineering art of designing

products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture. Usually, the
work involved in the following:
 First, gathering of data with regards to operating parameters and non-
operating environmental stimuli, test requirements, external dimensions,
maintenance and testability provisions, material requirements, reliability
requirements, external surface treatment, design life, packaging
requirements, and external markings;
 Second, use of Computer-Aided Design programs to create the product
design model since it can provide more optimization without hindering
parts quality, calculate stress and displacement easily; and
 Third, production planning consists of planning how to mass-produce the
product and which tools should be used in the manufacturing process.
The task to complete in this step includes selecting materials, selecting,
tools such as jigs, fixtures, metal cutting, and metal or plastic forming
tools. This task also involves additional prototype testing iterations to
ensure the mass-produced version meets qualification testing standards.
3
3.0 A Brief of Our Class Capstone Design Project
3.1 Our Capstone Design Project
Our class of thirty-five has chosen to divide into eight groups where four
groups have five members, two groups have four members and the other
two groups have three members. We have decided to do a task study
that is named "Capstone Design Project" by CHED CMO Policies,
Standards, and Guidelines.
Our responsibility as a group was entrusted to design an Underground

Residential Power Distribution for Caltex Banaba Housing.
This Capstone Design Project will cover the Preliminary Engineering or

Front-End Engineering and Design of Underground Residential Power
Distribution for Caltex Banaba Housing.
Submission of this Capstone Design Project Package will be in a solitary

bound printed copy fastener which incorporates all the documentation
effort done, drawings, material breakdown, specification sheets, quotes,
project cost estimating sheets, project plan, including mark and
endorsement framework for the task execution.
3.2 Review of Related References, Books, Codes, and Standards for

Underground Residential Power Distribution
3.2.1 Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers by Beaty H.

Wayne and Donald G. Fink, McGraw Hill, Inc. 2016, 16th Edition (Chapter
18: Power Distribution, Section 18.20, page 72-98)
We will use this book as our primary reference and guide in the
design and development of Underground Residential Electric Power
Distribution.
3.2.2 Industrial Power Systems Handbook by Donald L. Beeman,

McGraw Hill, Inc. 1955, First Edition (Chapter 12: Secondary Distribution
Systems, page 684-705 and Chapter 13: Primary Distribution Systems,
page 706-730)
This book will serve as our secondary reference and guide to
determine the type of distribution system that would be appropriate for our
design.
3.2.3 IEEE Red Book - IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric
Power Distribution for Industrial Plants, IEEE Std. 141-1993 a Revision of
4
IEEE Std. 141-1986 (Approved on December 2, 1993, by IEEE Standards
Board)
This book will be our tertiary reference and guide for the analysis of
basic electrical systems as far as criteria are concerned. This will be our
guide in design, construction, and continuity of service to achieve safety of
life and preservation of property; reliability; simplicity of operation; voltage
regulation; utilization of equipment within the tolerance limits under all load
conditions; care and maintenance; and flexibility to permit expansion.
3.2.4 Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations by Tyler G.

Hicks (Section 4 Electrical Engineering, page 33-41)
This engineering calculations handbook is our supplemental
reference for our engineering calculations sheets form and format, also
some equipment sizing and selection step-by-step.
3.2.5 American Electrician’s Handbook by Frederick P. Hartwell,

McGraw Hill, Inc. 2021, 17th Edition (Division 8: Outside Distribution, page
69-96)
We will also use this electrician’s handbook as our supplemental
reference and guide for the construction and installation of conduits located
in tunnels, duct lines, and cables buried directly in the ground.
3.2.6 Handbook of Electrical Engineering For Practitioners in the Oil,

Gas, and Petrochemical Industries by Alan L. Sheldrake, 2002 (Chapter 11:
Fault Calculations and Stability Studies, page 269-281)
This handbook is our supplemental reference in the preparation of
our detailed design packaged with regards to documentation, design
deliverables, power systems analysis, and specification making.
4.0 The Preliminary Engineering Research Method (Front-End-Engineering

and Design Procedures)
4.1 Introduction
This procedure outlines the requirement for preparing the Project
Proposal. The procedure is not intended to give instructions on the
engineering effort, but to cover requirements that are important during the
Project Proposal process. In summary, it covers:
• Engineering specifications, standards, and selected design requirements.
5
• Quality, cost reduction, and schedule improvement techniques for
example, Construction Industry Institute (CII) benchmarking, value
engineering, and best practices.
• Reporting, review, approval, and waiver requirements
4.1.1 Definition
The Project Proposal is a document, which establishes the
detailed design scope, cost estimate basis, and schedule for a
proposed facility from the conceptual requirements included in the
Design Basis Scoping Paper (DBSP). This includes the proposed
detailed materials specifications, general layout, and the appropriate
functional and performance specifications including the recently
published applicable standards and codes. Project Proposal shall be
of sufficient detail to prepare a +/- 10% accuracy Expenditure
Request (ER) estimate, provide sufficient technical information for
proponent review, and (where applicable) provide sufficient
information to obtain Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK) or detailed
engineering contract bids.
4.1.2 Purpose
The Project Proposal documents the agreement on, and
commitment to, the project scope and design basis by the Project
Management Team, the Project Proponent, and other technical
support groups. This is accomplished through careful evaluation of
the project objectives during Project Proposal preparation to ensure
the optimum results. The Project Proposal establishes the basis for
Expenditure Request funding and is the benchmark from which all
subsequently considered scope changes are measured.
4.1.3 Preparation Timing
Project Proposals must be completed and approved in time to
support the Expenditure Request Approval (ERA) date.
4.1.4 Application
All project proposals regardless of the cost must be prepared.
The project proponents shall agree and document the level of detail
needed prior to the start of the project proposal.
6
4.2 Applicable Reference Documents, Codes, and Standards:
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC)
National Electrical Code (NEC)
Process (Power) Industry Practices (PIP)
Construction Industry Institute (CII) Publications
Project Management Institute (PMI) Body of Knowledge
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publications
4.3 Proposal Contents
The following sections outline the items normally included in Project
Proposals.
4.3.1 Table of Contents
4.3.2 Technical Requirements
4.3.2.1 Project Summary
This section provides a history of the existing conditions, a
brief discussion of the proposed facilities and their justification,
outlines the project objectives/scope, and briefly describes how
these objectives will be achieved.
4.3.2.2 Project Description
This section provides scope and design information that
establishes the process performance specification for the facility
process warranty waivers, or limitations. It shall address details
concerning the design basis, proposed facilities including sizes,
capacities, location/layouts, and other project-related information.
The list below provides common elements found in a typical scope.
a) Facility location and layout
b) Facility/process description, design basis, and performance
specification
7
c) Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
d) Major mechanical, electrical, and utility requirements
e) Electrical one-line diagrams and electrical area classification
drawings
f) Project schedules
4.3.2.3 Scope Change from Design Basis Scoping Paper
The project management team shall document all significant
scope changes from the approved Design Basis Scoping Paper.
Project Proposal milestone review submittals shall include a special
section listing major scope changes from the approved Design Basis
Scoping Paper.
A list of all significant scope changes with justification and the
cost impact shall be included in the Project Proposal Book. The
project management shall inform the Client of all major scope
changes with the cost impact and justification as soon as they are
identified. This allows timely assessment by the Client of the impact
of these changes on the project. Based on the Client's assessment,
the Project Management and Proponent will determine if the change
should be incorporated in the project scope.
All changes shall be recorded to include, as a minimum, the
following data: Item; Reason for Change; Cost Impact; Schedule
Impact; Initiator; Reference Document (if prepared); Date
Initiated/Approved.
4.3.2.4 Environment Assessment
Project Environmental Impact Assessments establish the
procedures necessary to prepare environmental assessments and
shall be included in all Project Proposals. An environmental
assessment describes and quantifies project actions; identifies those
discharges and emissions regulated by environmental standards;
predicts the environmental changes resulting from the project; and
demonstrates compliance with applicable client and/or Philippine
Government environmental standards and policies. The full
environmental report with appropriate calculations is to be included
with the Project Proposals issued to be received by the
Environmental Protection Agency Office.
8
4.3.2.5 Projects shall meet the requirements of Client’s Engineering
Standards and Materials System Specifications, which are in effect
on the Project Proposal approval date. Changes to Client’s
Engineering Standards and Materials System Specifications
approved after the Project Proposal approval date shall be
mandatory only when:
• Changes that affect safety, health, environment, or security that are
highlighted by the concerned organization. In this case, the impact
of the changes on the project should be reviewed by the Proponent.
• Changes that result in cost savings to the project. In this case, the
Project Management Team, Proponent, and Engineering Services
shall review and decide on implementation.
A Project Change Request shall be initiated to document and
obtain approval to implement changes after the project proposal
approval date.
4.3.2.6 Drawing Index and Drawings
This section provides a list and copies of the drawings that
define the scope of the project. It shall include primary drawings such
as Process Flow Diagrams, Motor and Equipment Layout, and other
necessary drawings that are required to establish the design basis
and assist in producing an Expenditure Request quality estimate.
4.3.3 Materials Related Requirements
4.3.3.1 General
The Project Proposal provides a table of major materials and

equipment identified for the project. During preliminary
engineering, the engineering contractor with guidance from
the project management team shall review all acceptable or
substitute materials which are available in the Client
inventories for possible use on the project, with the objective
of:
a) Incorporating materials, which require the least new cash
outlay.
b) Making maximum economic use of the materials available.
c) Make maximum economic use of imported manufactured
materials.
9
d) Provide full justification for any proposed purchases of
contingent quantities or non-installed spares.
During Project Proposal preparation, the Project
Management Team shall request a review and may request
assistance from the Materials Supply (MS) on all portions of
the plan that involve materials-related aspects of the work.
The Project Management Team will continue to be
responsible to ensure that the purchase order is inacceptable
technical compliance during the time the Contractor is
handling the order.
If procurement of major equipment and materials is on the
critical path of the project schedule, Project Management
Team may elect to consider "novation" of these items to
reduce their impact on the project schedule. "Novation"
typically involves; 1) placement of purchase order by the
Management Contractor or Project Proposal Contractor with
commitment only for engineering; and 2) after Expenditure
Request Approval transfer the purchase order to the
successful Lump Sum Turn Key Contractor on contract
award. The purchase order transferred to the Lump Sum Turn
Key Contractor will cover the complete scope involving
engineering and manufacture. Use of novated purchase
orders should be approved as part of the contracting plan or
as an individual item.
4.3.3.2 Material Source List
The materials source list identifies major equipment

and material items. Where possible, an estimated value and
quantity required shall be indicated. Also indicate
responsibility for the inspection, expediting, traffic and
transportation. The Project Proposal effort shall develop a
Quotation Request for major engineered equipment and
critical items and issue this Quotation Request to vendors to
determine prices and delivery schedules. For purpose of
preparing the Expenditure Request Estimate, the major
equipment list shall include the account number, the item
number, a brief description, the datasheet, a requisition
number, the estimated value, and other pertinent information.
10
4.3.3.3 Imported Manufactured Material
During Project Proposal development, the Project

Management Team shall obtain a current list of approved
imported manufactured products and sources from Material
Supply (MS). This list shall be provided to Lump Sum
Procure/Build and Lump Sum Turn Key Contractors to
encourage the use of imported manufactured materials.
4.3.4 Scheduling and Estimating Requirement

4.3.4.1 Project Summary Schedule
This section contains a project summary schedule that
shall be developed during the Proposal phase based on
information from the Project Milestone Schedule developed
during the Design Basis Scoping Paper. Project Summary
Schedule serves as a "working" tool in the absence of a
detailed schedule by the Contractor. The Project Summary
Schedule shall be used as a guide during technical evaluation
of contractors and start-up planning.
Project Summary Schedule addresses all the project
life cycle activities in a summary format. It must be logic-
driven, based on the Critical Path Method. This schedule shall
form the basis for the original Project Completion Schedule.
The Project Summary Schedule further expands the level of
detail while still supporting critical and key milestone dates
defined and prescribed in the contract. Project Summary
Schedule is expanded to include critical milestone dates as
well as any other key milestones that are provided by
Contractors.
4.3.4.2 Estimating Support Coordination
Final Expenditure Request estimate is required by the
Project Support Group eleven to thirteen weeks before the
Expenditure Request Approval date. The final Expenditure
Request estimate package shall be prepared and jointly
reviewed in parallel by Project Management Team at least 3
weeks prior to the required submittal date to the Budget
Director.
11
An important part of the Project Support and Controls
Group charter is to take an active role in setting out Client
Expenditure Request estimate preparation requirements and
providing basic information to the contractor early in the
Project Proposal phase. This normally takes the form of a
kick-off meeting in the contractor's office, where the
Expenditure Request Preparation Guideline package is
presented and discussed.
Expenditure Request estimate progress milestones
are agreed upon with the contractor and Project Management
Team and progress is monitored as a basis for judging when
it is appropriate for the Project Support and Controls Group
estimating team to participate. Project Support and Controls
Group shall be involved at the intermediate Project Proposal
reviews to endorse the Expenditure Request estimate.
When the Expenditure Request estimate is over or
under by more than 10% of the budget estimate, a cost
comparison between the approved budget and the
established Expenditure Request estimate shall be prepared
in conjunction with Project Support and Controls Group. The
cost comparison shall include a list of the scope changes and
other changes and shall be included in the Expenditure
Request package.
4.3.5 Appendix
The Appendix shall include letters, minutes, land use permits,
and other pertinent documents written during Project
Proposal.
4.3.6 Numbering Project
All Project Proposals shall be numbered as follows:
Client Approved Project Proposal Series (Numbers assigned
by the Technical Information Center).
Approved Project Proposal numbers shall be on the Project
Proposal Cover Sheet.
12
4.4 Project Improvement Effort
This section comprises of activities that on implementation would
optimize project cost and schedule, improve quality of the Project Proposal
and assure project execution success.
4.4.1 Value Engineering
Project Management Team shall initiate a formal Value
Engineering study during the Project Proposal development stage
when:
• The estimated Budget exceed Php 30 Million, or
• The estimated Budget is exceeded and a Value Engineering study
was not conducted during the pre-planning or Design Basis Scoping
Paper development stage, or
• The estimated Budget, and the pre-planning or Design Basis
Scoping Paper Stage Value Engineering report has recommended
that a Project Proposal Stage Value Engineering study is required.
Proposals resulting from Value Engineering studies that are
accepted by the Proponent Organization and Project Management
Team, are to be reviewed by the Client and shall be incorporated
into the Project Proposal Scope of Work.
Value engineering studies conducted shall be coordinated
with the Value Engineering Unit of the Project Support and
Controls Group. For Value Engineering studies, Value
Engineering Unit shall be given the opportunity to participate
if time/resources permit. Otherwise, a copy of the final report
shall be distributed to the Manager, Project Support and
Controls Group.
4.4.2 Benchmarking
The objective of the benchmarking analysis, during the
Project Proposal stage, is to run an underground residential power
distribution, compare to that common power distribution that we are
using which is the overhead power distribution.
For all projects, Project Management Team shall initiate a

formal benchmarking analysis unless the Project Manager has
13
approved a waiver. The analysis shall be done at the appropriate
stage of the Project Proposal development comparing key
parameters of the project with an external industry-wide database.
The Project Team should utilize the assistance of a consultant to
carry out the quantitative analysis. The analysis would address key
project outcomes and associated risk based on the Project Proposal
effort to date. As a minimum, the following areas should be
addressed and compared to industry norms and best case:
• Status of front-end loading i.e., project definition, at the time the

benchmark analysis is prepared,
• Use of value improvement practices,
• The projected total installed cost of the project,
• An analysis of the contingency requirement based on project scope

and front-end loading,
• Engineering as a percentage of total installed cost,
• Time required for total project execution (Expenditure Request

Approval through Onstream),
• Time required for the construction phase, and
• Expected time required for start-up

4.4.3 Quality Assessment/Quality Control Plan
The Project Management Team shall establish an overall
Quality Assessment/Quality Control Plan for the project. The Quality
Assessment/Quality Control Plan shall cover the engineering,
procurement, construction, and pre-commissioning phases of the
project. It shall prescribe the level of Quality Assessment/Quality
Control required for specific stages of the project and cover details
such as:
• Minimum inspection level required for each equipment type or

grouping guided by Client for that type of equipment
14
• Minimum number or percentage of the inspection workforce
required for each class of activity (i.e., welding, structural steel,
equipment)
• Special qualification requirements for inspectors inspecting special
equipment and/or materials
• Key quality performance indicators to track and evaluate the
Contractor (e.g., non-conformance reports, welder reject rate, repair
rate)
• Special receiving inspection requirements for critical equipment.
• Identify equipment for which site inspection will be required if the
Contractor is not using client-approved vendors.
• Special inspection or quality requirements.
4.4.4 Other Best Practices
Most industry, practice using Construction Industry Institute
and Materials Publication, which has developed best practices for its
members with the mission to improve the safety, quality, schedule,
and cost-effectiveness of the capital investment process. Project
Management has the most effective practices to be implemented for
its projects – Pre-Project Planning, Scope Definition and
Control/Change Management, Constructability, Schedule
Optimization, and Planning for Start-up. According to the project's
unique needs, other best practices may be substituted or added.
When implementing Construction Industry Institute best
practices, Project Management Team shall refer to the Construction
Industry Institute library of publications, as well as the Client’s
database of lessons learned on previous projects.
4.5 Reporting and Review Requirements
4.5.1 Project Proposal Distribution for Review and Meetings
Draft Project Proposals shall be distributed for review to the
appropriate members of Management and attendees of the
Technical Review and Project Proposal Meetings. Distribution of the
Project Proposal narrative shall be in electronic format (in Microsoft
Word), and the drawings shall be distributed electronically where
feasible. The Project Management Team should utilize online
15
electronic reviews by key reviewers wherever possible. The Project
Management Team and proponent are responsible for determining
the recipients. As a minimum, the following represents a list of
various organizations that shall be considered for receipt of the
Project Proposal. However, only those organizations with direct
involvement shall receive the Project Proposal.
• Client (Project owner or Investor)
• Checked by (Reviewer or those Recommending Approval)
• Approved by (Approved or those who Recommend
Acceptability)
• Certified by (Those who Certifies or Guarantee Acceptability)
4.5.2 Technical Review Meeting
The Technical Review Meeting shall be held no sooner than
fifteen (15) working days after the distribution of the Project Proposal
for review. The location, date, and time of the meeting shall be
announced in the cover letter distributed with the Project Proposal.
The Technical Review Meeting shall discuss all technical aspects of
the Project Proposal, resolve technical questions, address
environmental issues, and review the Project Summary Schedule.
Interim technical review meetings shall be conducted as required by
Project Management Team depending upon the type and complexity
of the project. Items not resolved at the final technical review meeting
shall be addressed in the Project Proposal Meeting. Substantive
changes resulting from the technical review meeting shall be
incorporated as appropriate into the Project Proposal documents.
The Project Management Team shall prepare minutes of the
Technical Review Meetings and distribute the minutes, electronically
whenever possible, to all persons who either received the Project
Proposal or attended the Technical Review Meeting. The minutes
shall include the estimated cost and schedule effects of major
changes from the Design Basis Scoping Paper/Project Proposal as
originally prepared. Refer to 4.3.2.3 for the definition of major scope
change.
16
4.5.3 Project Proposal Meeting
The purpose of the Project Proposal Meeting is to resolve any
outstanding items remaining after the Technical Review Meeting and
to finalize the project scope. The Project Proposal Meeting shall be
scheduled no sooner than five (5) working days after the distribution
of the minutes of the Technical Review Meeting.
The delegated representatives of the Project Proposal
Approval Authorities shall attend this meeting in order to make
decisions on matters not resolved in the Technical Review Meeting.
The Project Management Team shall be responsible for
preparing and distributing the minutes of the Project Proposal
Meeting to those persons who either received a copy of the Project
Proposal or attended the Project Proposal Meetings.
4.5.4 Distribution and Storage of Approved Project Proposals
Following the approval of the Project Proposal, a final
approved copy shall be distributed as follows:
4.5.4.1 Client Project Management Team - one hard copy, to be
used as a "working" document for 5 years or for the duration of the
project, whichever is longer.
4.5.4.2 Client Facilities Planning Department - one hard copy, to be
used as a "working” document for 5 years or for the duration of the
project, whichever is longer.
4.5.4.3 Client Technical Information Center - one electronic copy
and one hard copy, for archival purposes.
4.5.4.4 Client Project Support and Controls Group - one electronic
copy, for input in the Electronic Image Document Management
System.
The electronic file submissions shall be on a Flash Drive and
contain an index at the beginning of each file medium to facilitate
retrieval of stored data. The electronic text, spreadsheet, and
graphical data shall be in Microsoft format; and CAD data shall be in
the approved client standard or in AutoCAD DWG format. Scanned
documents shall be in TIFF format in accordance with the corporate
standards.
17
4.6 Approvals
4.6.1 Approval Process
4.6.1.1 Approvals
The Project Management Team shall be responsible for
obtaining the Client’s approval for the Project Proposal from the
appropriate individuals listed. Executive Management may delegate
the approval authority to the General Management level. Obtaining
these signatures constitutes full Project Proposal approval. The
recommended order for routing and approval will be as follows,
however, Project Management Team may seek parallel approval
from more than one organization at the same time where
appropriate.
• Client (Project Owner or Investor)
• Checked by (Reviewer or those Recommending Approval)
• Approved by (Approver or those who Recommends
Acceptability)
• Certified by (Those who Certifies or Guarantee Acceptability)
4.6.1.2 Unresolved Items
If unresolved items exist that would preclude obtaining
approvals as described in section 4.6.1.1, the Project Management
Team shall refer any unresolved item(s) through appropriate
channels of authority until resolution is obtained. The Project
Proposal minutes shall show the estimated cost and schedule effects
of any major changes from the Design Basis Scoping Paper/Project
Proposal as originally prepared. Refer to 4.3.2.3 for a definition of
major scope change.
4.6.1.3 Obtaining Changes to an Approved Project Proposal
For a project with an approved Project Proposal but which has
not yet received Expenditure Request approval, scope changes
shall be as follows:
Scope changes that are not major shall be documented by
Project Management Team in meeting minutes (refer to 4.3.2.3 for a
definition of major scope change). Where applicable, representatives
18
from Proponent and other involved organizations shall approve the
meeting minutes. The meeting minutes shall describe the proposed
changes, the justification, and the cost and schedule impact. The
required minimal approval authority for the meeting minutes is
supervisory level. Approval of the meeting minutes by all concerned
parties constitutes inclusion of the minor scope changes into the
project scope.
Major scope changes shall require an addendum to the
approved Project Proposal (refer to 4.3.2.3 for the definition of major
scope change). The addendum shall describe the proposed changes
the justification and the cost and schedule impact. Approval of the
addendum shall be obtained from the original signatories before
design work starts. The addendum shall be distributed to all those
that received the original Project Proposal.
4.6.1.4 Contract Bid Package
After the approval of the Project Proposal, the Project
Management Team shall revise the Project Proposal's narrative,
drawings, and specifications to incorporate substantive changes
resulting from the Technical Review and Project Proposal Meetings
before issuing the project bid documents. If this is not practical, an
addendum to the bid package shall be prepared and issued to
bidders at the earliest possible opportunity.
5.0 List of Document Type to be produced for Preliminary Engineering and
Design Scope of the Project (Electrical Engineering Discipline)
5.1 From Consulting and Design Engineering Contractor
5.1.1 Document list and index.
5.1.2 Report for the study of sizing of major equipment
5.1.3 Plot plans showing the locations of electrical equipment
5.1.4 Equipment list
5.1.5 Report of grounding system studies
5.1.6 Block diagrams
5.1.7 Schedule of wires and raceways
5.1.8 Project equipment specifications
19
5.1.9 Project equipment datasheets
5.1.10 Block diagrams for control
5.2 From Suppliers (Vendor or Manufacturer) of Equipment and Materials
5.2.1 Plans, elevations, and sections of large motors and their driven
machines. Termination in major equipment terminal boxes, e. motors,
optional.
6.0 Front-End Engineering and Design to be developed per requirements of
this Capstone Design Project
6.1 Facility/plant location and layout
6.2 Facility/process description, design basis, and performance
specification
6.3 Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
6.4 Major mechanical, electrical, and utility requirements
6.5 Electrical one-line diagrams and electrical area classification drawings
6.6 Project schedules
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this Capstone Design Project is to learn to design an
Underground Residential Power Distribution for Caltex Banaba Housing, Banaba
South, Batangas City. Its aim is to provide a reliable, safe, quality power supply,
enhanced streetscapes, reduced power supply surges, better street lighting, and
a safer place to live, electrically speaking.
DESIGNER’S OBJECTIVES
Our objective as Designers are: Firstly, to execute the design activities in
accordance with the references reviewed above, books looked into, electrical code
requirements, and standard practices recommended. Secondarily, to produce the
design documents and drawings deliverables as listed in our submittals
completely, accurately, and without error, and submit the same in soft- and hard-
copies for approval and certification. And lastly, get an Invitation-to-Bid Package
ready and available for use, if and when, the Client decides to proceed with the
installation and construction of the facility.
20
THE CLIENT
Mr. Jovannie Virrey
Contracts Administrator
Caltex Banaba Housing
PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The project study covers:
 Electrical engineering discipline.
 Detailed materials and equipment specifications.
 The overall design process of Front-End Engineering and Design of

Underground Residential Power Distribution for Caltex Banaba
Housing, Banaba South, Batangas City.
21
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUTS
Requirements
The knowledge applied to further improve and develop the design of the
project was also based on the knowledge learned and studied from our four years
of electrical engineering program.
Specific Knowledge Areas

The designers have applied the knowledge learned in specific knowledge
areas, courses:
 Computer-Aided Drafting – used to draw the layout of the design project.
 Microsoft Excel – the knowledge of maximizing the use of the software for
easier and faster computation of some parameters.
 Microsoft Word – used in the documentation of the project.
 Microsoft Project – used in scheduling the task of the said project.
 Fundamentals of Power Plant Engineering Design
 Electrical System and Illumination Engineering Design
 Basic Occupational Safety and Health
 Feedback Control System
 Industrial Electronics
 Engineering Economy – for cost-benefit analysis
 Management of Engineering Project
 Environmental Science and Engineering
The Project
 Front-End Engineering and Design of Underground Residential Power

Distribution for Caltex Banaba Housing, Banaba South, Batangas City (A
Capstone Design Project) which is basically about the replacement of
overhead cables to provide electrical power by underground cables.
22
CHAPTER 3
CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT
Input-Process-Output
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and
contexts. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong
conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy
to remember and apply. Conceptual frameworks are abstract representations,
connected to the research project's goal that directs the collection and analysis of
data.
Knowledge -Data Gathering

Requirements:
Engineering -Engineering
Principles Research FEED
-Analysis DOCUMENT
Software Tools
Required: -Engineering
-AutoCAD Calculations
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FIGURE 3.1 INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Design Project
The crowning achievement of our four-year stay at Westmead International
School. The finishing stone of the structure called Bachelor of Science in Electrical
Engineering.
Our mantra, CAPSTONE4 – Challenging Activities in Project Studies to
Team, to Organize, and to Nurture our 4Es (We have the Edge and Energy to
Energized others and Execute with Excellence).
A “Capstone Design Project” is multidiscipline in nature, requires help and

assistance from another engineering discipline, demands not only personal but
23
also interpersonal, managerial, and organizational skills to execute and complete
the tasks involved.
“Thesis Writing” on the other hand can be done solely by the individual and
requires basic personal skills in the study and research endeavor, imposed a need
for a research adviser and a grammarian to finish the task.
In “Capstone Design Project”, plagiarism is not an issue since engineering

and design research is about applied science and does not need any proof that
the application will work. In “Thesis Writing” however, plagiarism is always a
concern because the research tool uses pure science, requires proof, usually a
prototype as evidence that the assertions of the research thesis are true.
Circuit Diagram
Power Layout
Power layout is a drawing where the installations of convenience outlets or
sockets for appliances and other portable equipment are done.
Conduit Layout
An electrical conduit layout is a drawing of a tube used to protect and route
electrical wiring in a building or structure. Electrical conduits may be made
of metal, steel, or PVC. Most conduits are rigid, but flexible conduit is used
for some purposes, especially for motors.
Grounding Layout
An electrical grounding layout is a drawing of an electrical conductor placed
in the ground or earth to protect consumers from unfortunate electrical
shocks and to provide a return path for electrical current.
Wiring Installation and Layout

A wiring installation is a simple visual representation of the physical
connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It shows
how the electrical wires are interconnected and can also show where
fixtures and components may be connected to the system.
.
24
CHAPTER 4
CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
Design constraints are conditions that need to happen for a project to be

successful. Design constraints help narrow choices when creating a project.
Priorities help designers and clients narrow down choices to meet exact client
needs. Usually, constraints are about budgets and in this case setting our priorities
in order to help in eliminating constraints. Design constraints can feel like a
negative thing sometimes, but they help shape the project to fit the exact purpose.
The following design constraints were considered for the design of a solar-
powered pumps unit:
 Safety - Safety is one of the most important factors that the proponents
considered in designing their project. To ensure the safety of the design,
the proponent used codes and standards in designing the different
components needed. Safety standards were strictly followed during the
project design phase in order to make sure that the whole system is safe,
secured, and free from any hazards.
 Sustainability - One constraint that the proponents considered is the
maintenance of the system. The selected project components are
maintenance-free and just require a minimum inspection from time to
time. This makes the project sustainable since the equipment and
materials are durable and can be used for a long period of time.
 Economics - the team considered the cost of each piece of equipment
in every design. The project proponents had ensured that the materials
and equipment selected were of the best price range yet provide the
quality needed. To ensure that the project has an optimized economic
value, the team had chosen the best project components available
locally.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS
A trade-off is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one

quality, quantity, or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects.
In simple terms, a trade-off is where one thing increases, and another must
decrease. It is used to determine which design is best to use.
The proponents focus on achieving an efficient electrical design, material
and equipment quality, and is highly efficient. All these designs have been used to
acquire the desired need of the output. The proponents enhanced existing product
25
performance in coordination with the development team. Much of the work involved
producing drawings, diagrams, specifications, and detailed instructions for
construction practices, plus all the purchasing, and testing documentation.
Economic
For the economic constraints, the team considered the cost of each piece
of equipment in every design. The project proponents had ensured that the
materials and equipment selected were of the best price range yet provide the
quality needed. To ensure that the project has an optimized economic value, the
team had chosen the best project components available locally. The ability to
satisfy this criterion was calculated by determining the local cost of each design.
As a result, the team was able to create an efficient project with high economic
value.
Reliability
For the reliability constraint, the team considered the most reliable suppliers
and manufacturers of the equipment to be used in order to strengthen and
maximize the durability of the equipment. The proponents have selected the best
brands in order to meet the quality standards of the project. Since precision
agriculture techniques are used, it makes the system more reliable because it
decreases the hours consumed in irrigating the fields since it is automated. Also,
less manpower is needed which is beneficial for the owner because the expense
on workers’ wages was also reduced. In this manner, a reliable system is produced
which can deliver satisfactory results.
Safety
For the safety constraints, the proponents ensured that all the design bases
follow the Codes and Standards in every parameter. To ensure the safety of the
design, the proponent used codes and standards in designing the different
components needed. Safety standards were strictly followed during the project
design phase in order to make sure that the whole system is safe, secured, and
free from any hazards. Employment of protective devices was also made to protect
electrical equipment from any potential surges or faults. These safety
considerations were extensively carried out for protection purposes especially for
submersible pumps, motor drives, batteries, etc.
Environment
For the environment–friendly constraints, the proponents used equipment
that does not harm the environment. Since the system is using renewable energy
as the main power source, it is ensured that clean energy is produced. It eliminates
26
the greenhouse effect and reduces ozone depletion due to fumes released by the
power plants which utilizes coals and other non-renewable energy sources.
DESIGN STANDARDS
Design Standards are the measure of acceptability and quality in terms of

safety, environment, and health and it is incumbent upon all facility and product
design engineers to adhere to.
The design of this project conforms to the recommendation, codes,
standards, and practices of Philippine Electrical Codes (PEC), National Electrical
Codes (NEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Institute of Electrical
and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards, and National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards.
27
CHAPTER 5
FINAL DESIGN
Future – Semester Activities
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Westmead International School

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

A Capstone Design Project

CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND..................................................................................................1

Engineering Research and The Project......................................................................................................1

Project Scope and Limitations...................................................................................................................21

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS.....................................................................................................................22

CHAPTER 3: CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT.......................................................................................23

CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS................................................25

CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN........................................................................................................................28

Electrical Area Classification....................................................................................................................29

Project Cost Estimate..............................................................................................................................88

Typical Underground Residential Power Distribution Operation........................................................96

Typical Electrical Design and Circuit Diagram.........................................................................................97

Electrical One Line Diagram…......................................................................................................99

Installation Details of Transformers, Underground Cables, and other Accessories...............................101

Installation Details of Electrical Equipment Room.................................................................................102

Appendix A (Design Project Summary).................................................................................................116

Appendix B (Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors)................................................................118

Appendix C (Wire and Breaker Sizes)...................................................................................................119

Appendix D (Conduit & Tubing Fill)........................................................................................................120

Appendix E (About the Authors).............................................................................................................121

Reference A Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers.....................................................................123

This Capstone Design Project entitled

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

ENG’R. MELCHOR BARCENAS ENG’R. ARONE TENORIO

ENG’R. JOSENIA BAUTRO

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

MR. ANTONIO MALIGAYA

ADVISER’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET

This Capstone Design Project entitled

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

ENGR. DANILO S. PASIA

ABET ........................ Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

FEED ......................... Front–End Engineering and Design

REFERENCE A Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers by Beaty H. Wayne and

REFERENCE B Industrial Power System Handbook by Donald L. Beeman

REFERENCE D Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations by Tyler G. Hicks

REFERENCE E American Electrician’s Handbook by Frederick P. Hartwell

APPENDIX A Design Project Summary

APPENDIX B Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors

APPENDIX C Wire and Breaker Sizes

APPENDIX D Conduit and Tubing Fill

APPENDIX E About the Authors

This chapter discusses the Project, Engineering Research Methods, Project

ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND THE PROJECT

In acceding to the request of ABET and PACUCOA Accreditation, as well

2.0 The Engineering Research Method and/or Stages of Design

The engineering design process is a methodical series of steps that

2.1 Feasibility Study

Feasibility studies are often carried out at the beginning of a project

2.2 Preliminary Engineering

Preliminary Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design take

2.3 Detailed Engineering and Design

Detailed Engineering and Design takes the Preliminary Engineering

2.4 Design for Manufacturability

Design for manufacturability is the general engineering art of designing

Our responsibility as a group was entrusted to design an Underground

This Capstone Design Project will cover the Preliminary Engineering or

Submission of this Capstone Design Project Package will be in a solitary

3.2 Review of Related References, Books, Codes, and Standards for