Group 8 Chapter 1 4

Westmead International School
College of Engineering
FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

OF AN ELECTRIC POWER DISTRIBUTION
FOR A 120-BED HOSPITAL WITH AUXILIARIES
(A CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT)
A Capstone Design Project

Presented to the Faculty of
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement for the
Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
CLAIRE A. MANABAT
JOSHUA C. DE GUZMAN
PAMELA I. CONTRERAS
JOHN PAUL CAPADA
CAMILLE D. BANAAG
MAY 2022
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL SHEET................................................................................................................................ i
ADVISERS RECOMMENDATION SHEET......................................................................................... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT........................................................................................................................iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................................................................................................................. iv
LIST OF REFERENCES.........................................................................................................................v
LIST OF APPENDICES......................................................................................................................... vi
CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................................ 1
Engineering Research and The Project.......................................................................................... 1
Project Objectives....................................................................................................................... 19
The Client....................................................................................................................................20
Project Scope and Limitations....................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS.......................................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 3: CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT................................................................................ 22
CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS...........................................24
Design Constraints........................................................................................................................ 24
Trade-offs.....................................................................................................................................24
Design Standards..........................................................................................................................26
CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN.............................................................................................................28
Facility/Process Description........................................................................................................... 29
Electrical Area Classification.......................................................................................................... 29
Engineering Calculation.................................................................................................................30
List of Materials............................................................................................................................ 73
Material Specifications...................................................................................................................76
Equipment Specifications...............................................................................................................77
Construction Specification.............................................................................................................. 80
Project Schedule……………………………….…………………………………………………….……………86
Project Cost Estimate.................................................................................................................... 88
Drawing Control.............................................................................................................................. 95
Schematic Diagram........................................................................................................................96
Electrical One Line Diagram…........................................................................................................ 97
Wiring Diagram...............................................................................................................................98
Installation Details of Electrical Equipment Room...............................................................................99
Location Map................................................................................................................................ 100
Vicinity Map...................................................................................................................................101
Scope of Work.............................................................................................................................. 102
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................... 104
APPENDICES......................................................................................................................................... 112
Appendix A (Design Project Summary).............................................................................................113
Appendix B (Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors)..............................................................115
Appendix C (Wire and Breaker Sizes)..............................................................................................116
Appendix D (Conduit & Tubing Fill)Z................................................................................................ 117
Appendix E (About the Authors)..................................................................................................... 118
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................... 119
Reference A (Codes, Standard, Industry Practices and Textbooks).................................................... 120
Reference B (Philippine Electrical Code).......................................................................................... 122
Reference C (National Electrical Code)…........................................................................................123
Reference D (IEEE Standards)....................................................................................................... 124

APPROVAL SHEET
This project study entitled

By:
CLAIRE A. MANABAT
JOSHUA C. DE GUZMAN
PAMELA I. CONTRERAS
JOHN PAUL CAPADA
CAMILLE D. BANAAG
After having been presented is hereby approved and certified by the following members of
the panel
_____________________________ _____________________________
ENG’R. MELCHOR BARCENAS ENG’R. JOHN ARONE TENORIO
Member Member
__________________________
ENG’R. MARIA JOSENIA BAUTRO
Lead Panelist
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor

of Science in Electrical Engineering
_______________________
MR. ANTONIO MALIGAYA
Dean, College of Engineering
MAY 2022
i
ADVISER’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET
This project study entitled

By:
CLAIRE A. MANABAT
JOSHUA C. DE GUZMAN
PAMELA I. CONTRERAS
JOHN PAUL CAPADA
CAMILLE D. BANAAG
and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of
Science in Electrical Engineering has been examined and isrecommended for
acceptance and approval for oral examination.
______________________
ENGR. DANILO S. PASIA
Adviser
MAY 2022
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the following persons who made
this research proposal meets its desired goal.
Further thanks to our dearest adviser and instructor in EE Capstone Design Project,
Engr. Danilo Pasia, for his patience in guiding us and sharing his knowledge to make our
research be a high-end design.
To Dr. Benson B. Calapit for his cooperation and support for allowing us to make this
research more realistic and viable during the duration of our research project.
Furthermore, we would like to express our gratitude to the panelist: Engr. Melchor R.
Barcenas, Engr. John Arone M. Tenorio, and Engr. Maria Josenia R. Bautro for the knowledge
they have shared with us and their constructive comments and criticisms to improve our study.
To our families, for the love, financial support, and moral support throughout the project.
And above all, to Him who is greatly loved and admired, God Almighty, for the wisdom,
strength, and guidance throughout the research process.
- Claire, Joshua, Pamela, John Paul, and Camille
iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABET......................... Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

PACUCOA.................. Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
Commission on Accreditation
FEED......................... Front–End Engineering and Design

ER..............................Expenditure Request
ERA........................... Expenditure Request Approval
NEMA........................National Electrical Manufacturers Association
ANSI.......................... American National Standards Institute
IEEE.......................... Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineer
PEC........................... Philippine Electrical Code
NEC........................... National Electrical Load
PMI............................. Project Management Institute
IEC............................. International of Electrotechnical Commission
PFDs.......................... Process Flow Diagrams
MS..............................Material Supply
DGN........................... Design
DWG.......................... Drawing
NFPA......................... National Fire Protection Association
MPPT..........................Maximum Power Point Tracker
ASD............................ Adjustable Speed Drive
iv
LIST OF REFERENCES
REFERENCE A IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in

Health Care Facilities, Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. (1996).
REFERENCE B IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power

Distribution for Industrial Plants, Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineers, Inc. (1993).
REFERENCE C Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, H. Wayne

Beaty & Donald G. Fink (2012). 16th edition, McGraw Hill,
Inc.
REFERENCE D Industrial Power Systems Handbook, Donald Beeman

(1955).
REFERENCE E Handbook of Electrical Engineering, Alan L. Sheldrake

(2003). John Wiley & Sons.
REFERENCE F Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations, Tyler G.

Hicks (2004). 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Standard
Handbooks.
v
LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX A Design Project Summary
APPENDIX B Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors
APPENDIX C Wire and Breaker Sizes
APPENDIX D Conduit and Tubing Fill
APPENDIX E About the Authors
vi
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
This chapter discusses the Project, Engineering Research Methods,

Project Objectives, The Client, Project Scope and Limitation, and Project
Development of the Study.
ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND THE PROJECT
1.0 Introduction
In acceding to the request of ABET and PACUCOA Accreditation, as well

as aligning the attributes and competencies of our graduates with industry
desired skills, together with complying to CHED Program Outcomes letters c,
d, e, g, h, i, j, k, and l (See CMO No. 88, Series 2017, Program, Standards
and Guidelines) for Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering Curriculum,
including a focus for future career and occupation in the design and
consulting field, with a wide view that our research project can also benefit
our community and perhaps also commercialize it, Westmead International
School, College of Engineering has decided to change its Research Method
for Engineering Programs.
This change is about a shift from what we can call scientific research,
a.k.a. “Thesis” to engineering research, a.k.a. “Design.”
Scientific Research is a study done in an organized way that agrees with
the methods and principles of science that is done to find and report new
knowledge about something.
Engineering Research, on the other hand, is a methodical series of steps
that engineers use in creating functional products and processes. It is a
decision-making process in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and
engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a
stated objective.
The key difference between the scientific process and engineering
process is that the scientific research process emphasizes discovery
(observation) while the engineering research process focuses on design,
creativity, and innovation.
The ultimate student desired learning outcome for the change is to know and
understand how to do the following:
 Project Feasibility Study;
 Project Preliminary Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design;
 Project Detailed Engineering and Design; and
 Product Design for Manufacturability.
Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution 1

for a 120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries
This is specifically about Offering a Solution to the Product and Project
Engineering and Management Problems. In here, we are excepting product
prototyping for manufacturability aspect of the engineering design process.
The project engineering and design process design involvement is usually:
 Engineering;
 Procurement;
 Construction; and
 Start-up and Commissioning of the Project, inclusive of all engineering
management work tasks.
Further, this study or research is also about mimicking the kind of work
experience most employers or companies are looking for, from a newly
licensed engineer.
For product design for the manufacturability, process sees Section 2.4
below.
2.0 The Engineering Research Method and/or Stages of Design
The engineering design process is a methodical series of steps that

engineers use in creating functional products and processes. The process is
highly iterative –parts of the process often need to be repeated many times
before another can be entered– though the part(s) that get iterated and the
number of such cycles in any given project may vary.
2.1 Feasibility Study

Feasibility studies are often carried out at the beginning of a project
to screen-out different options that may be possible to develop further.
These studies are relatively short in duration and only deal with the
essential aspects of the design that will eventually emerge. The effort is
usually concentrated in exploring the technical viability of the options
available, to assess the amount and size of the main items of equipment,
buildings, and structures, thereby enabling an estimate of the plot area,
and its maximum height to be established. A rough estimate of the total
weight and cost of equipment and the cost of site construction is usually
made. The purpose of a feasibility assessment is to determine whether
the project can proceed to the preliminary engineering phase.
2.2 Preliminary Engineering

Preliminary Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design take
the feasibility study work a stage further by expanding the chosen or
best option in greater detail, including estimating costs more precisely.
The main process systems are divided into more detail and

consequently, the work to be undertaken by all the other disciplines is
increased in order to further delineate their contributions. For some
projects, the separation of feasibility studies from the preliminary
engineering work may not take place; they may well be combined in a
common scope of work. The Preliminary Engineering or High-Level
Design bridges the gap between the feasibility studies and detailed
engineering.
2.3 Detailed Engineering and Design

Detailed Engineering and Design takes the Preliminary Engineering
or Front-End Engineering work as its starting reference and develops it
in fine detail to the point where each piece of equipment and its location
on site are clearly identified. Much of the work involved producing
drawings, diagrams, specifications, and detailed instructions for
construction practices, plus all the purchasing, and testing
documentation.
2.4 Design for Manufacturability

Design for manufacturability is the general engineering art of
designing products in such a way that they are easy to manufacture.
Usually, the work involved in the following:
 First, gathering of data with regards to operating parameters and
non-operating environmental stimuli, test requirements, external
dimensions, maintenance and testability provisions, material
requirements, reliability requirements, external surface treatment,
design life, packaging requirements, and external markings;
 Second, use of Computer-Aided Design programs to create the
product design model since it can provide more optimization without
hindering parts quality, calculate stress and displacement easily; and
 Third, production planning consists of planning how to mass-produce
the product and which tools should be used in the manufacturing
process. The task to complete in this step includes selecting
materials, selecting, tools such as jigs, fixtures, metal cutting, and
metal or plastic forming tools. This task also involves additional
prototype testing iterations to ensure the mass-produced version
meets qualification testing standards.

3.0 A Brief of Our Class Capstone Design Project
3.1 Our EE Capstone Design Project

Our class of thirty-five has chosen to divide into eight groups where
five groups have five members, two groups have three members and the
other group has four members. We have decided to do a task study that is
named "Capstone Design Project" by CHED CMO Policies, Standards, and
Guidelines.
Our responsibility as a group was entrusted to design an Electric
Power Distribution for a 120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries.
This EE Capstone Design Project will cover the Preliminary
Engineering or Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power
Distribution for a 120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries.
Submission of this EE Capstone Design Project Package will be in a
solitary bound printed copy fastener which incorporates all the documentation
effort done, drawings, material breakdown, specification sheets, quotes,
project cost estimating sheets, project plan, including mark and endorsement
framework for the task execution.
3.2 Review of Related References, Books, Codes and Standard for Electrical
Power Distribution of a 120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries
3.2.1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health

Care Facilities, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
(1996). Whole book from Chapter 1-10, pp. 1-417
We will use this book as our primary reference and guide in the
design and development of Electric Power Distribution for a 120-Bed
Hospital with auxiliaries.
3.2.2 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution

for Industrial Plants, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
(1993). Whole book from Chapter 1-16, pp. 1-729
This book will be our secondary reference and lag-measure in
determining whether our design package as submitted are in order,
compliant with standard practices, in accordance with electrical codes,
complete, and without error.

3.2.3 Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, H. Wayne Beaty
& Donald G. Fink (2012). 16th edition, McGraw Hill, Inc. pp. 18–1-18–115.
This book will serve as our tertiary reference and guide in the way
our Electrical Engineering and Design Calculation Sheets are presented
and prepared.
3.2.4 Industrial Power Systems Handbook, Donald Beeman (1955).

1st edition, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc.
We will use this book as our supplementary reference.
3.2.5 Handbook of Electrical Engineering, Alan L. Sheldrake (2003).

John Wiley & Sons.
This handbook is our supplemental reference in the preparation of
our detail design packaged with regards to documentation, design
deliverables, power systems analysis, and specifications.
3.2.6 Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations, Tyler G.

Hicks (2004). 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Standard Handbooks.
This engineering calculations handbook is our supplemental
reference for our engineering calculations sheets form and format, also
some equipment sizing and selection step-by-step.
.
4.0 The Preliminary Engineering Research Method (Front-End-Engineering
and Design Procedures)
4.1 Introduction
This procedure outlines the requirement for preparing the Project
Proposal. The procedure is not intended to give instructions on the
engineering effort, but to cover requirements that are important during
the Project Proposal process. In summary it covers:
 Engineering specifications, standards, and selected design
requirements.
 Quality, cost reduction, and schedule improvement techniques i.e.,
Construction Industry Institute (CII) bench marking, value
engineering and best practices.
 Reporting, review, approval and waiver requirements

4.1.1 Definition
The Project Proposal is a document, which
establishes the detailed design scope, cost estimate basis, and
schedule for a proposed facility from the conceptual
requirements included in the Design Basis Scoping Paper
(DBSP). This includes the proposed detailed materials
specifications, general layout, and the appropriate functional
and performance specifications including the recently published
applicable standards and codes. Project Proposal shall be of
sufficient detail to prepare a +/- 10% accuracy Expenditure
Request (ER) estimate, provide sufficient technical information
for proponent review, and (where applicable) provide sufficient
information to obtain Lump Sum Turn Key (LSTK) or detailed
engineering contract bids.
4.1.2 Purpose
The Project Proposal documents the agreement on,
and commitment to, the project scope and design basis by the
Project Management Team, the Project Proponent, and other
technical support groups. This is accomplished through careful
evaluation of the project objectives during Project Proposal
preparation to ensure the optimum results. The Project
Proposal establishes the basis for Expenditure Request
funding and is the benchmark from which all subsequently
considered scope changes are measured.
4.1.3 Preparation Timing
Project Proposals must be completed and approved
in time to support the Expenditure Request Approval (ERA)
date.
4.1.4 Application
All project proposals regardless of the cost must be
prepared. The project proponents shall agree and document
the level of detail needed prior to start of the project proposal.
4.2 Applicable Reference Documents, Codes and Standards
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standards
Philippine Electrical Code (PEC)
National Electrical Code (NEC)
Process (Power) Industry Practices (PIP)
Construction Industry Institute (CII) Publications
Project Management Institute (PMI) Body of Knowledge
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Publications
4.3 Proposal Contents
The following sections outline the items normally included in
Project Proposals.
4.3.1 Table of Contents
4.3.2 Technical Requirements
4.3.2.1 Project Summary
This section provides a history of the existing
conditions, a brief discussion of the proposed facilities and
their justification, outlines the project objectives/scope, and
briefly describes how these objectives will be achieved.
4.3.2.2 Project Description
This section provides scope and design information
that establishes the process performance specification for
the facility process warranty waivers, or limitations. It shall
address details concerning the design basis, proposed
facilities including sizes, capacities, location/layouts, and
other project-related information. The list below provides
common elements found in a typical scope.
a) Facility location and layout
b) Facility/process description, design basis and
performance specification
c) Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
d) Major mechanical, electrical, and utilities requirements
e) Electrical one-line diagrams and electrical area
classification drawings
f) Project schedules
4.3.2.3 Scope Change from Design Basis Scoping Paper
The project management team shall document all
significant scope changes from the approved Design Basis
Scoping Paper. Project Proposal milestone review submittals
shall include a special section listing major scope changes
from the approved Design Basis Scoping Paper.

A list of all significant scope changes with justification
and the cost impact shall be included in the Project Proposal
Book. The project management shall inform the Client of all
major scope changes with the cost impact and justification
as soon as they are identified. This allows timely
assessment by the Client of the impact of these changes on
the project. Based on the Client's assessment, the Project
Management and Proponent will determine if the change
should be incorporated in the project scope.
All changes shall be recorded to include, as a
minimum, the following data: Item; Reason for Change; Cost
Impact; Schedule Impact; Initiator; Reference Document (if
prepared); Date Initiated/Approved.
4.3.2.4 Environment Assessment
Project Environmental Impact Assessments establish
the procedures necessary to prepare environmental
assessments and shall be included in all Project Proposals.
An environmental assessment describes and quantifies
project actions; identifies those discharges and emissions
regulated by environmental standards; predicts the
environmental changes resulting from the project; and
demonstrates compliance with applicable client and/or
Philippine Government environmental standards and policies.
The full environmental report with appropriate calculations is
to be included with the Project Proposals issued to be
received by the Environmental Protection Agency Office.
4.3.2.5 Projects shall meet the requirements of Client’s Engineering
Standards and Materials System Specifications, which are in
effect on the Project Proposal approval date. Changes to
Client’s Engineering Standards and Materials System
Specifications approved after the Project Proposal approval
date shall be mandatory only when:
• Changes that affect safety, health, environment, or security
that are highlighted by the concerned organization. In this
case, the impact of the changes on the project should be
reviewed by the Proponent.
• Changes that result in cost savings to the project. In this
case, the Project Management Team, Proponent, and

Engineering Services shall review and decide on
implementation.
A Project Change Request shall be initiated to
document and obtain approval to implement changes after
the project proposal approval date.
4.3.2.6 Drawing Index and Drawings
This section provides a list and copies of the drawings
that define the scope of the project. It shall include primary
drawings such as Process Flow Diagrams, Motor and
Equipment Layout, and other necessary drawings that are
required to establish the design basis and assist in
producing an Expenditure Request quality estimate.
4.3.3 Materials Related Requirements
4.3.3.1 General
The Project Proposal provides a table of major
materials and equipment identified for the project. During
preliminary engineering, the engineering contractor with
guidance from the project management team shall review all
acceptable or substitute materials which are available in the
client inventories for possible use on the project, with the
objective of:
a) Incorporating materials, which require the least new cash
outlay to the client.
b) Making maximum economic use of the materials available.
c) Make maximum economic use of imported manufactured
materials.
d) Provide full justification for any proposed purchases of
contingent quantities or non-installed spares.
During Project Proposal preparation, the Project
Management Team shall request a review and may request
assistance from the Materials Supply (MS) on all portions of
the plan that involve materials-related aspects of the work.
The Project Management Team will continue to be
responsible to ensure that the purchase order is
inacceptable technical compliance during the time the
Contractor is handling the order.
If procurement of major equipment and materials is on
the critical path of the project schedule, Project Management
Team may elect to consider "novation" of these items to
reduce their impact on the project schedule. "Novation"
typically involves; 1) placement of purchase order by the
Management Contractor or Project Proposal Contractor with
commitment only for engineering; and 2) after Expenditure
Request Approval transfer the purchase order to the
successful Lump Sum Turn Key Contractor on contract
award. The purchase order transferred to the Lump Sum
Turn Key Contractor will cover the complete scope involving
engineering and manufacture. Use of novated purchase
orders should be approved as part of the contracting plan or
as an individual item.
4.3.3.2 Material Source List

The materials source list identifies major equipment
and material items. Where possible, an estimated value and
quantity required shall be indicated. Also indicate
responsibility for the inspection, expediting, traffic and
transportation. The Project Proposal effort shall develop a
Quotation Request for major engineered equipment and
critical items and issue this Quotation Request to vendors to
determine prices and delivery schedules. For purpose of
preparing the Expenditure Request Estimate, the major
equipment list shall include the account number, the item
number, a brief description, the datasheet, a requisition
number, the estimated value, and other pertinent information.
4.3.3.3 Imported Manufactured Material

During Project Proposal development, the Project
Management Team shall obtain a current list of approved
imported manufactured products and sources from Material
Supply (MS). This list shall be provided to Lump Sum
Procure/Build and Lump Sum Turn Key Contractors to
encourage the use of imported manufactured materials.
4.3.4 Scheduling and Estimating Requirement

4.3.4.1 Project Summary Schedule
This section contains a project summary schedule
that shall be developed during the Proposal phase based on
information from the Project Milestone Schedule developed
during the Design Basis Scoping Paper. Project Summary
Schedule serves as a "working" tool in the absence of a
detailed schedule by the Contractor. The Project Summary

Schedule shall be used as a guide during technical
evaluation of contractors and start-up planning.
Project Summary Schedule addresses all the project
life cycle activities in a summary format. It must be logic-
driven, based on the Critical Path Method. This schedule
shall form the basis for the original Project Completion
Schedule. The Project Summary Schedule further expands
the level of detail while still supporting critical and key
milestone dates defined and prescribed in the contract.
Project Summary Schedule is expanded to include critical
milestone dates as well as any other key milestones that are
provided by Contractors.
4.3.4.2 Estimating Support Coordination
Final Expenditure Request estimate is required by the
Project Support Group eleven to thirteen weeks before the
Expenditure Request Approval date. The final Expenditure
Request estimate package shall be prepared and jointly
reviewed in parallel by Project Management Team at least 3
weeks prior to the required submittal date to the Budget
Director.
An important part of the Project Support and Controls
Group charter is to take an active role in setting out client
Expenditure Request estimate preparation requirements and
providing basic information to the contractor early in the
Project Proposal phase. This normally takes the form of a
kick-off meeting in the contractor's office, where the
Expenditure Request Preparation Guideline package is
presented and discussed.
Expenditure Request estimate progress milestones
are agreed upon with the contractor and Project
Management Team and progress is monitored as a basis for
judging when it is appropriate for the Project Support and
Controls Group estimating team to participate. Project
Support and Controls Group shall be involved at the
intermediate Project Proposal reviews to endorse the
Expenditure Request estimate.
When the Expenditure Request estimate is over or
under by more than 10% of the budget estimate, a cost
comparison between the approved budget and the
established Expenditure Request estimate shall be prepared
in conjunction with Project Support and Controls Group. The
cost comparison shall include a list of the scope changes
and other changes and shall be included in the Expenditure
Request package.
4.3.5 Appendix
The Appendix shall include letters, minutes, land use permits,
and other pertinent documents written during Project Proposal.
4.3.6 Numbering Project
All Project Proposals shall be numbered as follows:
The Client Approved Project Proposal Series (Numbers
assigned by the Technical Information Center).
Approved Project Proposal numbers shall be on the Project
Proposal Cover Sheet.
4.4 Project Improvement Effort
This section comprises of activities that on implementation would
optimize project cost and schedule, improve quality of the Project
Proposal and assure project execution success.
4.4.1 Value Engineering
Project Management Team shall initiate a formal Value
Engineering study during the Project Proposal development stage
when:
 The estimated Budget exceed Php 30 Million, or
 The estimated Budget is exceeded and a Value Engineering
study was not conducted during the pre-planning or Design Basis
Scoping Paper development stage, or
 The estimated Budget, and the pre-planning or Design Basis
Scoping Paper Stage Value Engineering report has
recommended that a Project Proposal Stage Value Engineering
study is required.
Proposals resulting from Value Engineering studies that are
accepted by the Proponent Organization and Project Management
Team, are to be reviewed by the Client and shall be incorporated
into the Project Proposal Scope of Work.
Value engineering studies conducted shall be coordinated
with the Value Engineering Unit of the Project Support and
Controls Group. For Value Engineering studies, Value Engineering

Unit shall be given the opportunity to participate if time/resources
permit. Otherwise, a copy of the final report shall be distributed to
the Manager, Project Support and Controls Group.
4.4.2 Benchmarking
The objective of the benchmarking analysis, during the
Project Proposal stage, is to is to identify high project risk, compare
the projects with the industry against key project parameters and
recommend changes to enhance project execution.
For all projects, Project Management Team shall initiate a
formal benchmarking analysis unless the Project Manager has
approved a waiver. The analysis shall be done at the appropriate
stage of the Project Proposal development comparing key
parameters of the project with an external industry-wide database.
The Project Team should utilize the assistance of a consultant to
carry out the quantitative analysis. The analysis would address key
project outcomes and associated risk based on the Project
Proposal effort to date. As a minimum, the following areas should
be addressed and compared to industry norms and best case:
 Status of front-end loading i.e., project definition, at the time the
benchmark analysis is prepared,
 Use of value improvement practices,
 The projected total installed cost of the project,
 An analysis of the contingency requirement based on project
scope and front-end loading,
 Engineering as a percentage of total installed cost,
 Time required for total project execution (Expenditure Request
Approval through On stream),
 Time required for the construction phase, and
 Expected time required for start-up
4.4.3 Quality Assessment/Quality Control Plan
The Project Management Team shall establish an overall
Quality Assessment/Quality Control Plan for the project. The
Quality Assessment/Quality Control Plan shall cover the
engineering, procurement, construction, and pre-commissioning
phases of the project. It shall prescribe the level of Quality
Assessment/Quality Control required for specific stages of the
project and cover details such as:
 Minimum inspection level required for each equipment type or
grouping guided by Client for that type of equipment
 Minimum number or percentage of the inspection workforce
required for each class of activity (i.e., welding, structural steel,
equipment, etc.)
 Special qualification requirements for inspectors inspecting
special equipment and/or materials
 Key quality performance indicators to track and evaluate the
Contractor (e.g., non-conformance reports, welder reject rate,
repair rate, etc.)
 Special receiving inspection requirements for critical equipment.
 Identify equipment for which site inspection will be required if
Contractor is not using client approved vendors.
 Special inspection or quality requirements.
4.4.4 Other Best Practices
Most industry, practice using Construction Industry Institute
and Materials Publication, which has developed best practices for
its members with the mission to improve the safety, quality,
schedule, and cost-effectiveness of the capital investment process.
Project Management has the most effective practices to be
implemented for its projects – Pre-Project Planning, Scope
Definition and Control/Change Management, Constructability,
Schedule Optimization, and Planning for Start-up. According to the
project's unique needs, other best practices may be substituted or
added.
When implementing Construction Industry Institute best
practices, Project Management Team shall refer to the Construction
Industry Institute library of publications, as well as the Client’s
database of lessons learned on previous projects.
4.5 Reporting and Review Requirements
4.5.1 Project Proposal Distribution for Review and Meetings
Draft Project Proposals shall be distributed for review to the
appropriate members of Management and attendees of the
Technical Review and Project Proposal Meetings. Distribution of
the Project Proposal narrative shall be in electronic format (in
Microsoft Word), and the drawings shall be distributed electronically
where feasible. The Project Management Team should utilize
online electronic reviews by key reviewers wherever possible. The
Project Management Team and proponent are responsible for
determining the recipients. As a minimum, the following represents
a list of various organizations that shall be considered for receipt of
the Project Proposal. However, only those organizations with direct
involvement shall receive the Project Proposal.
 Client (Project owner or Investor)
 Checked by (Reviewer or those Recommending Approval)
 Approved by (Approved or those who Recommend
Acceptability)
 Certified by (Those who Certifies or Guarantee Acceptability)
4.5.2 Technical Review Meeting
The Technical Review Meeting shall be held no sooner than
fifteen (15) working days after the distribution of the Project
Proposal for review. The location, date, and time of the meeting
shall be announced in the cover letter distributed with the Project
Proposal. The Technical Review Meeting shall discuss all technical
aspects of the Project Proposal, resolve technical questions,
address environmental issues, and review the Project Summary
Schedule. Interim technical review meetings shall be conducted as
required by Project Management Team depending upon the type
and complexity of the project. Items not resolved at the final
technical review meeting shall be addressed in the Project Proposal
Meeting. Substantive changes resulting from the technical review
meeting shall be incorporated as appropriate into the Project
Proposal documents.
The Project Management Team shall prepare minutes of the
Technical Review Meetings and distribute the minutes,
electronically whenever possible, to all persons who either received
the Project Proposal or attended the Technical Review Meeting.
The minutes shall include the estimated cost and schedule effects
of major changes from the Design Basis Scoping Paper/Project
Proposal as originally prepared. Refer to 4.3.2.3 for the definition
of major scope change.
4.5.3 Project Proposal Meeting
The purpose of the Project Proposal Meeting is to resolve
any outstanding items remaining after the Technical Review
Meeting and to finalize the project scope. The Project Proposal
Meeting shall be scheduled no sooner than five (5) working days

after the distribution of the minutes of the Technical Review
Meeting.
The delegated representatives of the Project Proposal
Approval Authorities shall attend this meeting in order to make
decisions on matters not resolved in the Technical Review Meeting.
The Project Management Team shall be responsible for
preparing and distributing the minutes of the Project Proposal
Meeting to those persons who either received a copy of the Project
Proposal or attended the Project Proposal Meetings.
4.5.4 Distribution and Storage of Approved Project Proposals
Following the approval of the Project Proposal, a final
approved copy shall be distributed as follows:
4.5.4.1 Client Project Management Team - one hard copy, to be

used as a "working" document for 5 years or for the duration
of the project, whichever is longer.
4.5.4.2 Client Facilities Planning Department - one hard copy, to be
used as a "working” document for 5 years or for the duration
of the project, whichever is longer.
4.5.4.3 Client Technical Information Center - one electronic copy
and one hard copy, for archival purpose.
4.5.4.4 Client Project Support and Controls Group - one electronic
copy, for input in the Electronic Image Document
Management System.
The electronic file submissions shall be on a Flash
Drive and contain an index at the beginning of each file
medium to facilitate retrieval of stored data. The electronic
text, spreadsheet, and graphical data shall be in Microsoft
format; and CAD data shall be in the approved client
standard or in AutoCAD DWG format. Scanned documents
shall be in TIFF format in accordance with the corporate
standard.

4.6 Approvals
4.6.1 Approval Process
4.6.1.1 Approvals
The Project Management Team shall be responsible
for obtaining the client approval for the Project Proposal from
the appropriate individuals listed. Executive Management
may delegate the approval authority to the General
Management level. Obtaining these signatures constitutes
full Project Proposal approval. The recommended order for
routing and approval will be as follows, however, Project
Management Team may seek parallel approval from more
than one organization at the same time where appropriate.
 Client (Project Owner or Investor)

 Checked by (Reviewer or those Recommending Approval)
 Approved by (Approver or those who Recommends
Acceptability)
 Certified by (Those who Certifies or Guarantee
Acceptability)
4.6.1.2 Unresolved Items
If unresolved items exist that would preclude
obtaining approvals as described in section 4.6.1.1, the
Project Management Team shall refer any unresolved item(s)
through appropriate channels of authority until resolution is
obtained. The Project Proposal minutes shall show the
estimated cost and schedule effects of any major changes
from the Design Basis Scoping Paper/Project Proposal as
originally prepared. Refer to 4.3.2.3 for a definition of major
scope change.
4.6.1.3 Obtaining Changes to an Approved Project Proposal
For a project with an approved Project Proposal but
which has not yet received Expenditure Request approval,
scope changes shall be as follows:
Scope changes that are not major shall be
documented by Project Management Team in meeting
minutes (refer to 4.3.2.3 for a definition of major scope
change). Where applicable, representatives from Proponent
and other involved organizations shall approve the meeting
minutes. The meeting minutes shall describe the proposed
changes, the justification, and the cost and schedule impact.
The required minimal approval authority for the meeting
minutes is supervisory level. Approval of the meeting
minutes by all concerned parties constitutes inclusion of the
minor scope changes into the project scope.
Major scope changes shall require an addendum to
the approved Project Proposal (refer to 4.3.2.3 for the
definition of major scope change). The addendum shall
describe the proposed changes the justification and the cost
and schedule impact. Approval of the addendum shall be
obtained from the original signatories before design work
starts. The addendum shall be distributed to all those that
received the original Project Proposal.
4.6.1.4 Contract Bid Package
After the approval of the Project Proposal, the Project
Management Team shall revise the Project Proposal's
narrative, drawings, and specifications to incorporate
substantive changes resulting from the Technical Review
and Project Proposal Meetings before issuing the project bid
documents. If this is not practical, an addendum to the bid
package shall be prepared and issued to bidders at the
earliest possible opportunity.
5.0 List of Document Type to be produced for Preliminary Engineering and
Design Scope of the Project (Electrical Engineering Discipline, etc.)
5.1 From Consulting and Design Engineering Contractor

5.1.1 Document list and index.
5.1.2 Report for the study of sizing of major equipment
5.1.3 Plot plans showing the locations of electrical equipment
5.1.4 Equipment list
5.1.5 Report of grounding system studies
5.1.6 Block diagrams
5.1.7 Schedule of wires and raceways
5.1.8 Project equipment specifications
5.1.9 Project equipment datasheets
5.1.10 Block diagrams for control
5.2 From Suppliers (or Vendor or Manufacturer) of Equipment and
Materials
5.2.1 Plans, elevations and sections of large motors and their driven
machines. Termination in major equipment terminal boxes, e.
motors, optional.
6.0 Front-End Engineering and Design to be developed per requirements of
this EE Project Study
6.1 Facility/plant location and layout

6.2 Facility/process description, design basis and performance
specification
6.3 Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs)
6.4 Major mechanical, electrical, and utilities requirements
6.5 Electrical one-line diagrams and electrical area classification drawings
6.6 Project schedules
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the project study is to:
 Understand basic features when selecting and specifying electrical
distribution equipment.
 Learn and know what are the requiring factors or principles need to
consider in designing a Distribution System of 120-Bed Hospital
with Auxiliaries.
 Provide a reliability and quality of power supply, safety, economics,
simplicity of project and functionality.
DESIGNER’S OBJECTIVES
The designer’s objective is to design an electric power distribution system
for a 120-bed hospital with auxiliaries. It aims to ensure that it meets the
regulatory codes and standards and follows the design layout for it to be reliable,
safe, simple, and economical, and to estimate the total cost.
Our other objective in the Capstone Design Project is to learn not only to do the
electric power distribution but also to learn how to collaborate, coordinate, and
communicate with other engineering disciplines to complete the design work.
THE CLIENT
San Antonio Life Care Hospital
Dr. Benson B. Calapit
San Antonio, San Pascual, Batangas
PROJECT SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

The project study covers:
 Electrical engineering discipline
 Detailed materials and equipment specifications
 The overall design process and final installation of Front-End
Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution for a 120-
Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries.

CHAPTER 2
DESIGN INPUTS
Requirements
The knowledge applied to further improve and develop the design of the
project was also based on the knowledge learned and studied from our four
years of electrical engineering program.
Specific Knowledge Areas

The designers have applied the knowledge learned from the following
previous courses:
 Computer Aided Drafting – used to draw the layout of the design
project.
 Microsoft Excel – the knowledge of maximizing the use of the
software for an easier and faster computation of some parameters.
 Microsoft Word – used in the documentation of the project.
 Microsoft Project – used in scheduling of the task of the said project.
 Fundamentals of Power Plant Engineering Design
 Electrical System and Illumination Engineering Design
 Safety Engineering
 Feedback Control System
 Industrial Electronics
 Engineering Economy – for cost-benefit analysis
 Management of Engineering Project
 Environmental Science and Engineering
The Project
Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution for a
120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries (A Capstone Design Project) which is basically
about designing an Electric Power Distribution.

CHAPTER 3
CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT
Input-Process-Output
A conceptual framework is an analytical tool with several variations and
contexts. It is used to make conceptual distinctions and organize ideas. Strong
conceptual frameworks capture something real and do this in a way that is easy
to remember and apply. Conceptual frameworks are abstract representations,
connected to the research project's goal that directs the collection and analysis
of data.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
FIGURE 3.1 INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
Capstone Design Project

The crowning achievement of our four-year stays at Westmead
International School. The finishing stone of the structure called Bachelor of
Science in Electrical Engineering.
Our mantra, CAPSTONE4 – Challenging Activities in Project Studies to

Team, to Organize, and to Nurture our 4Es (We have the Edge and Energy to
Energized others and Execute with Excellence).
A “Capstone Design Project” is multidiscipline in nature, requires help and

assistance from another engineering discipline, demands not only personal but
also interpersonal, managerial, and organizational skills to execute and
complete the tasks involved.
“Thesis Writing” on the other hand can be done solely by the individual
and requires basic personal skills in the study and research endeavor, imposed
a need for a research adviser and a grammarian to finish the task.
In “Capstone Design Project”, plagiarism is not an issue since

engineering and design research is about applied science and does not need
any proof that the application will work. In “Thesis Writing” however, plagiarism
is always a concern because the research tool uses pure science, requires proof,
usually a prototype as evidence that the assertions of the research thesis are
true.
Circuit Diagram
Power Layout
Power layout is a drawing where the installations of convenience outlets
or sockets for appliances and other portable equipment are done.
Conduit Layout
Electrical conduit layout is a drawing of tube used to protect and route
electrical wiring in a building or structure. Electrical conduit may be made
of metal, steel, or PVC. Most conduits are rigid, but flexible conduit is
used for some purposes, especially for motors.
Grounding Layout
Electrical grounding layout is a drawing of an electrical conductor placed
in the ground or earth to protect consumers from unfortunate electrical
shocks and to provide return path for electrical current.
Wiring Installation and Layout

A wiring installation is a simple visual representation of the physical
connections and physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It shows
how the electrical wires are interconnected and can also show where
fixtures and components may be connected to the system.
Facility Layout (120-Bed Hospital with Auxiliaries)

This part of the project design encompasses the facility layout, including
the physical appearance and dimensions/sizes of the project. After
specifying the materials and equipment needed, the layouts of the project
with the specific location of equipment can be identified.

CHAPTER 4
CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS
DESIGN CONSTRAINTS
Design constraints are conditions that need to happen for a project to be

successful. Design constraints help narrow choices when creating a project.
Priorities help designers and client narrow down choices to meet exactly client
needs. Usually, constraints are about budgets and in this case setting our
priorities in order to help in eliminating constraints. Design constraints can feel
like a negative thing sometimes, but they help shape the project to fit exact
purpose.
The following design constraints were considered for the design of a solar
powered pumps unit:
 Safety - Safety is one of the most important factors that the proponents
considered in designing their project. To ensure the safety of the design,
the proponent used codes and standard in designing the different
components needed. Safety standards were strictly followed during the
project design phase in order to make sure that the whole system is
safe, secured, and free from any hazards.
 Sustainability - One constraint that the proponents considered is the
maintenance of the system. The selected project components are
maintenance-free and just require minimum inspection from time to time.
This makes the project sustainable since the equipment and materials
are durable and can be used for a long period of time.
 Economics - the team considered the cost of each equipment in every
design. The project proponents had ensured that the materials and
equipment selected were of the best price range yet provide the quality
needed. To ensure that the project has an optimized economic value,
the team had chosen the best project components available locally.
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS
A trade-off is a situational decision that involves diminishing or losing one

quality, quantity or property of a set or design in return for gains in other aspects.
In simple terms, a trade-off is where one thing increases, and another must
decrease. It is used to determine which design is best to use.

The proponents focus on achieving an efficient electrical design, material
and equipment quality, and highly efficient. All these designs have been used to
acquire the desired need of the output. The proponents enhanced existing
product performance in coordination with development team. Much of the work
involve producing drawings, diagrams, specifications, and detailed instructions
for construction practices, plus all the purchasing, and testing documentation.
Economic
For the economic constraints, the team considered the cost of each
equipment in every design. The project proponents had ensured that the
materials and equipment selected were of the best price range yet provide the
quality needed. To ensure that the project has an optimized economic value, the
team had chosen the best project components available locally. The ability to
satisfy this criterion was calculated by determining the local cost of each design.
As a result, the team was able to create an efficient project with high economic
value.
Reliability
For the reliability constraint, the team considered the most reliable
suppliers and manufacturers of the equipment’s to be used in order to strengthen
and maximized the durability of the equipment. The proponents have selected
the best brands in order to meet the quality standards of the project. Since
precision agriculture techniques are used, it makes the system more reliable
because it decreases the hours consumed in irrigating the fields since it is
automated. Also, less manpower is needed which is beneficial for the owner
because the expense on workers’ wages was also reduced. In this manner, a
reliable system is produced which can deliver satisfactorily results.
Safety
For the safety constraints, the proponents ensured that all the design
basis follows the Codes and Standards in every parameter. . To ensure the
safety of the design, the proponent used codes and standard in designing the
different components needed. Safety standards were strictly followed during the
project design phase in order to make sure that the whole system is safe,
secured, and free from any hazards. Employment of protective devices was also
made to protect electrical equipment from any potential surges or faults. These
safety considerations were extensively carried out for protection purposes
especially for submersible pumps, motor drives, batteries, etc.

Environment
For the environment–friendly constraints, the proponents used
equipment’s that do not harm the environment. Since the system is using
renewable energy as the main power source, it is ensured that clean energy is
produced. It eliminates green-house effect and reduces ozone depletion due to
fumes released by the power plants which utilizes coals and other non-renewable
energy sources.
DESIGN STANDARDS
Design Standards are the measure of acceptability and quality in terms of

safety, environment, and health and it is incumbent upon all facility and product
design engineers to adhere to.
The design of this project conforms to the recommendation, codes,

standards, and practices of Philippine Electrical Codes (PEC), National Electrical
Codes (NEC), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standards, National Electrical
Manufacturers Association (NEMA) Standards.


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Westmead International School

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

A Capstone Design Project

CHAPTER 1: PROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................................ 1

Engineering Research and The Project.......................................................................................... 1

Project Scope and Limitations....................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 2: DESIGN INPUTS.......................................................................................................... 21

CHAPTER 3: CAPSTONE DESIGN PROJECT................................................................................ 22

CHAPTER 4: CONSTRAINTS, TRADE-OFFS, AND STANDARDS...........................................24

CHAPTER 5: FINAL DESIGN.............................................................................................................28

Electrical Area Classification.......................................................................................................... 29

Project Cost Estimate.................................................................................................................... 88

Electrical One Line Diagram…........................................................................................................ 97

Installation Details of Electrical Equipment Room...............................................................................99

Location Map................................................................................................................................ 100

Scope of Work.............................................................................................................................. 102

TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................... 104

Appendix A (Design Project Summary).............................................................................................113

Appendix B (Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors)..............................................................115

Appendix C (Wire and Breaker Sizes)..............................................................................................116

Appendix D (Conduit & Tubing Fill)Z................................................................................................ 117

Appendix E (About the Authors)..................................................................................................... 118

Reference A (Codes, Standard, Industry Practices and Textbooks).................................................... 120

Reference B (Philippine Electrical Code).......................................................................................... 122

Reference C (National Electrical Code)…........................................................................................123

Reference D (IEEE Standards)....................................................................................................... 124

This project study entitled

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor

ADVISER’S RECOMMENDATION SHEET

This project study entitled

FRONT-END ENGINEERING AND DESIGN

- Claire, Joshua, Pamela, John Paul, and Camille

ABET......................... Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology

FEED......................... Front–End Engineering and Design

REFERENCE A IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in

REFERENCE B IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power

REFERENCE C Standard Handbook for Electrical Engineers, H. Wayne

REFERENCE D Industrial Power Systems Handbook, Donald Beeman

REFERENCE E Handbook of Electrical Engineering, Alan L. Sheldrake

REFERENCE F Standard Handbook of Engineering Calculations, Tyler G.

APPENDIX A Design Project Summary

APPENDIX B Allowable Ampacities of Insulated Conductors

APPENDIX C Wire and Breaker Sizes

APPENDIX D Conduit and Tubing Fill

APPENDIX E About the Authors

This chapter discusses the Project, Engineering Research Methods,

ENGINEERING RESEARCH AND THE PROJECT

In acceding to the request of ABET and PACUCOA Accreditation, as well

Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution 1

2.0 The Engineering Research Method and/or Stages of Design

The engineering design process is a methodical series of steps that

2.1 Feasibility Study

2.2 Preliminary Engineering

Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution 2

2.3 Detailed Engineering and Design

2.4 Design for Manufacturability

Front-End Engineering and Design of an Electric Power Distribution 3

3.0 A Brief of Our Class Capstone Design Project

3.1 Our EE Capstone Design Project

3.2.1 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Systems in Health

3.2.2 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution