1. An object is moving towards a mirror with a velocity v as shown in figure.

If the collision
between the mirror and the object is perfectly elastic, then the velocity of the image after
collision with mirror in vector form is

  

A)  v j B)  v cos 2 j  v sin 2 i
  

C)  v i D)  v cos  j  v sin  i

2. A disc of radius r is rolling on a plane horizontal mirror with constant angular velocity as
shown in the figure. The velocity of image of point Q w.r.t Q itself is given by [P is contact
point and line PQ makes an angle  with vertical at any given instant]

A) 2r cos 2 B) 4r cos  sin  C) 2r cos  D) 2r sin 

3. The view in the figure is from above a plane mirror suspended by a thread connected to the
centre of the mirror at point A. A scale is located 0.75 m (the distance from point A to point
P) to the right of the centre of the mirror. Initially, the plane of the mirror is parallel to the
side of the scale; and the angle of incidence of a light ray which is directed at the centre of
the mirror is 30º. A small torque applied to the thread causes the mirror to turn 11.5° away
from its initial position. The reflected ray then intersects the scale at point Q. The distance
from point P to point Q on the scale is
1 1 .5 º
N o r m a l t o th e m ir r o r
in it s in t ia l p o s it io n .
In itia l P o s itio n
o f th e m ir r o r .
30º
A P
0 .7 5 m

A) 1.00 m B) 0.56 m C) 1.02 m D) 0.86 m.

266 OPTICS

4. Two plane mirrors are parallel to each other and spaced 20 cm apart. An object is kept in
between them at 15 cm from A. Out of the following at which point(s) image(s) is/are not
formed in mirror A (distance measured from mirror A):
A) 15 cm B) 25 cm C) 45 cm D) 55 cm

5. An insect of negligible mass is sitting on a block of mass M, tied with a spring of force
constant K. The block performs simple harmonic motion with amplitude A infront of a plane
mirror placed as shown. The maximum speed of insect relative to its image will be

K A K K M
A A 2 A
A) M B) 2 M C) M D) K


6. An object of mass m is moving with velocity u towards a plane mirror kept on a stand as
shown in the figure. The mass of the mirror and stand system is m. A head on elastic
collision takes place between the object and the mirror stand, the velocity of image before
and after the collision is

       
A) u,2u B)  u, 2u C)  u,2u D) u, 2u

7. In the diagram shown, the object is performing SHM according to the equation
y =2Asin (t) and the plane mirror is performing SHM according to the equation
 
Y   A sin  t  
 3.The diagram shows the state of the object and the mirror at time
t = 0 sec. The minimum time from t = 0 sec after which the velocity of the image becomes
equal to zero?
 OPTIC267
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 3  2
A) 3 B)  C) 6 D) 3
8. In the figure shown a person AB of height 170 cm is standing in front of a plane mirror. His
eyes are at height 164 cm. At what distance from P should a hole be made in the mirror so
that he cannot see the top of his head.

A) 167 cm B) 161 cm C) 163 cm D) none of these

9. An object and a plane mirror are shown in figure. Mirror is moved with velocity
V as shown. The velocity of image is:

A) 2 V sin B) 2 V C) 2 V cos  D) none of these

10. A mirror of length L moves horizontally as shown in the figure with a velocity v. The mirror is
illuminated by a point source of light ‘P’ placed on the ground. The rate at which the length
of the light spot on the ground increases is:

L V

g ro u n d

A) v B) zero C) 2v D) 3v

11. Two plane mirrors A & B are aligned parallel to each other, as shown in the
figure. A light ray is incident to an angle of 30º at a point just inside one end of
A. The plane of incidence coincides with the plane of the figure. The maximum
number of times the ray undergoes reflections (including the first one) before it
emerges out is:

A) 28 B) 30 C) 32 D) 34
268 OPTICS

12. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other at an angle 60 . If a ray of light incident on the
first mirror is parallel to the second mirror, it is reflected from the second mirror
A) Perpendicular to the first mirror B) Parallel to the first mirror
C) Parallel to the second mirror D) Perpendicular to the second mirror

13. An unnumbered wall clock shows time 04: 25: 37, where 1st term represents hours, 2nd
represents minutes and the last term represents seconds. What time will its image in a plane
mirror show.
A) 08: 35: 23 B) 07: 35: 23 C) 07: 34: 23 D) none of these

14. To get three images of a single object, one should have two plane mirrors at an angle of
A) 60 B) 90 C)120 D) 30

15. A person runs with a speed u towards a bicycle moving away from him with speed v. The
person approaches his image in the plane mirror fixed at the rear of bicycle with a speed of
A) u – v B) u – 2v C) 2u – v D) 2(u – v)

16. Two mirrors labelled L1 for left mirror and L 2 for right mirror in the figure are parallel to each
other and 3.0 m apart. A person standing 1.0 m from the right mirror ( L 2 ) looks into this
mirror and sees a series of images. The second nearest image seen in the right mirror is
situated at a distance:

A) 2.0 m from the person B) 4.0 m from the person

C) 6.0 m from the person D) 8.0 m from the person.

17. Two plane mirrors are inclined at 70 . A ray incident on one mirror at angle  after reflection
falls on the second mirror and is reflected from there parallel to the first mirror,  is:
A) 50 B) 45 C) 30 D) 55

18. Two plane mirrors AB and AC are inclined at an angle   20. A ray of light starting from
point P is incident at point Q on the mirror AB, then at R on mirror AC and again on S on AB
finally the ray ST goes parallel to mirror Ac. The angle i which the ray makes with the normal
at point Q on mirror AB is
 OPTIC269
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A) 20 B) 30 C) 40 D) 60

19. Two plane mirrors of length L are separated by distance L and a man M2 is standing at
distance L from the connecting line of mirrors as shown in figure. A man M1 is walking is a
straight line at distance 2 L parallel to mirrors at speed u, then man M2 at O will be able to
see image of M1 for total time:

4L 3L 6L 9L
A) u B) u C) u D) u

20. Two plane mirrors are placed parallel to each other at a distance L apart. A point object O is
placed between them, at a distance L / 3 from one mirror. Both mirrors form multiple
images. The distance between any two images cannot be
A) 3L / 2 B) 2L / 3 C) 2L D) None

21. A man of height ‘h’ is walking away from a street lamp with a constant speed ‘v’. The height
of the street lamp is 3h. The rate at which of the length of the man’s shadow is increasing
when he is at a distance 10h from the base of the street lamp is :
A) v/2 B) v/3 C) 2v D) v/6

22. In the diagram shown, all the velocities are given with respect to earth. What is the relative
velocity of the image in mirror (1) with respect to the image in the mirror (2)? The mirror (1)
forms an angle  with the vertical.
270 OPTICS

A) 2Vsin2  B) 2Vsin  C) 2V /sin2  D) none

23. A point object is kept in front of a plane mirror. The plane mirror is doing SHM of amplitude
2 cm. The plane mirror moves along the x-axis and x-axis is normal to the mirror. The
amplitude of the mirror is such that the object is always in front of the mirror. The amplitude
of SHM of the image is
A) zero B) 2 cm C) 4 cm D) 1 cm
24. Two mirrors AB and CD are arranged along two parallel lines. The maximum number of
images of object O that can be seen by any observer is

A) One B) Two C) Four D) Infinite

25. Two plane mirrors are joined together as shown in the figure. Two point objects
O1 and O2   are placed symmetrically such that AO1  A O2  . The image of the two
objects is common if:

A)   60 B)   90 C)   30 D)   45

ˆ ˆ ˆ
26. A plane mirror is moving with velocity 4 i  5 j  8 k . A point object in front of the mirror
ˆ ˆ ˆ
moves with a velocity 3 i  4 j  5 k . Here k̂ is along the normal to the plane mirror and facing
towards the object. The velocity of the image is:
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
A)  3 i  4 j  5 k B) 3 i  4 j  11k
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
C)  3 i  4 j  11k D) 7 i  9 j  11k

27. A beam of light strikes one mirror of a right angle mirror assembly at an angle of incidence
45 as shown in the figure. The right angle mirror assembly is rotated such that the angle of
incidence becomes 60 . Which of the following statement is correct about the emerging light
beam.
 OPTIC271
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A) It will move through an angle of 15 w.r.t. the original emerging beam.
B) It will move through an angle of 30 w.r.t. the original emerging beam.
C) It will move through an angle 45 w.r.t. the original beam.
D) It will emerge parallel to the original emerging beam.
28. The reflection surface of a plane mirror is vertical. A particle is projected in a vertical plane
which is also perpendicular to the mirror. The initial velocity of the particle is 10 m/s and the
angle of projection is 60 . The point of projection is at a distance 5 m from the mirror. The
particle moves towards the mirror. Just before the particle touches the mirror the velocity of
approach of the particle and its image is:

A) 10 m/s B) 5 m/s C) 10 3 m/s D) 5 3 m/s

29. A boy of height 1.5 m with his eye level at 1.4 m stands before a plane mirror of length 0.75
m fixed on the wall. The height of the lower edge of the mirror above the floor is 0.8 m. Then:
A) the boy will see his full image B) the boy cannot see his hair
C) the boy cannot see his feet D) the boy cannot see neither his hair nor his feet.

30. Two blocks each of mass m lie on a smooth table. They are attached to two other masses as
shown in the figure. The pulleys and strings are light. An object O is kept at rest on the table.
The sides AB & CD of the two blocks are made reflecting. The acceleration of two images
formed in those two reflecting surfaces w.r.t. each other is:

A) 5g / 6 B) 5g / 3 C) g / 3 D) 17g / 6

31. As shown in the figure a particle is placed at O in front of a plane mirror M. A man at P can
move along path PY and PY' then which of the following is true
272 OPTICS

A) For all point on PY man can see the image of O

B) For all point on PY' man can see the image, but for no point on PY he can see the image of O
C) For all point on PY' he can see the image but on PY he can see the image only upto
distance d.
D) He can see the image only upto a distance d on either side of P.

32. A two eyed man is looking at the junction of two large mutually perpendicular mirrors from a
far off distance. Assume no reflection to occur from the edge. Then if both the eyes are open

A) The eye 1 of man can see image of both eye 1 and eye 2.
B) The eye 1 can see image of eye 1 only and eye 2 see image of eye 2 only.
C) The eye 1 can see image of eye 2 only and eye 2 can see image of eye one only.
D) All the above statements are false.

33. A point source of light S is placed in front of two large mirrors as shown. Which of the
following observers will see only one image of S?

A) only A B) only C C) Both A and C D) Both B and C

M and M2 are inclined at an angle  as shown. An object O is placed at a

34. Two plane mirrors 1
distance a from the joint J of mirrors. Distance between first image formed by each of the
mirrors is

2a sin      2a sin     
A) 2a sin  B) 2a sin  C) D)

35. An object is projected from A and reaches B on the same horizontal surface. A plane mirror
inclined at an angle  to the horizontal is placed on the ground as shown in the figure.
Which of the following best describes the path of the image.
 OPTIC273
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36. A man is walking under an inclined mirror at a constant velocity Vm/s along the X axis. If
the mirror is inclined at an angle  with the horizontal then what is the velocity of the image?

ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
A) V sin  i  V cos i B) V cos  i  V sin i
ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ
C) V sin 2 i  V cos 2 j D) V cos 2 i  V sin 2 j

37. A light ray gets reflected from a pair of mutually  mirrors, not necessarily along axes. The
intersection point of mirrors is at origin. The incident light is along y  x  2. If the light ray
strikes both mirrors in succession, then it may get reflected finally along the line:

A) y  2x  2 B) y   x  2 C) y   x  2 D) y  x  4
274 OPTICS

M-2

1. A concave mirror cannot form

A) virtual image of virtual object B) virtual image of a real object
C) real image of a real object D) real image of a virtual object.

2. I is the image of a point object O formed by spherical mirror, then which of the following
statement is incorrect:
A) If O and I are on same side of the principal axis, then they have to be on opposite sides of
the mirror.
B) If O and I are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they have to be on same side of
the mirror.
C) If O and I are on opposite side of the principal axis, then they can be on opposite side of
the mirror as well.
D) If O is on principal axis then I has to lie on principal axis only.

3. In the figure shown, the image of a real object O is formed at point I. AB is the
principal axis of the mirror. The mirror must be:

A) concave & placed towards right of I

B) concave & placed towards left of I
C) convex & placed towards right of I
D) convex & placed towards left of I.

4. A point object 'O' is at the centre of curvature of a concave mirror. The mirror starts to move
with speed u, in a direction perpendicular to the principal axis. Then the initial velocity of the
image is:
A) 2 u, in the direction opposite to that of mirror's velocity
B) 2 u, in the direction same as that of mirror's velocity
C) zero
D) u, in the direction same as that of mirror's velocity.

5. A linear object AB is placed along the axis of a concave mirror. The object is moving towards
the mirror with speed V. The speed of the image of the point A is 4 V and the speed of the
image of B is also 4V. If centre of the line AB is at a distance L from the mirror then length of
the object AB will be
 OPTIC275
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A B

3L 5L 4L
A) 2 B) 3 C) L D) 3

6. An object of height 1 cm is kept perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of

radius of curvature 20 cm. If the distance of the object from the mirror is 20 cm then the
distance (in cm) between heads of the image and the object will be:
6404 6414 40
A) 9 B) 9 C) 3 D) none of these

7. A point object on the principal axis at a distance 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius
of curvature 20 cm has velocity 2 mm/s perpendicular to the principal axis. The magnitude
of velocity of image at that instant will be:
A) 2 mm/s B) 4 mm/s C) 8 mm/s D) 16 mm/s

8. A point object at 15 cm from a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm is made to

oscillate along the principal axis with amplitude 2 mm. The amplitude of its image will be
A) 2 mm B) 4 mm C) 8 mm D) 16 mm

9. The largest distance of the image of a real object from a convex mirror of focal length 20 cm
can be:
A) 20 cm B) infinite
C) 10 cm D) depends on the position of the object

10. Which of the following can form erect, virtual, diminished image?
A) plane mirror B) concave mirror C) convex mirror D) none of these

11. An object is placed at a distance u from a concave mirror and its real image is received on a
screen placed at a distance of v from the mirror. If f is the focal length of the mirror, then the
graph between 1/v versus 1/u is

A) B)
276 OPTICS

C) D)
12. A real inverted image in a concave mirror is represented by graph (u, v, f are coordinates)

A) B)

C) D)

13. The distance between an object and its doubly magnified image by a concave mirror is:
[Assume f = focal length]
A) 3 f/2 B) 2 f/3
C) 3 f D) depends on whether the image is real or virtual.

14. A car is fitted with a convex side–view mirror of focal length 20 cm. A second car 2.8 m
behind the first car is overtaking the first car at a relative speed of 15 m/s. The speed of the
image of the second car as seen in the mirror of the first one is:
1 1
A) 10 m/s B) 15 m/s C) 10 m/s D) 15 m/s

15. A concave mirror is used to form image of the Sun on a white screen. If the lower half of the
mirror were covered with an opaque card, the effect on the image on the screen would be
A) negligible
B) to make the image less bright than before
C) to make the upper half of the image disappear
D) to make the lower half of the image disappear

16. A convex mirror of focal length ‘f’ is placed at the origin with its reflecting surface towards the
negative x-axis. Choose the correct graphs between ‘v’ and ‘u’ for u < 0.
 OPTIC277
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A) B) C) D)

17. In the figure shown, the image of a real object is formed at point I. AB is the principal axis of
the mirror. The mirror must be:

A) concave & placed towards right I B) concave & placed towards left of I
C) convex and placed towards right of I D) convex & placed towards left of I.

18. An infinitely long rod lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f. The near end of
the rod is at a distance u > f from the mirror. Its image will have a length
f2 uf f2 uf
A) u  f B) u  f C) u  f D) u  f

19. A point source is situated at a distance x < f from the pole of the concave mirror of focal
length f. At time t = 0, the point source starts moving away from the mirror with constant
v
velocity. Which of the graphs below represents best, variation of image distance with the
distance x between the pole of mirror and the source.

A) B) C) D)

20. A point object is between the Pole and Focus of a concave mirror, and moving away from the
mirror with a constant speed. Then, the velocity of the image is:
A) away from mirror and increasing in magnitude
B) towards mirror and increasing in magnitude
C) away from mirror and decreasing in magnitude
D) towards mirror and decreasing in magnitude

21. An object is placed in front of a convex mirror at a distance of 50 cm. A plane mirror is
introduced covering the lower half of the convex mirror. If the distance between the object
and the plane mirror is 30 cm, it is found that there is no gap between the images formed by
the two mirrors. The radius of the convex mirror is:
A) 12.5 cm B) 25 cm C) 50 cm D) 100 cm
278 OPTICS

22. A luminous point object is moving along the principal axis of a concave mirror of focal length
12 cm towards it. When its distance from mirror is 20 cm its velocity is 4 cm/s. The velocity
of the image in cm/s at that instant is:
A) 6 towards the mirror B) 6 away from the mirror
C) 9 away from the mirror D) 9 towards the mirror

23. When an object is placed at a distance of 25 cm from a concave mirror, the magnification is
m1. The object is moved 15 cm farther away with respect to the earlier position, and the

magnification becomes m2 . If m1 / m2  4 the focal length of the mirror is (Assume image is

real m1,m2 are numerical values)
A) 10 cm B) 30 cm C) 15 cm D) 20 cm

24. In the figure shown if the object ‘O’ moves towards the plane mirror, then the image I (which
is formed after successive reflections from M1 & M2 respectively) will move:

A) towards right B) towards left C) with zero velocity D) cannot be determined

25. All of the following statements are correct except (for real object):
A) the magnification produced by a convex mirror is always less than or equal to one
B) a virtual, erect, same sized image can be obtained using a plane mirror
C) a virtual, erect, magnified image can be formed using a concave mirror
D) a real, inverted, same sized image can be formed using a convex mirror.

26. The distance of an object from the pole of a concave mirror is equal to its radius of curvature.
The image must be:
A) real B) inverted C) same sized D) erect

27. A straight line joining the object point and image point is always perpendicular to the mirror
A) if mirror is plane only B) if mirror is concave only
C) if mirror is convex only D) irrespective of the type of mirror.

28. Choose the correct statement related to the motion of object and its image in the case of
mirrors
A) Object and its image always move along normal w.r.t. mirror in opposite directions
B) Only in the case of convex mirror, it may happen that the object and its image move in the
same direction
 OPTIC279
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C) Only in the case of concave mirror, it may happen that the object and its image move in
the same direction
D) Only in case of plane mirrors, object and its image move in opposite directions

29. A square ABCD of side 1mm is kept at distance 15 cm in front of the concave mirror as
shown in the figure. The focal length of the mirror is 10 cm. The length of the perimeter of its
image will be:

A) 8 mm B) 2 mm C) 12 mm D) 6 mm

30. In the figure shown find the total magnification after two successive reflections first on M1 &

then on M2

A) + 1 B) – 2 C) + 2 D) – 1

31. A particle revolves in clockwise direction (as seen from point A) in a circle C of radius 1 cm
and completes one revolution in 2 sec. The axis of the circle and the principal axis of the
mirror M coincide. Call it AB. The radius of curvature of the mirror is 21 cm. Then the
direction of revolution (as seen from A) of the image of the particle and its speed is

A) Clockwise, 1.57 cm/s B) Clockwise, 3.14 cm/s

C) Anticlockwise, 1.57 cm/s D) Anticlockwise, 3.14 cm/s

32. The incorrect statement for a concave mirror producing a virtual image of the object.
A) The linear magnification is always greater than one. Except at the pole
B) The linear magnification is always less than one.
C) The magnification tends to one as the object move nearer to the pole of the mirror.
D) The distance of the object from the pole of the mirror is less than the focal length of
mirror.
280 OPTICS

33. Which of the following relations is correct for a spherical mirror if a point object is kept on
the principal axis. [‘P’ is pole, ‘C’ is centre object is at point ‘O’, image is at point ‘I’]
OP IP OP IP PC PI IO IP
   
A) OC IC B) IC OC C) PO PC D) CP CO

34. The circular boundary of the concave mirror subtends a cone of half angle  at its centre of
curvature. The minimum value of  for which any ray incident on this mirror parallel to the
principle axis suffers reflection more than one is

A) 300 B) 450 C) 600 D) 750

35. An object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The
distance between the mirrors is 22.5 cm. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20
cm. What should be the distance of the object from the concave mirror so that after two
successive reflections the final image is formed on the object itself: [Consider first reflection
from concave mirror]
A) 5 cm B) 15 cm C) 10 cm D) 7.5 cm
36. You are looking in a mirror. The field of view (for same aperture) is minimum for:
A) Convex mirror B) concave mirror C) plane mirror D) all have same field view

37. In the headlights of automobiles, the reflectors employed are parabolic because
A) this helps in providing a wide beam of light
B) it increases the intensity of light
C) it minimizes spherical aberration and provides a sharp image of the source
D) it eliminates all colour effects in the beam of light.

38. The focal length of a concave mirror is f and the distance form the object to the principal
focus is x. Then the ratio of the size of the image to the size of the size of the object is:
 f  x f f f2
C) x
2
A) f B) x D) x

39. Fof a certain plane reflecting surface, the unit vector along the incident ray is î and that
  
  i  3 j
 2 2 
along the outward normal to the surface is   . The unit vector along the reflected
ray will be
 
i 3 i 3 3  3 1
 j  j  i j  i j
A) 2 2 B) 2 2 C) 2 D) 2 2
 OPTIC281
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3
R
40. A ray of light is incident on a concave mirror of radius of curvature ‘R’ at a height 2 from
the principal axis as shown. The net deviation in ray caused by the mirror is:

2  
A) 3 B)  C) 2 D) 6
M-3

1. Figure I given below shows a glass vessel, partially filled with water. A narrow beam of light
is incident vertically down into the water and passes straight through. Figure II shows the
vessel glass tilted until the angle  , such that the light is refracted along the lower surface of
4
the glass. If refractive indices of air, water and glass are 1, 3 and 1.5 respectively then:

3 3 8 8
sin   cos   sin   cos  
A) 4 B) 4 C) 9 D) 9

2. The figure shows a parallel slab of refractive index n2 which is surrounded by media of
   0
refractive indices n1 and n3 . Light is incident on the slab at angle of incidence . The time
taken by the ray to cross the slab is ‘ t1 ’ if incidence is from ‘ n1 ’ and it is ‘ t 2 ’ if the incidence

is from ‘ n3 ’. Then assuming that n2   n1 ,n2   n3  and n3   n1 , then value of t1 /t 2 .

A) = 1 B) > 1 C) < 1 D) cannot be decided

282 OPTICS

3. In the figure shown an object ‘AB’ makes small angle with the normal line ‘PQ’. The length of
‘AB’ is  . The refractive index of the slab is ‘n’ and the surrounding medium is air. ‘AB’ is
seen with the help of paraxial rays, from the left side of the slab. The size of the image of AB
is

  1
 1  
A)  B)  C)   D)  
4. A man observes a coin placed at the bottom of a beaker which contains two immiscible
liquids of refractive indices 1.2 and 1.4 as shown in the figure. A plane mirror is also placed
on the surface of liquid. The distance of image (from mirror) of coin in mirror as seen from
medium A of refractive index 1.2 by an observer just above the boundary of the two media is.

1 .2 A 3 cm

B 7 cm
1 .4 C o in

A) 18 cm B) 12 cm C) 9 cm D) none of these

5. A small rod ABC is put in water making an angle 6° with vertical. If it is viewed (paraxially)
from above, it will look like bent shaped ABC'. The angle of bending 
 CBC'
will be in
 4 
 nw  
degree ..........  3 
A
6°

B
C '

A) 2° B) 3° C) 4° D) 4.5°

6. The wavelength of light in vacuum is 6000 Aº and in a medium it is 4000 Aº. The refractive
index of the medium is:
A) 2.4 B) 1.5 C) 1.2 D) 0.67

7. A ray of light passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index n. If the angle of
incidence is twice the angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is:
cos 1  n /2 sin1  n / 2  2cos 1  n /2  2sin1  n /2
A) B) C) D)

8. A ray of light is incident on a parallel slab of thickness t and refractive index n. If the angle of
incidence  is small, then the displacement in the incident and emergent ray will be:
 OPTIC283
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t  n  1 t tn
A) n B) n C) n  1 D) none

9. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at grazing incidence on a slab with variable
1/2
n  y   k y 3/2  1 3/2
refractive index, where k  1 m and follows path as shown in the
figure. What is the total deviation produced by slab when the ray comes out.

sin1  4 /9 
A) 60 B) 53 C) D) no deviation at all
10. A beam of light is converging towards a point. A plane parallel plate of glass of thickness t ,
refractive index  is introduced in the path of the beam as shown in the figure. The
convergent point is shifted by (assume near normal incidence):

 1  1  1  1
t 1   t 1   t 1   t 1  
A)    away B)    away C)    nearer D)    nearer

Given that, velocity of light in quart z  1.5  10 m /s and velocity of light in glycerine
8
11.
  9 / 4   108 m /s.
Now a slab made of quartz is placed in glycerine as shown. The shift of the
object produced by slab is

A) 6 cm B) 3.55 cm C) 9 cm D) 2 cm

12. An object is placed 30 cm (from the reflecting surface) in front of a block of glass 10 cm thick
having its farther side silvered. The final image is formed at 23.2 cm behind the silvered face.
The refractive index of glass is:
284 OPTICS

A) 1.41 B) 1.46 C) 200/ 132 D) 1.61

13. A beaker contains water up to a height h 1 and kerosene of height h2 above water so that the

total height of (water + kerosene) is (h 1+h2). Refractive index of water is 1 and that of

kerosene is 2 . The apparent shift in the position of the bottom of the beaker when viewed
from above is:
 1  1   1  1 
1   h1 – 1   h2 1 –  h1  1 –  h2
 1   2   1   2 
A) B)
 1  1  1  1 
1   h2 – 1   h1 1 –  h2  1 –  h1
 1   2   1   2 
C) D)

14. A ray R1 is incident on the plane surface of the glass slab (kept in air) of refractive index 2 at

angle of incident equal to the critical angle for this air glass system. The refracted ray R 2
undergoes partial reflection & refraction at the other surface. The angle between reflected ray
R 3 and the refracted ray R 4 at that surface is:

A) 45 B) 135 C)105 D) 75

15. A tiny air bubble in a glass slab (   1.5 ) appears from one side to be 6 cm from the glass
surface and from other side, 4 cm. The thickness of the glass slab is
A) 10 cm B) 6.67 cm C) 15 cm D) none of these

16. In the figure shown the angle made by the light ray with the normal in the medium of
refractive index 1 is:

A) 30° B) 60° C) 90° D) None of these

17. A plane glass slab is placed over various colored letters. The letter which appears to be raised
the least is
A) red B) yellow C) violet D) green
 OPTIC285
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18. A ray of light is incident upon an air/water interface (it passes from air into water) at an
angle of 45 . Which of the following quantities change as the light enters the water?
(I) wavelength (II) frequency
(III) speed of propagation (IV) direction of propagation
A) I, III only B) III, IV only C) I, II, IV only D) I, III, IV only

19. The figure shows the path of a ray of light as it passes through three different materials with
refractive indices n1,n2 and n3 . The figure is drawn to scale. The refractive indices of the
material satisfy relation

A) n3  n2  n1 B) n3  n1  n2 C) n2  n1  n3 D) n1  n3  n2
20. The critical angle for glass to air refraction is least for which colour?
A) orange B) blue C) violet D) red

21. A microscope is focused on a point object and then its objective is raised through a height of
2cm. If a glass slab of refractive index 1.5 is placed over this point object such that it is
focused again, the thickness of the glass slab is:
A) 6 cm B) 3 cm C) 2 cm D) 1.5 cm

22. A paraxial beam of light is converging towards a point P on the screen. A plane parallel sheet
of glass of thickness t and refractive index  is introduced in the path of beam. The
convergence point is shifted by:
A) 
t 1  1/  
away B) 
t 1  1/   t  1  1/   t  1  1/  
away C) nearer D) nearer

23. A flat glass slab of thickness 6 cm and index 1.5 is placed in front of a plane mirror. An
observer is standing behind the glass slab and looking at the mirror. The actual distance of
the observer from the mirror is 50 cm. The distance of his image from himself, as seen by the
observer is :
A) 94 cm B) 96 cm C) 98 cm D) 100 cm

sin i
24. In the figure shown sin r is equal to:

22 3 3 1
B) 1 C) 2
2
A) 3 1 D) none
286 OPTICS

25. A ray of light is incident at an angle of 75 into a medium having refractive index  . The
reflected and the refracted rays are found to suffer equal deviations in opposite direction 
equals
3 1 3 1 2 2
A) 3 1 B) 2 C) 3  1 D) None of these

26. A parallel sided block of glass of refractive index 1.5 which is 36 mm thick rests on the floor
of a tank which is filled with water (refractive index = 4/3). The difference between apparent
depth of floor at A & B when seen from vertically above is equal to

A) 2 mm B) 3 mm C) 4 mm D) none of these

27. A ray of light is incident on one face of a transparent slab of thickness 15 cm. The angle of
incidence is 60°. If the lateral displacement of the ray on emerging from the parallel plane is
5 3 cm, the refractive index of the material of the slab is
A) 1.414 B) 1.532 C) 1.732 D) none

28. The refractive index of air with respect to glass is 2/3. The refractive index of diamond with
respect to air is 12/5. Then the refractive index of glass will respect to diamond will be
A) 5/8 B) 8/9 C) 5/18 D) 18/5

29. An observer can see through a pinhole the top end of a thin rod of height h, placed as shown
in the figure. The beaker height is 3h and its radius h. When the beaker is filled with a liquid
up to a height 2h, he can see the lower end of the rod. Then the refractive index of the liquid
is:

5 5 3 3
A) 2 B) 2 C) 2 D) 2
 OPTIC287
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30. A ray of light traveling in water is incident on its surface open to air. The angle of incidence
is  , which is less than the critical angle. Then there will be:
A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray
B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray
C) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be less than 180
2
D) a reflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than
180  2 .

31. A light beam is traveling from Region I to Region IV (Refer Figure). The refractive index in
n0 n0 n
n0 ,
, and 0
Regions I, II, III and IV are 2 6 8 and respectively. The angle of incidence  for
which the beam just misses entering Region IV in Figure

3 1 1 1

sin1   sin1   sin1   sin1  
A)  4 B) 8 C) 4 D) 3

32. A ball is dropped from a height of 20 m above the surface of water in a lake. The refractive
index of water is 4/3. A fish inside the lake, in the line of fall of the ball, is looking at the
ball. At an instant. When the ball is 12.8 m above the water surface, the fish sees the speed

of ball as [Take g  10 m /s ]
2

A) 9 m/s B) 12 m/s C) 16 m/s D) 21.33 m/s

33. The x-z plane separates two media A and B with refractive indices 1 and 2 respectively. A ray
of light travels from A to B. Its directions in the two media are given by the unit vectors,
 
rA  a ˆi  b ˆj & rB   ˆi   ˆj respectively where ˆi & ˆj are unit vectors in the x and y directions.
Then
A) 1 a  2  B) 1   2a C) 1 b  2 D) 1   2 b

34. A ray of light from a denser medium strike a rarer medium. The angle of reflection is r and
that of refraction is r'. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90 with each other.
The critical angle will be:
sin1  tan r  tan1  sin r  sin1  tan r '  tan1  sin r ' 
A) B) C) D)
288 OPTICS

35. A bird is flying 3 m above the surface of water. If the bird is diving vertically down with speed
= 6 m/s, his apparent velocity as seen by a stationary fish underwater is:
A) 8 m/s B) 6 m/s C) 12 m/s D) 4 m/s

A ray of light moving along the unit vector 

i  2 j
36. undergoes refraction at an interface of
two media, which is the x-z plane. The refractive index for y > 0 is 2 while for y < 0, it is
5 /2. The unit vector along which the refracted ray moves is:

(3 ˆi  5 ˆj) (4 ˆi  3 ˆj) (3 ˆi  4 ˆj)

A) 34 B) 5 C) 5 D) None of these

37. An object is placed 20 cm in front of a 4 cm thick plane mirror. The image of the object finally
is formed at 45 cm from the object itself. The refractive index of the material of the
unpolished side of the mirror is (considering near normal incidence)
A) 1.5 B) 1.6 C) 1.4 D) none of these
38. An object O is placed at 8cm in front of a glass slab, whose one face is silvered as shown in
the figure. The thickness of the slab is 6cm. If the image formed 10cm behind the silvered
face, the refractive index of glass is

A)   1.8 B)   1.2 C)   1.5 D)   1.3

39. A vessel is quarter filled with a liquid of refractive index . The remaining parts of the vessel
is filled with an immiscible liquid of refractive index 3 /2. The apparent depth of the vessel
is 50% of the actual depth. The value of  is
A) 1 B) 3/2 C) 2/3 D) 4/3
 OPTIC289
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M-4

7
1. Refractive index of a prism is 3 and the angle of prism is 60º . The minimum angle of
incidence of a ray that will be transmitted through the prism is:
A) 30º B) 45º C) 15º D) 50º

2. If a prism having refractive index 2 , has angle of minimum deviation equal to the
angle of refraction of the prism, then the angle of refraction of the prism is:
A) 30º B) 45º C) 60º D) 90º

3. The angular dispersion produced by a small angle prism placed in air:

A) increases if the average refractive index of the prism increases
B) increases if the average refractive index decreases
C) remains constant whether the average refractive index increases or decreases
D) has no relation with average refractive index

4. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one refracting face of a prism of angle 75 . It
passes through the prism and is incident on the other face at the critical angle. If the

refractive index of the material of the prism is 2 , the angle of incidence on the first face of
the prism is
A) 30 B) 45 C) 60 D) 0

5. A prism having refractive index 2 and refracting angle 30 , has one of the refracting surfaces
polished. A beam of light incident on the other refracting surface will retrace its path if the
angle of incidence is:
A) 0 B) 30 C) 45 D) 60

6. A ray of light is incident at angle i on a surface of a prism of small angle A and emerges
normally from the opposite surface. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is ,
the angle of incidence i is nearly equal to:
A) A/  B) A/(2  ) C)  A D)  A/2

7. The maximum refractive index of a material, of a prism of apex angle 90º, for which light may
be transmitted is:

A) 3 B) 1.5 C) 2 D) None of these

8. For a prism of apex angle 45 , it is found that the angle of emergence is 45 for grazing
incidence. Calculate the refractive index of the prism.
290 OPTICS

A) 
2
B) 
3
D)  
1/2 1/2 1/2
5
C) 2
9. A light ray is incident perpendicularly to one face to a 90 prism and is totally internally
reflected at the glass-air interface. If the angle of reflection is 45 , we conclude that the
refractive index n is.

1 1
n n
A) 2 B) n  2 C) 2 D) n  2
2
.
10. A transparent solid cylindrical rod has a refractive index of 3 It is surrounded by air. A
light ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure.

The incident angle (  ) for which the light ray grazes along the wall of the rod is:
 3  2   1 
sin1   1
sin1   sin1   sin1  
A)  2  B)  3 C)  3 D)  2

11. A small source of light is 4m below the surface of a liquid of refractive index 5/3. In order to
cut off all the light coming out of liquid surface, minimum diameter of the disc placed on the
surface of liquid is:
A) 3m B) 4m C) 6m D) 

12. The critical angle of light going from medium A to medium B is  . The speed of light in
medium A is v. The speed of light in medium B is:
v
A) sin  B) v sin  C) v cot  D) v tan 

13. Two identical thin isosceles prisms of refracting angle ‘A’ and refractive index  are placed
with their bases touching each other. Two parallel rays of light are incident on this system as
shown. The distance of the point where the rays converge from the prism is:
 OPTIC291
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h h h h
A) A B) A C) (  1)A D) (  1)A
14. One of the refractive surfaces of a prism of angle 30° is silvered. A ray of light incident at an
angle of 60° retraces it path. The refractive index of the material of prism is:

A) 2 B) 3 C)3/2 D) 2

15. On an equilateral prism, it is observed that a ray strikes grazingly at one face and if refractive
index of the prism is 2 then the angle of deviation is
A) 60° B) 120° C) 30° D) 90°

A
cot
16. The refractive index of a prism is, 2 where A = angle of prism. The angle of minimum
deviation is (in degrees)
A) 2A B) 90 – A C) 180 – 2A D) 0

17. A ray of light strikes a plane mirror at an angle of incidence 45° as shown in the figure. After
reflection, the ray passes through a prism of refractive index 1.5, whose apex angle is 4°. The
angle through which the mirror should be rotated if the total deviation of the ray is to be 90°
is:

A) 1° clockwise B) 1° anticlockwise C) 2° clockwise D) 2° anticlockwise

18. The refracting angle of prism is 60° and the index of refraction is 1/2 relative to surrounding.
The limiting angle of incidence of a ray that will be transmitted through the prism is:
A) 30° B) 45° C) 15° D) 50°

19. An equilateral prism deviates a ray through 40° for two angles of incidence differing by 20°.
The possible angles of incidences are:
A) 40°, 60° B) 50°, 30° C) 45°, 55° D) 30°, 60°
3
20. A prism has a refractive index 2 and refracting angle 90°. Find the minimum deviation
produced by prism.
A) 40° B) 45° C) 30° D) 49°
292 OPTICS

21. A beam of white light is incident on hollow prism of glass as shown in figure. Then:

i(

A) the light emerging from prism gives no dispersion

B) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum but the bending of all colors is away from
base.
C) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colors bend towards base, the violet
the most and red the least.
D) the light emerging from prism gives spectrum, all the colors bend towards base, the violet
the least and red the most.

22. A certain prism is found to produce a minimum deviation of 38°. It produces a deviation of
44° when the angle of incidence is either 42° or 62°. What is the angle of incidence when it is
undergoing minimum deviation?
A) 45° B) 49° C) 40° D) 55°

23. Light ray is incident on a prism of angle A = 60° and refractive index   2 . The angle of
incidence at which the emergent ray grazes the surface is given by
 3 1  1  3   3  2 
sin1   sin1   sin1   sin1  
 2   2   2   3
A) B) C) D)

24. An equilateral prism is kept on a horizontal surface. A typical ray of light PQRS is shown in
the figure. For minimum deviation

A) the ray PQ must be horizontal B) the ray RS must be horizontal

C) the ray QR must be horizontal D) any one of them can be horizontal

25. Bottom face of the glass cube is silvered as shown. A ray of light incident on top face of the
cube as shown. Find the deviation of the ray when it comes out of the glass cube:
 OPTIC293
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A) 0 B) 90 C)180 D) 270

26. A ray of light travels from an optical denser medium to rarer medium. The critical angle for
the two media is C. The maximum possible deviation of the refracted light ray can be:

A)   C B) 2C C)   2C D) 2 – C

27. A cubical block of glass of refractive index n1 is in contact with the surface of water of
refractive index n2 . A beam of light is incident on vertical face of the block (see figure). After
refraction, a total internal reflection at the base and refraction at the opposite vertical face,
the ray emerges out at an angle  . The value of  is given by:

sin   n12  n22 tan   n12  n22

A) B)
1 1
sin   tan  
n12  n22 n12  n22
C) D)

28. A thin prism of angle 5° is placed at a distance of 10 cm from object. What is the distance of
the image from object? (Given  of prism = 1.5)
  5 
cm cm cm cm
A) 8 B) 12 C) 36 D) 7

29. A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue and is incident on a right angled prism. The
refractive index of the material of the prism for the above red, green and blue wavelengths are
1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will:

A) separate part of the red color from the green and blue colors.
B) separate part of the blue color from the red and green colors.
C) separate all the three colors from the other two colors.
D) not separate even partially any color from the other two colors.
294 OPTICS

30. A ray of light is incident normally on a prism of refractive index 1.5, as shown. The prism is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index '  '. The largest value of the angle ACB, so that the
ray is totally reflected at the face AC, is 30°. Then the value of  must be:

3 5 4 3 3
A) 2 B) 3 C) 3 D) 4

M-5

1. There is a small black dot at the centre C of a solid glass sphere of refractive index  . When
seen from outside, the dot will appear to be located:
A) away from C for all values of 
B) at C for all values of 
C) at C for   1.5, but away from C for   1.5
D) at C only for 2    1.5

2. The image for the converging beam after refraction through the curved surface (in the given
figure) is formed at:
n=1
n = 3 /2

O P x

30

R = 20cm
40 40 180
x cm x cm x cm
A) x  40 cm B) 3 C) 3 D) 7

3. In the given figure a Plano-concave lens is placed on a paper on which a flower is drawn. How
far above its actual position does the flower appear to be?

A) 10 cm B) 15 cm C) 50 cm D) none of these
 OPTIC295
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4. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air. A spherical boundary of radius of
curvature 1.0 m separates two media. AB is principal axis. The refractive index above AB is
1.6 and below AB is 2.0. The separation between the images formed due to refraction at
spherical surface is:

A) 12 m B) 20 m C) 14 m D) 10 m
5. A concave spherical surface of radius of curvature 10cm separates two medium x & y of
refractive index 4/3 & 3/2 respectively. If the object is placed along principal axis in medium
X then

A) image is always real

B) image is real if the object distance is greater than 90cm
C) image is always virtual
D) image is virtual if the object distance is less than 90cm

6. A fish is near the centre of a spherical water filled (  = 4/3) fish bowl. A child stands in air at
a distance 2R (R is the radius of curvature of the sphere) from the centre of the bowl. At what
distance from the centre would the child nose appear to the fish situated at the centre:
A) 4R B) 2R C) 3R D) 4R

7. A spherical surface of radius of curvature R separates air (refractive index 1.0) from glass
(refractive index 1.5). The centre of curvature is in the glass. A point object P placed in air is
found to have a real image Q in the glass. The line PQ cuts the surface at the point O, and
PO = OQ. The distance PO is equal to:
A) 5R B) 3 R C) 2 R D) 1.5 R

8. A spherical surface of radius of curvature 10 cm separates two media X and Y of refractive

indices 3/2 and 4/3 respectively. Centre of the spherical surface lies in denser medium. An
object is placed in medium X. For image to be real, the object distance must be
A) greater than 90 cm B) less than 90 cm.
C) greater than 80 cm D) less than 80 cm.

  1.5
9. A concave spherical refracting surface separates two media glass and air ( glass ). If the
image is to be real at what minimum distance u should the object be placed in glass if R is
the radius of curvature?
A) u > 3R B) u > 2R C) u < 2R D) u < R
296 OPTICS

10. A glass sphere of index 1.5 and radius 40 cm has half its hemispherical surface silvered. The
point where a parallel beam of light, coming along a diameter, will focus (or appear to) after
coming out of sphere, will be:

A) 10 cm to the left of centre B) 30 cm to the left of centre

C) 50 cm to the left of centre D) 60 cm to the left of centre
11. A paraxial beam is incident on a glass (n = 1.5) hemisphere of radius R = 6 cm in air as
shown. The distance of point of convergence F from the plane surface of hemisphere is

A) 12 cm ) 5.4 cm C) 18 cm D) 8 cm

12. A parallel beam of white light falls on a convex lens. Images of blue, red and green light are
formed on other side of the lens at distances x, y and z respectively from the pole of the lens.
Then:
A) x > y > z B) x > z > y C) y > z > x D) None

13. Which one of the following spherical lenses does not exhibit dispersion? The radii
of curvature of the surface of the lenses are as given in the diagrams.

A) B) C) D)
14. 
A ray of sunlight enters a spherical water droplet ( = 4/3) at an angle of incidence 53
measured with respect to the normal to the surface. It is reflected from the back surface of
the droplet and re-enters into air. The angle between the incoming and outgoing ray is [Take
sin 53  0.8 ]
A)15 B) 34 C)138 D) 30

15. A beam of diameter ‘d’ is incident on a glass hemisphere as shown. If the radius of curvature
of the hemisphere is very large in comparison to d, then the diameter of the beam at the base
of the hemisphere will be:

3 d 2
A) 4 d B) d C) 3 D) 3 d
 OPTIC297
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16. A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal surface and two thin uniform layers of different
transparent liquids (which do not mix or interact) are formed on the reflecting surface. The
refractive indices of the upper and lower liquids are 1 and 2 respectively. The bright point
source at a height ‘d’ (d is very large in comparison to the thickness of the film) above the
mirror coincides with its own final image. The radius of curvature of the reflecting surface
therefore is
1 d
A) 2 B) 1  2 d C) 1 d D) 2 d
17. Which of the following can form real image of a real object?
A) concave mirror B) convex mirror C) plane mirror D) diverging lens

Passage -I
The figure, shows a transparent sphere of radius R and refractive index  . An object O is
placed at a distance x from the pole of the first surface so that a real image is formed at the
pole of the exactly opposite surface.

18. If x  2R, then the value of  is

A) 1.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) none of these

19. If x   , then the value of  is

A) 1.5 B) 2 C) 3 D) none of these

20. If an object is placed at a distance R from the pole of first surface, then the real image is
formed at a distance R from the pole of the second surface. The refractive index  of the
sphere is given by
A) 1.5 B) 2 C) 2 D) none of these

21. In previous problem, if the refractive index of the sphere is varied, then the position x of the
object and its image from the respective poles will also vary. Identify the correct statement.
A) If the value of  increases the value of x decreases
B) If the value of  becomes equal to unity, then x tends to infinity
C) The value of  must not be less than 1
D) All the above

Passage-II
298 OPTICS

A curved surface of radius R separates two medium of refractive indices 1 and 2 as shown
in figures A and B

22. Choose the correct statement(s) related to the real image formed by the object O placed at a
distance x, as shown in figure A
A) Real image is always formed irrespective of the position of object if 2  1
B) Real image is formed only when x > R
1 and 2
C) Real image is formed due to the convex nature of the interface irrespective of
D) None of these

23. Choose the correct statement(s) related to the virtual image formed by object O placed at a
distance x, as shown in figure A
2  1
A) Virtual image is formed for any position of O if
B) Virtual image can be formed if x > R and 2  1
C) Virtual image is formed if x < R and 2  1
D) None of these

24. Identify the correct statement(s) related to the formation of images of a real object O placed at
x from the pole of the concave surface, as shown in figure B
A) If 2  1 , then virtual image is formed for any value of x
1R
x
B) If 2  1 , then virtual image is formed if 1  2

C) If 2  1 , then real image is formed for any value of x

D) none of these

25. A plastic hemisphere has a radius of curvature of 8cm and an index of refraction of 1.6. On
the axis halfway between the plane surface and the spherical one (4 cm from each) is a small
object O. The distance between the two images when viewed along the axis from the two sides
of the hemisphere is approximately.
 OPTIC299
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A) 1cm B) 1.5cm C) 3.75cm D) 2.5cm

26. A convexo - concave diverging lens is made of glass of refractive index 1.5 and focal length 24
cm. Radius of curvature for one surface is double that of the other. Then radii of curvature
for the two surfaces are (in cm):
A) 6, 12 B) 12, 24 C) 3, 6 D) 18, 36

27. Two symmetric double convex lenses A and B have same focal length, but the radii of

curvature differ so that, R A  0.9 R B . If nA  1.63, find nB .

A) 1.7 B) 1.6 C) 1.5 D) 4/3
28. A thin lens of focal length f and its aperture diameter d, forms a real image of intensity I. Now
the central part of the aperture upto diameter (d/2) is blocked by an opaque paper. The focal
length and image intensity would change to: %
A) f/2, I/2 B) f, I/4 C) 3f/4, I/2 D) f, 3I/4

29. An opaque sphere of radius a is just immersed in a transparent liquid as shown in figure. A
point source is placed on the vertical diameter of the sphere at a distance a/2 from the top of
the sphere. One ray originating from the point source after refraction from the air liquid
interface forms tangent to the sphere. The angle of refraction for that particular ray is 30 .
The refractive index of the liquid is

2 3 4 4
A) 3 B) 5 C) 5 D) 7

30. An opaque sphere of radius R lies on a horizontal plane. On the perpendicular through the
point of contact, there is a point source of light at a distance R above the sphere. The area of
the shadow on the plane is
300 OPTICS

A) R B) 2R C) 3R D) 4R

2 2 2 2

31. A parallel narrow beam of light is incident on the surface of a transparent hemisphere of
radius R and refractive index   1.5 as shown. The position of the image formed by
refraction at the spherical surface only is

R R
A) 2 B) 3R C) 3 D) 2R

32. A lens behaves as a converging lens in air and a diverging lens in water. The refractive index
of the material is (refractive index of water  1.33 )
A) equal to unity B) equal to 1.33
C) between unity and 1.33 D) greater than 1.33
33. An object is placed at a distance u from a converging lens and its real image is received on a
screen placed at a distance of v from the lens. If f is the focal length of the lens, then the
graph between 1/v versus 1/u is:
1 /v

A) 1 /u B) C) D)

34. A virtual erect image by a diverging lens is represented by (u, v, f are coordinates)

A) B) C) D)

35. A thin linear object of size 1 mm is kept along the principal axis of a convex lens of focal
length 10 cm. The object is at 15 cm from the lens. The length of the image is:
A) 1 mm B) 4 mm C) 2 mm D) 8 mm

36. A biconvex lens is used to project a slide on screen. The slide is 2 cm high and placed at 10
cm from the lens. The image is 18 cm high. What is the focal length of the lens?
A) 9 cm B) 18 cm C) 4.5 cm D) 20 cm
 OPTIC301
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37. The minimum distance between a real object and its real image formed by a thin converging
lens of focal length f is
A) 4f B) 2f C) f D) f/2

38. A biconvex lens of focal length 15 cm is in front of a plane mirror. The distance between the
lens and the mirror is 10 cm. A small object is kept at a distance of 30 cm from the lens. The
final image is
A) Virtual and at a distance of 16 cm from mirror
B) Real and at distance of 16 cm from the mirror
C) Virtual and at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror
D) Real and at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror

39. The focal length of a lens is greatest for which colour?

A) violet B) red C) yellow D) green

40. The power (in diopters) of an equiconvex lens with radii of curvature of 10 cm and
refractive index of 1.6 is:
A) –12 B) +12 C) +1.2 D) –1.2

M-6

1. A screen is placed 90 cm from a object. The image of an object on the screen is formed by a
convex lens at two different locations separated by 20 cm. The focal length of the lens is
A) 18 cm B) 21.4 cm C) 60 cm D) 85.6 cm

2. A bi-concave glass lens having refractive index 1.5 has both surfaces of same radius of
curvature R. On immersion in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a
A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
B) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R
D) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R

3. A student measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin at a distance |
u| from the lens and measuring the distance ‘v’ of the image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and
‘v’ plotted by the student should look like -
v (c m )
v (c m )

A) O u (c m ) B) O u (c m )
302 OPTICS
v (c m ) v (c m )

C) O u (c m ) D) O u (c m )

4. The correct conclusion that can be drawn from these figures is

A) 1   but   2 B) 1   but   2 C) 1   but   2 D) 1   but  2  

5. A diminished image of an object is to be obtained on a large screen 1 m from it. This can be
achieved by
A) using a convex mirror of focal length less than 0.25 m
B) using a concave mirror of focal length less than 0.25 m
C) using a convex lens of focal length less than 0.25 m
D) using a concave lens of focal length less than 0.25 m
6. What should be the value of distance d so that final image is formed on the object it self.
(focal lengths of the lenses are as given in the figure).

A) 10 cm B) 20 cm C) 5 cm D) none of these

7. In an optics experiment, with the position of the object fixed, a student varies the position of
a convex lens and for each position, the screen is adjusted to get a clear image of the object.
A graph between the object distance u and the image distance v, from the lens, is plotted
using the same scale for the two axes. A straight line passing through the origin and making
an angle of 45 with the x-axis meets the experimental curve at P. The coordinates of P will
be:
f f 
 , 
A)  2 2  B) (f, f) C) (4f, 4f) D) (2f, 2f)

8. When a lens of power P (in air) made of material of refractive index  is immersed in liquid of

refractive index 0 . Then the power of lens is:

 OPTIC303
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 1   0   0 P
P P .
A)   0 B)   1 C)   1 0 D) none of these

9. In the given figure an object ' O ' is kept in air in front of a thin Plano convex lens of radius of
curvature 10 cm. It's refractive index is 3/2 and the medium towards right of plane surface is
water of refractive index 4/3. What should be the distance ' x ' of the object so that the rays
become parallel finally.

A) 5 cm B) 10 cm C) 20 cm D) none of these

10. A point object O moves from the principal axis of a converging lens in a direction OP. I is the
image of O, will move initially in the direction

A) IQ B) IR C) IS D) IU
11. A bi-concave glass lens having refractive index 1.5 has both surfaces of same radius of
curvature R. On immersion in a medium of refractive index 1.75, it will behave as a
A) convergent lens of focal length 3.5R B) convergent lens of focal length 3.0 R
C) divergent lens of focal length 3.5 R D) divergent lens of focal length 3.0 R

12. A converging lens forms an image of an object on a screen. The image is real and twice the
size of the object. If the positions of the screen and the object are interchanged, leaving the
lens in the original position, the new image size on the screen is
A) twice the object size B) same as the object size
C) half the object size
D) can't say as it depends on the focal length of the lens.

13. When the object is at distances u1 and u2 the images formed by the same lens are real and
virtual respectively and of the same size. Then focal length of the lens is:
1 1
u1u2 (u1  u2 ) u1u2
A) 2 B) 2 C) D) 2 (u1+ u2)

14. The height of the image formed by a converging lens on a screen is 8cm. For the same
position of the object and screen again an image of size 12.5cm is formed on the screen by
shifting the lens. The height of the object:
304 OPTICS

A) 625/32cm B) 64/12.5cm C) 10cm D) none

15. Parallel beam of light is incident on a system of two convex lenses of focal lengths f 1=20 cm
and f2=10 cm. What should be the distance between the two lenses so that rays after
refraction from both the lenses pass un-deviated?

A) 60 cm B) 30 cm C) 90 cm D) 40 cm

16. A bi-concave symmetric lens made of glass has refractive index 1.5. It has both surfaces of
same radius of curvature R. On immersion in a liquid of refractive index 1.25, it will behave
as a
A) Converging lens of focal length 2.5 R B) Converging lens of focal length 2.0 R
C) Diverging lens of focal length 4.5 R D) None of these

17. A lateral object of height 0.5 cm is placed on the optical axis of bi-convex lens of focal length
80 cm, at an object distance = 60 cm. The image formed is:
A) virtual, erect and 4 cm high B) virtual, inverted and 2 cm high
C) virtual, erect and 2 cm high D) real, inverted and 2 cm high.

18. Two planoconvex lenses each of focal length 10 cm & refractive index 3/2 are placed as
shown. In the space left, water (R.I = 4/3) is filled. The whole arrangement is in air. The
optical power of the system is (in diopters):

A) 6.67 B) – 6.67 C) 33.3 D) 20

19. An object is moving towards a converging lens on its axis. The image is also found to be
moving towards the lens. Then, the object distance ‘u’ must satisfy
A) 2f < u < 4f B) f < u < 2f C) u > 4f D) u < f

20. Two point sources P and Q are 24 cm apart. Where should a convex lens of focal length 9 cm
be placed in between them so that the images of both sources are formed at the same place?
A) 3 cm from P B) 15 cm from Q C) 9 cm from Q D) 18 cm from P

21. If a concave lens is placed in path of converging rays real image will be produced if the
distance of the pole from the point of convergence of incident rays lies between
(f = magnitude of focal length of lens)
 OPTIC305
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A) 0 and f B) f and 2f C) 2f and infinity D) f and infinity

22. A point object is kept at the first focus of a convex lens. If the lens starts moving towards
right with a constant velocity, the image will

A) always move towards right

B) always move towards left
C) first move towards right & then towards left.
D) first move towards left & then towards right.

23. You are given two lenses, a converging lens with focal length +10 cm and a diverging lens
with focal length – 20 cm. Which of the following would produce a virtual image that is larger
than the object?
A) Placing the object 5cm from the converging lens.
B) Placing the object 15cm from the converging lens.
C) Placing the object 25cm from the converging lens.
D) Placing the object 15cm from the diverging lens.

24. A thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm forms an image 2 cm high, of an object at infinity. A
thin concave lens of focal length 20 cm is placed 26 cm from the convex lens on the side of
the image. The height of the image now is:
A) 1.0 cm B) 1.25 cm C) 2 cm D) 2.5 cm

25. A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal table, with its axis directed vertically upwards. Let
O be the pole of the mirror and C its centre of curvature. A point object is placed at C. It has
a real image, also located at C (a condition called auto-collimation). If the mirror is now filled
with water, the image will be:
A) real, and will remain at C
B) real, and located at a point between C and 
C) virtual, and located at a point between C and O.
D) real, and located at a point between C and O.

26. The diameter of the sun subtends an angle of 0.5 at the surface of the earth. A converging
lens of focal length 100 cm is used to provide an image of the sun on to a screen. The
diameter (in mm) of the image formed is nearly
A) 1 B) 3 C) 5 D) 9

27. A thin symmetrical double convex lens of power P is cut into three parts, as shown in the
figure. Power of A is:
306 OPTICS

P P
A) 2 P B) 2 C) 3 D) P

28. In the figure given below, there are two convex lens L1 and L 2 having focal length of f1 and f2
respectively. The distance between L1 and L 2 will be

L 1 L 2

A)
f1 B) f2 C) f1  f2 D) f1  f2

29. A symmetrical converging convex lens of focal length 10 cm & diverging concave symmetrical
lens of focal length-20 cm are cut from the middle and perpendicularly and symmetrically to
their principal axis. The parts thus obtained are arranged as shown in the figure. The focal
length of this arrangement will be:

A)  B) 20 cm C) 40 cm D) 80 cm

30. A point object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a thin Plano-convex lens of focal length
15 cm. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The image created by the system is at

A) 60 cm to the left of the system. B) 60 cm to the right of the system.

C) 12 cm to the left of the system. D) 12 cm to the right of the system.

31. A biconvex lens of focal length f forms a circular image of radius r of sun in focal plane. Then
which option is correct:

A) r  f
2
 OPTIC307
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B) r  f
2 2

C) If lower half part is covered by black sheet, then area of the image is equal to r /2
2

D) If f is doubled, intensity will increase

32. A bi-convex lens is formed with two thin Plano-convex lenses as shown in the figure.
Refractive index n of the first lens is 1.5 and that of the second lens is 1.2. Both the curved
surfaces are of the same radius of curvature R = 14 cm. For this bi-convex lens, for an object
distance of 40 cm, the image distance will be

A) –280.0 cm B) 40.0 cm C) 21.5 cm D) 13.3 cm

33. A planoconvex lens, when silvered at its plane surface is equivalent to a concave mirror of
focal length 28cm. When its curved surface is silvered and the plane surface not silvered, it is
equivalent to a concave mirror of focal length 10cm, then the refractive index of the material
of the lens is:
A) 9/14 B) 14/9 C) 17/9 D) none
34. A converging lens of focal length 20 cm and diameter 5 cm is cut along the line AB. The part
of the lens shown shaded in the diagram is now used to form an image of a point P placed 30
cm away from it on the line XY. Which is perpendicular to the plane of the lens. The image of
P will be formed.

A) 0.5 cm above XY B) 1 cm below XY

C) on XY D) 1.5 cm below XY

35. A object is placed at a distance of 15 cm from a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. On the
other side of the lens, a convex mirror is placed at its focus such that the image formed by
the combination coincides with the object itself. The focal length of the convex mirror is

A) 20 cm B) 10 cm C) 15 cm D) 30 cm
308 OPTICS

36. An object is placed in front of a thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm and a plane mirror is
placed 15 cm behind the lens. If the final image of the object coincides with the object, the
distance of the object from the lens is
A) 60 cm B) 30 cm C) 15 cm D) 25 cm

37. In the diagram shown, the lens is moving towards the object with a velocity V m/s and the
object is also moving towards the lens with the same speed. What speed of the image with
respect to earth when the object is at a distance 2f from the lens? (f is the focal length.)

A) 2V B) 4V C) 3V D) V

38. A thin lens with focal length f to be used as a magnifying glass. Which of the following
statements regarding the situation is true?
A) A converging lens may be used, and the object be placed at a distance greater than 2f from
the lens.
B) A diverging lens may be used, and the object be placed between f and 2f from the lens.
C) A converging lens may be used, and the object be placed at a distance less than f from the
lens.
D) A diverging lens may be used, and the object be placed at any point other than the focal
point.
39. Two point sources P and Q are 24cm apart. Where should a convex lens of focal length 9cm
be placed in between them so that the images of both sources are formed at the same place?
A) 3 cm from P B) 15cm from Q C) 9cm from Q D) 18cm from P

40. An object was placed upright 25cm in front of a converging lens with a focal length of 20cm.
A concave mirror with a focal length of 15cm was placed 120cm behind the lens. Which of
these describes the final image?
A) real, enlarged B) virtual, upright C) virtual, inverted D) inverted, diminished

41. If an object is placed at A (OA>f); Where f is the focal length of the lens the image is found to
be formed at B. A perpendicular is erected at o and C is chosen on it such that the angle
 BCA is a right angle. Then the value of f will be

A) AB/OC2 B) (AC)(BC)/OC C) OC2/AB D) (OC)(AB)/AC+BC

 OPTIC309
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42. An equiconvex lens made up of a material of refractive index 1.5 has focal length of 10 cm
when placed in air as shown in the figure. One side of the medium is replaced by another
medium of refractive index 1.3. If X and Y are the image distances when the object is placed
at a distance of 20cm from optical centre in the medium with refractive index 1 and 1.3
respectively, then

A) X  1.3Y B) X  1.3Y
C) X  1.3Y D) cannot be determined

43. An object of length 1cm is placed on the principal axis of an equiconvex lens of radius of
curvature 5cm. Distance between the lens and object is 20cm. Space between the lens and
object is filled with medium of two different refractive indices 2 and 1 as shown in the figure.
Refractive index is 1 on the left of the object and on the right side of the lens. Boundary of
both medium is midway between the object and lens.

A) The image will be formed at distance of 7.5 cm from the optical centre of lens
B) The image will be formed at distance of 10 cm from the optical centre of lens
C) The image will be formed at distance of 15.0 cm from the optical centre of lens
D) The a image will be formed at distance of 12.5 cm from the optical centre of lens

44. Focal length of a thin convex lens is 30cm. At a distance of 10cm from the lens there is a
plane refracting surface of refractive index 3/2. The parallel rays incident on lens converge

A) at a distance of 27.5cm from the lens

B) at a distance of 25cm from the lens
C) at a distance of 45cm from the lens
D) at a distance of 40cm from the lens
310 OPTICS

45. A light source is placed at a distance b from a screen. The power of the lens required to
obtain k-fold magnified image is
k 1 (k  1)2 kb kb
A) kb B) kb C) k  1 D)
(k  1)2

46. A converging lens forms an image of an object on a screen. The image is real and twice the
size of the object. If the positions of the screen and the object are interchanged, leaving the
lens in the original position, the new image size on the screen is
A) twice the object size B) same as the object size
C) half the object size D) can't say as it depends on the focal length of the lens.

47. The curvature radii of a concavo-convex glass lens are 20 cm and 60 cm. The convex surface
of the lens is silvered. With the lens horizontal, the concave surface is filled with water. The
focal length of the effective mirror is (  of glass  1.5,  of water  4 /3 )
A) 90/13 cm B) 80/13 cm C) 20/3 cm D) 45/8 cm

48. The diagram shows a silvered equiconvex lens. An object of length 1 cm has been placed in
the front of the lens. What will be the final image properties? The refractive index of the lens
is  and the refractive index of the medium in which the lens has been placed is 2 . Both the
surface have the radius R.

A) Half size, erect and virtual B) same size, erect and real
C) same size, erect and virtual D) none

49. In a converging lens of focal length f and the distance between real object and its real image

is 4f. If the object moves x1 distance towards lens its image moves x 2 distance away from the

lens and when object moves y1 distance away from the lens its image moves y 2 distance
towards the lens, then choose the correct option

A) x1  x 2 and y1  y 2 B) x1  x 2 and y1  y 2
C) x1  x 2 and y1  y 2 D) x1  x 2 and y 2  y1
 OPTIC311
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f1 and f2 are separated by a horizontal distance d (where
50. Two thin convex lens of focal lengths
d  f1,d  f2 ), and their centres are displaced by a vertical separation  as shown in the figure.
Taking the origin of coordinates, O at the centre of left lens, the x and y coordinates of the
focal point of this lens system, from a parallel beam of rays coming from the left, are given by

ff f1(f2  d) 2
x 12 y x y
A)
f1  f2 B)
f1  f2  d f1  f2
f f  d(f1  d) (f1  d) f f  d(f1  d)
x 12 y x 12 y0
C)
f1  f2  d f1  f2  d D)
f1  f2  d

M-7

1. Young’s double slit experiment is carried out by using green, red and blue light, one color at
time. The fringe widths recorded are G , R and B , respectively. Then
G   B   R B) B  G  R C) R  B  G D) R  G  B
A)

2. In the Young's double slit experiment using a monochromatic light of wavelength  , the path
difference (in terms of an integer n) corresponding to any point having half the peak intensity
is:
   
 2n  1  2n  1  2n  1  2n  1
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16

3. Using the expression 2d sin    , one calculates the values of d by measuring the
corresponding angles  in the range 0 to 90 . The wavelength  is exactly knowns and the
error in  is constant for all values of  . As  increases from 0 :
A) the absolute error in d remains constant.
B) the absolute error in d increases.
C) the fractional error in d remains constant.
D) the fractional error in d decreases.
312 OPTICS

4. Two slits are separated by 0.3 mm. A beam of 500 nm light strikes the slits producing an
interference pattern. The number of maxima observed in the angular range 30    30 .

A) 300 B) 150 C) 599 D) 149

5. In YDSE, the source placed symmetrically with respect to the slit is now moved parallel to the
plane of the slits so that it is closer to the upper slit, as shown. Then,

A) the fringe width will increase and fringe pattern will shift down.
B) the fringe width will remain same but fringe pattern will shift up.
C) the fringe width will decrease and fringe pattern will shift down.
D) the fringe width will remain same but fringe pattern will shift down.

6. In a Young's double slit experiment, green light is incident on the two slits. The interference
pattern is observed on a screen. Which of the following changes would cause the observed
fringes to be more closely spaced?

A) Reducing the separation between the slits

B) Using blue light instead of green light
C) Used red light instead of green light
D) Moving the light source further away from the slits.

7. In a double slit experiment, instead of taking slits of equal widths, one slit is made twice as
wide as the other. Then in the interference pattern:
A) the intensities of both the maxima and minima increase.
B) the intensity of the maxima increases and the minima has zero intensity.
C) the intensity of the maxima decreases and that of minima increases.
D) the intensity of the maxima decreases and the minima has zero intensity.
 OPTIC313
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8. In a YDSE, if the slits are of unequal width:
A) fringes will not be formed
B) the positions of minimum intensity will not be completely dark
C) bright fringe will not be formed at the centre of the screen.
D) distance between two consecutive bright fringes will not be equal to the distance between
two consecutive dark fringes.

9. If the ratio of the intensity of two coherent sources is 4 then the visibility
[(Imax   Imin ) / (Imax   Imin )] of the fringes is
A) 4 B) 4/5 C) 3/5 D) 9

10. The path difference between two interfering waves at a point on the screen is  /6 . The ratio
of intensity at this point and that at the central bright fringe will be: (Assume that intensity
due to each slit in same)
A) 0.853 B) 8.53 C) 0.75 D) 7.5

11. Figure, shows wave fronts in still water, moving in the direction of the arrow towards the
interface PQ between a shallow region and a deep (denser) region. Which of the lines shown
may represent one of the wave fronts in the deep region?

A) I B) II C) III D) IV

12. Two point monochromatic and coherent sources of light of wavelength l are placed on the
dotted line in front of an large screen. The source emit waves in phase with each other. The
distance between S1 and S2 is 'd' while their distance from the screen is much larger. Then,
(1)  If d  7 /2 , O will be a minima
(2)  If d  4.3 , there will be a total of 8 minima on y axis.
(3)  If d  7 , O will be a maxima.
(4)  If d   , there will be only one maxima on the screen.
Which is the set of correct statement:
314 OPTICS

A) 1, 2 & 3 B) 2, 3 & 4 C) 1, 2, 3 & 4 D) 1, 3 & 4

13. Figure shown plane waves refracted for air to water using Huygens’s principle a, b, c, d, e are
lengths on the diagram. The refractive index of water wrt air is the ratio.

A) a/e B) b/e C) b/d D) d/b

14. Two point source separated by d  5m emit light of wavelength   2 m in phase. A circular
wire of radius 20 m is placed around the source as shown in figure.

A) Point A and B are dark and points C and D are bright.

B) Points A and B are bright and point C and D are dark.
C) Points A and C are dark and points B and D are bright.
D) Points A and C are bright and points B and D are dark.

15. Two monochromatic (wavelength  a /5 ) and coherent sources of electromagnetic waves are
placed on the x-axis at the points (2a, 0) and (–a, 0). A detector moves in a circle of radius R
(>>2a) whose centre is at the origin. The number of maxima detected during one circular
revolution by the detector are
A) 60 B) 15 C) 64 D) None

 5a   5a 
 ,0  and   ,0 
16. Two coherent sources of light are placed at points  2   2  . Wavelength of the

4a

light is 3 . How many maximas will be obtained on a CD planar circle of large radius
with centre at origin?
A) 12 B) 15 C) 16 D) 14

17. In YDSE how many maximas can be obtained on the screen if wavelength of light used is
200nm and d  700nm :
 OPTIC315
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A) 12 B) 7 C) 18 D) none of these

18. In a YDSE, the central bright fringe can be identified:

A) as it has greater intensity than the other bright fringes.
B) as it is wider than the other bright fringes.
C) as it is narrower than the other bright fringes.
D) by using white light instead of single wavelength light.


19. In Young's double slit experiment, the wavelength of red light is 7800 A and that of blue light

is 5200 A . The value of n for which nth bright band due to red light coincides with
 n  1
th
bright band due to blue light, is:
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

20. In Young's double slit experiment, the two slits act as coherent sources of equal amplitude A
and wavelength  . In another experiment with the same setup the two slits are sources of
equal amplitude A and wavelength  but are incoherent. The ratio of the intensity of light at
the midpoint of the screen in the first case to that in the second case is
A) 1 : 1 B) 2 : 1 C) 4 : 1 D) none of these

21. In a Young's double slit experiment, a small detector measures an intensity of illumination of
I units at the centre of the fringe pattern. If one of the two (identical) slits is now covered, the
measured intensity will be
A) 2I B) I C) I/4 D) I/2

22. In a young double slit experiment D equals the distance of screen and d is the separation
between the slit. The distance of the nearest point to the central maximum where the
intensity is same as that due to a single slit, is equal to
D D D 2D 
A) d B) 2d C) 3 d D) d


A beam of light consisting of two wavelength 6300 A and  A is used to obtain interference

23.

fringes in a Young's double slit experiment. If 4 th bright fringe of 6300 A coincides with 5th
 
dark fringe of  A , the value of  (in A ) is
A) 5200 B) 4800 C) 6200 D) 5600

24. The ratio of the intensity at the centre of a bright fringe to the intensity at a point one–
quarter of the fringe width from the centre is
316 OPTICS

A) 2 B) 1/2 C) 4 D) 16

25. In YDSE, let S1 and S2 be the two slits, and C be the centre of the screen. If  is the angle
S1CS2 and  is the wavelength, the fringe width will be:
 2 
A)  B)  C)  D) 2

26. In a Young's Double slit experiment, first maxima is observed at a fixed point P on the
screen. Now the screen is continuously moved away from the plane of slits. The ratio of
intensity at point P to the intensity at point O (centre of the screen)

A) remains constant B) keeps on decreasing

C) first decreases and then increases D) First decreases and then becomes constant

27. In a double slit experiment, the separation between the slits is d  0.25cm and the distance

of the screen D = 100 cm from the slits. If the wavelength of light used is   6000 A and I0 is
the intensity of the central bright fringe, the intensity at a distance x = 4×10 –5 m from the
central maximum is
A) I0 B) I0 2 C) 3I0 4 D) I0 3
28. In young’s double slit experiment, the value of   500nm. The value of d  1mm, D  1m. Then
the minimum distance from central maximum for which the intensity is half the maximum
intensity will be
A) 2.5  10  m B) 2  10  m C) 1.25  10  m
–4 –4 –4 –4
D) 10  m

29. In the figure shown if a parallel beam of white light is incident on the plane of the slits then
the distance of the white spot on the screen from O is [Assume d  D,   d ]

A) 0 B) d/2 C) d/3 D) d/6

30. In the above question if the light incident is monochromatic and point O is a maxima, then
the wavelength of the light incident cannot be
2 2 2 2
A) d 3D B) d /6D C) d /12D D) d /18D
 OPTIC317
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31. Two monochromatic and coherent point sources of light are placed at a certain distance from
each other in the horizontal plane. The locus of all those points in the horizontal plane which
have construct interference will be
A) a hyperbola B) family of hyperbolas
C) family of straight lines D) family of parabolas

32. The wave front of a light beam is given by the equation x  2y  3z  c, (where c is arbitrary
constant) then the angle made by the direction of light with the y-axis is:
1 2 1 2
cos 1 cos 1 sin1 sin1
A) 14 B) 14 C) 14 D) 14

33. Three coherent point sources S1,S2 and S3 are placed on a line perpendicular to the screen as
shown in the figure. The wavelength of the light emitted by the sources is  . The distance

between adjacent sources is d  3. The distance of S2 from the screen is 

D    .
Find the
minimum (non -zero) distance x of a point P on the screen at which complete darkness is
obtained.

2 2D 17D 4 2D
A) 7 B) 8 C) 4 5D D) 7
34. Plane wavefronts are incident on a glass slab which has refractive index as a function of
  0  1  Z 2 / Z 20  ,
distance Z, according to the relation where 0 is the refractive index along
the axis and Z 0 is a constant. This glass slab can acts as lens of focal length F. By using the
concept of optical path length calculate the focal length of the slab. Consider t to be very
small as compared to F.
[Hint: Equate the OPL of ray (1) and ray (2)]

Z 20 /  20 t  Z 20 /  0 t  0 Z 20 /  2t 
A) B) C) D) None
318 OPTICS

35. A student is asked to measure the wavelength of monochromatic light. He sets up the
apparatus sketched below. S1,S2 ,S3 are narrow parallel slits, L is a sodium lamp and M is a
microscope eyepiece. The student fails to observe interference fringes. Your first advice to
him will be

A) increase the width of S1

B) decrease the distance between S2 and S3
C) replace L with a white light source
D) replace M with a telescope
E) make S2 and S3 wider.
 OPTIC319
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M-8

1. As shown in arrangement waves with identical wavelengths and amplitudes and that are
initially in phase travel through different media, Ray 1 travels through air and Ray 2 through
a transparent medium for equal length L, in four different situations. In each situation the
two rays reach a common point on the screen. The number of wavelengths in length L is N2
for Ray 2 and N1 for Ray 1. In the following table, values of N1 and N2 are given for all four
situations, The order of the situations according to the intensity of the light at the common
point in descending order is :

Situations 1 2 3 4
N1 2.25 1.8 3 3.25
N2 2.75 2.8 2.25 4

A) I3 =I4  >I2  >I1 B) I1>I3 =I4 >I2 C) I1>I2 >I3 >I4 D) I2 >I3 =I4 >I1

2. M1 and M2 are two plane mirrors which are kept parallel to each other as shown. There is a
point 'O' on perpendicular screen just infront of 'S'. What should be the wavelength of light
coming from monochromatic source 'S'. So that a maxima is formed at 'O' due to interference
of reflected light from both the mirrors. [Consider only 1st reflection].

3d2 3d2 d2 2d2

A) D B) 2D C) D D) D

3. A monochromatic light source of wavelength  is placed at S. Three slits S1,S2 and S3 are
equidistant from the source S and the point P on the screen.
S1P  S2P   /6 and S1P  S3P  2 /3. If I be the intensity at P when only one slit is open, the
intensity at P when all the three slits are open is

A) 3 I B) 5 I C) 8 I D) zero
320 OPTICS

4. A parallel beam of light 500nm is incident at an angle 30 with the normal to the slit plane
in a young's double slit experiment. The intensity due to each slit is I0 . Point O is equidistant
from S1 and S2 . The distance between slits is 1mm.

A) the intensity at O is 4 I0
B) the intensity at O is zero.
C) the intensity at a point on the screen 4mm from O is 4 I0
D) the intensity at a point on the screen 4mm from O is zero.

5. In a YDSE with two identical slits, when the upper slits is covered with a thin, perfectly
transparent sheet of mica, the intensity at the centre of screen reduces to 75% of the initial
value. Second minima is observed to be above this point and third maxima below it. Which of
the following can not be a possible value of phase difference caused by the mica sheet
 13 17 11
A) 3 B) 3 C) 3 D) 3


6. In a biprism experiment using sodium light   6000 A an interference pattern is obtained in
which 20 fringes occupy 2 cm. On replacing sodium light by another source of wavelength  2
without making any other change 30 fringes occupy 2.7 cm on the screen. What is the value
of  2 ?
   
A) 4500 A B) 5400 A C) 5600 A D) 4200 A

7. In the figure shown in a YDSE, a parallel beam of light is incident on the slits from a medium
of refractive index n1 . The wavelength of light in this medium is 1 . A transparent slab of
thickness' t' and refractive index n3 is put infront of one slit. The medium between the
screen and the plane of the slits is n2 . Find the phase difference between the light waves
reaching point ' O ' (symmetrical, relative to the slits)
 OPTIC321
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2 2 2 n1  n3  2 n1
 n3  n 2  t  n3  n2  t n  n
  1 t  n3  n 2  t
A) n11 B) 1 C) 2 1  2  D) 1

A Young’s double slit experiment is conducted in water  1  as shown in the figure, and a

8.
glass plate of thickness t and refractive index 2 is placed in the path of S2 . The magnitude
of the phase difference at O is: (Assume that ‘  ’ is the wavelength of light in air)

 2  2  1  2
 1 t  1 t 2 2

  

  
 2  1  t  2  1 t
A)  1 B)  2 C)  D) 

9. In the figure shown, a parallel beam of light is incident on the plane of the slits of a Young’s
double slit experiment. Light incident on the slit, S1 passes through a medium of variable
refractive index   1  ax (where ‘x’ is the distance from the plane of slits as shown), upto a
distance ‘  ’ before falling on S1 . Rest of the space is filled with air. If at ‘O’ a minima is
formed, then the minimum value of the positive constant a (in terms of  and wavelength
‘  ’ in air) is:

  2
2
A)  B)  C)  D) None of these

10. A ray of light is incident on a thin film. As shown in figure M, N are two reflected rays and
P,Q are two transmitted rays. Rays N and Q undergo a phase change of  . Correct order of
the refracting indices is:
M N
n

1

n 2

n 3

P Q
322 OPTICS

A) n2 >n3 >n1 B) n3 >n2 >n1 C) n3 >n1>n2

D) None of these, the specified changes cannot occur
11. From a medium of index of re-fraction n1 , monochromatic light of wavelength  is incident
normally on a thin film of uniform thickness L (where L  0.1 ) and index of refraction n2 .
The light transmitted by the film travels into a medium with refractive index n3 . The value of
minimum film thickness when maximum light is transmitted if ( n1 <n2 <n3 ) is:
n1 n1  
A) 2n2 B) 4n2 C) 4n 2 D) 2n 2

12. A long narrow horizontal slit lies 1 mm above a plane mirror. The interference pattern

produced by the slit and its image is viewed on a screen 

distant
1m from the slit. The
wavelength of light is 600 nm. Then the distance of the first maxima above the mirror is
equal to (d << D):

S
d
0
D 
A) 0.30 mm B) 0.15 mm C) 60 mm D) 7.5 mm

13. A parallel beam of light of wavelength  is incident on a plane mirror at an angle  as shown
in the figure. With maximum intensity at point P, which of the following relation is correct.

   
cos   sec   cos   cos   sin   cos  
A) 4 d B) 4d C) d D) 2d

14. Plane microwaves from a transmitter are directed normally towards a plane reflector. A
detector moves along the normal to the reflector. Between positions of 14 successive maxima,

the detector travels a distance 0.13 m. If the velocity of light is 3  10 m /s , find the
8

frequency of the transmitter.

A) 1.5  10 Hz
10 10
B) 10 Hz C) 3  10 Hz D) 6  10 Hz
10 10
 OPTIC323
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15. Two identical narrow slits S1 and S2 are illuminated by light of wavelength  from a point
source P. If, as shown in the diagram above the light is then allowed to fall on a screen, and if
n is a positive integer, the condition for destructive interference at Q is that

A)  1  2    2n  1  /2 B)  3  4    2n  1  /2
C)  1  2    2  4   n D)  1  3    2  4    2n  1  / 2

16. Light of wavelength  in air enters a medium of refractive index  . Two points in this
medium, lying along the path of this light, are at a distance x apart. The phase difference
between these points is:
2x 2x 2(  1)x 2 x
A)  B)   C)  D) (  1)

17. Young’s double slit experiment is carried with two thin sheets of thickness
10.4 m each and refractive index 1  1.52 and 2  1.40 covering the slits
S1 and S2 , respectively. If white light of range 400 nm to 780 nm is used then which
wavelength will form maxima exactly at point O, the centre of the screen?

A) 416 nm only B) 624 nm only

C) 416 nm and 624 nm only D) none of these

18. A light of wavelength 6300Å shine on a two narrow slits separated by a distance 1.0 mm and
illuminates a screen at a distance 1.5 m away. When one slit is covered by a thin glass of
refractive index 1.8 and other slit by a thin glass plate of refractive index  , the central
maxima shifts by 6°. Both plates have same thickness of 0.5 mm. The value of refractive
index  of the plate is
A) 1.6 B) 1.7 C) 1.5 D) 1.4
324 OPTICS

3

19. Minimum thickness of a mica sheet having 2 which should be placed in front of one of
the slits in YDSE is required to reduce the intensity at the centre of screen to half of
maximum intensity is
A)  / 4 B)  /8 C)  /2 D)  /3

20. The figure shows a transparent slab of length 1m placed in air whose refractive index in x
  1  x 2  0  x  1
direction varies as . The optical path length of ray R will be

2 4
m m
A) 1 m B) 3 C) 3 D) 2 m
21. A thin film of thickness t and index of refraction 1.33 coats a glass with index of refraction
1.50. What is the least thickness t that will strongly reflect light with wavelength 600 nm
incident normally?
A) 225 nm B) 300 nm C) 400 nm D) 450 nm

22. It is necessary to coat a glass lens with a non-reflecting layer. If the wavelength of the light in
the coating is  , the best choice is a layer of material having an index of refraction between
those of glass and air and a thickness of
  3
A) 4 B) 2 C) 8 D) 

23. Radio waves coming at   to vertical are received by a radar after reflection from a nearby
water surface & directly. What should be height of antenna from water surface so that it
records a maximum intensity. (wavelength =  ).

   
A) 2cos  B) 2sin  C) 4sin  D) 4 cos 

24. In a biprism experiment the distance of source from biprism is 1 m and the distance of
screen from biprism is 4 metres. The angle of refraction of biprism is 2  10 radians.  of
3

biprism is 1.5 and the wavelength of light used is 6000Å. How many fringes will be seen on
the screen?
A) 4 B) 5 C) 3 D) 6
 OPTIC325
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25. A parallel coherent beam of light falls on Fresnel biprism of refractive index  and angle  .
The fringe width on a screen at a distance D from biprism will be (wavelength =  )
 D D
A) 2(  1) B) 2(  1) C) 2(  1) D) none

26. A broad source of light (l = 680 nm) illuminates normally two glass plates 120 mm long that
touch at one end and are separated by a wire 0.034 mm in diameter at the other end. The
total number of bright fringes that appear over the 120 mm distance is:
in c i d e n t li g h t

t 0 .0 3 4 m m

120 m m
A) 50 B) 100 C) 200 D) 400
27. In a YDSE experiment, the two slits are covered with a transparent membrane of negligible
thickness which allows light to pass through it but does not allow water. A glass slab of
  g  1.5
thickness t  0.41 mm and refractive index is placed in front of one of the slits as
shown in the figure. The separation between the slits is d  0.30mm . The entire space to the
 w  4 /3 .
left of the slits is filled with water of refractive index
A coherent light of intensity l and absolute wavelength   5000A is being incident on the
o

0
slits making an angle 30 with horizontal. If screen is placed at a distance D = 1m from the
slits, the position of central maxima will be

A) 0.58 cm above the central line of slits

B) 0.58 cm below the central line of slits
C) 1.66 cm above the central line of slits
D) 1.66 cm below the central line of slits

28. The point S is monochromatic source of light emitting light of wavelength  . At the point P at
a distance x from the mirror as shown in the figure, interference takes place between two
light rays one directly coming from source S and another after reflection from the mirror
such that a maxima is formed. The minimum value of x is
326 OPTICS

A) 120 B) 125 C) 62.5 D) none of these

29. 
In a regular YDSE, when thin film of refractive index is placed in front of the upper slit
then it is observed that the intensity at the central point becomes half of the original
intensity. It is also observed that the initial 3 rd maxima is now below the central point and
the initial 4th minima is above the central point. Now, a film of refractive index 1 and
thickness same as the above film, is put in the front of the lower slit also. It is observed that
whole fringe pattern shifts by one fringe width. What is the value of 1 ?

A)  4  9 /12 B)  4  9  /13 C)  4  9  /11 D) None

30. In a YDSE experiment if a slab whose refractive index can be varied is placed in front of one
of the slits then the variation of resultant intensity at mid-point of screen with ‘  ’ will be best

represented by    1 . [Assume slits of equal width and there is no absorption by slab]

A) B) C) D)

31. In the YDSE shown the two slits are covered with thin sheets having thickness t & 2t and
refractive index 2 and  . Find the position (y) of central maxima

tD tD

A) zero B) d C) d D) None
32. A thin slice is cut out of a glass cylinder along a plane parallel to its axis. The slice is placed
on a flat glass plate with the curved surface downwards. Monochromatic light is incident
normally from the top. The observed interference fringes from this combination do not follow
one of the following statements.
A) the fringes are straight and parallel to the length of the piece.
B) the line of contact of the cylindrical glass piece and the glass plate appears dark.
C) the fringe spacing increases as we go outwards.
 OPTIC327
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D) the fringes are formed due to the interference of light rays reflected from the curved
surface of the cylindrical piece and the top surface of the glass plate.

33. A circular planar wire loop is dipped in a soap solution and after taking it out, held with its
plane vertical in air. Assuming thickness of film at the top very small, as sunlight falls on the
soap film, & observer receive reflected light
A) the top portion appears dark while the first colour to be observed as one moves down is
red.
B) the top portion appears violet while the first colour to be observed as one moves down is
indigo.
C) the top portion appears dark while the first colour to be observed as one move down is
violet.
D) the top portion appears dark while the first colour to be observed as one move down
depends on the refractive index of the soap solution.

34. To make the central fringe at the centre O, a mica sheet of refractive index 1.5 is introduced.
Choose the correct statements (s).

A) The thickness of sheet is 2( 2  1)d in front of S1 .

B) The thickness of sheet is ( 2  1)d in front of S2 .

C) The thickness of sheet is 2 2 d in front of S1 .

D) The thickness of sheet is (2 2  1)d in front of S1 .

35. A thin film of air between a plane glass plate and a convex lens is irradiated with a parallel
beam of monochromatic light and is observed under a microscope. You will see:
A) Uniform brightness
B) Complete darkness
C) Film crossed over by concentric bright and dark rings
D) Film crossed over by parallel bright and dark bands
328 OPTICS

LET US ADVANCE
A-1

SINGLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. A body of mass 100g is tied to one end of spring of constant 20 N/m. The distance between
pole of mirror and mean position of the body is 20cm. The focal length of convex mirror is
10cm. One of the amplitudes of vibration of the image is

A) 10cm B) 50cm C) 0.67cm D) 0.33cm

2. A point source of light ‘S’ at a distance d from the screen A produces light intensity I0 at the
centre of the screen. If a completely reflecting mirror M is placed at a distance d behind the
source as shown in the figure, find the intensity at the centre of the screen

9 10 8 9
I0 I0 I0 I0
A) 10 B) 9 C) 9 D) 8

3. The distance of a real object from the focus of a convex mirror of radius of curvature 'a' is 'b'.
Then the distance of the image from the focus is
b2 a a2
2
A) 4a B) b C) 4b D) none of these

4. An infinitely long rectangular strip is placed on the principal axis of a concave

mirror as shown in the figure . One end of the strip coincides with centre of
curvature as shown. The height of rectangular strip is very small in comparison
to focal length of the mirror. Then the shape of image of strip formed by concave
mirror is

F C
 OPTIC329
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A) Rectangle B) Trapezium C) Triangle D) Square
5. A concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm forms image of the sun. The diameter of the
sun subtends an angle 1º on the earth. Then the diameter of the image is (in cm):
A) 2 /9 B)  /9 C) 20 D)  /18

6. A point object is kept between a plane mirror and a concave mirror facing each other. The
distance between the mirrors is 22.5 cm. Plane mirror is placed perpendicular to principal
axis of concave mirror. The radius of curvature of the concave mirror is 20 cm. What should
be the distance of the object from the concave mirror so that after two successive reflections
the final image is formed on the object itself? (Consider first reflection from concave mirror)
A) 5 cm B) 15 cm C) 10 cm D) 7.5 cm

7. In the figure shown a thin parallel beam of light is incident on a plane mirror m1 at small

angle ‘  ’. m2 is a concave mirror of focal length ‘f’. After three successive reflections of this
beam the x and y coordinates of the image is

A) x  f  d, y  f  B) x  d  f, y  f 
C) x  f  d, y  f  D) x  d  f, y  f 

8. In the shown figure M1 and M2 are two concave mirrors of the same focal length 10 cm. AB
and CD are their principal axes respectively. A point object O is kept on the line AB at a

distance 15 cm from M1 . The distance between the mirrors is 20cm. Considering two

successive reflections first on M1 and then on M2 . The distance of final image from the line
AB is:

1 5cm
A 3cm
.
O
B
C D

M 1

M 2

A) 3 cm B) 1.5 cm C) 4.5 cm D) 1 cm
330 OPTICS

9. A light ray traveling in glass medium is incident on glass-air interface at an angle of

incidence  . The reflected (R) and transmitted (T) intensities, both as function of  , are
plotted. The correct sketch is

A) B)

C) D)

10. A ray of light is incident on a concave mirror. It is parallel to the principal axis and its height
from principal axis is equal to the focal length of the mirror. The ratio of the distance of point
B to the distance of the focus from the centre of curvature is (AB is the reflected ray)

2 3 2 1
A) 3 B) 2 C) 3 D) 2

2L  x 
Y sin   , 0  x  L.
11. A reflecting surface is represented by the equation   L  A ray travelling
horizontally becomes vertical after reflection. The coordinates of the point (s) where this ray is
incident is

L 2L  L 3L  3L 2 L   2L 3 L 
 ,   ,   ,   , 
4   3   4   3  
A)  B)  C)  D) 
 OPTIC331
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12. A point source of light is 60 cm from a screen and is kept at the focus of a concave mirror
which reflects light on the screen. The focal length of the mirror is 20 cm. The ratio of
average intensities of the illumination on the screen when the mirror is present and when the
mirror is removed is:
A) 36 : 1 B) 37 : 1 C) 49 : 1 D) 10:1

13. The origin of x and y coordinates is the pole of a concave mirror of focal length 20 cm. The x-
axis is the optical axis with x > 0 being the real side of mirror. A point object at the point (25
cm, 1 cm) is moving with a velocity 10 cm/s in positive x-direction. The velocity of the image
in cm/s is approximately
A) 80 i  8 j B)160 i  8 j C) 160 i  8 j D) 160 i  4 j

 x  a   y 2  a 2. A ray travelling in
2

14. A reflecting surface is represented by the equation

negative x - direction is directed towards y - axis after reflection from the surface point P.
Then the coordinates of point P are

A) (0.8a, 0.6 a) B) (1.6 a, 0.6 a) C) (a, 0) D) (1.7 a, .7 a)

MULTIPLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

15. A particle is moving towards a fixed convex mirror. The image also moves. If Vi = speed of

image and VO = speed of the object, then

V  VO if u  F V  VO if u  F
A) i B) i
V  VO if u  F V  VO if u  F
C) i D) i

16. An object AB is placed parallel and close to the optical axis between focus F and centre of
curvature C of a converging mirror of focal length f as shown in figure.

A B

C F

A) Image of A will be closer than that of B from the mirror.

B) Image of AB will be parallel to the optical axis.
C) Image of AB will be straight line inclined to the optical axis.
D) Image of AB will not be straight line.

17. A flat mirror M is arranged parallel to a wall W at a distance L from it as shown in the figure.
The light produced by a point source S kept on the wall is reflected by the mirror and
produces a light patch on the wall. The mirror moves with velocity v towards the wall.
332 OPTICS

A)The patch of light will move with the speed v on the wall.
B)The patch of light will not move on the wall.
C) As the mirror comes closer the patch of light will become larger and shift away from the
wall with speed larger than v.
D)The width of the light patch on the wall remains the same.

18. Two plane mirrors are inclined to each other with their reflecting faces making acute angle. A
light ray is incident on one plane mirror. The total deviation after two successive reflections
is:
A) independent of the initial angle of incidence
B) independent of the angle between the mirrors
C) dependent on the initial angle of incidence
D) dependent on the angle between the mirrors.

19. An object is kept on the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length 10 cm at a distance
of 10 cm from the pole. The object starts moving at a velocity 20 mm/sec towards the mirror
at angle 30 with the principal axis. What will be the speed of its image and direction with
the principal axis at that instant?
7 5 7
5 mm /sec  mm /sec
A) speed 4 B) speed 2
 2 
tan1  
C)  3  with the principal axis D) none of these

20. A man of height 170 cm wants to see his complete image in a plane mirror (while standing).
His eyes are at a height of 160 cm from the ground.
A) Minimum length of the mirror = 80 cm
B) Minimum length of the mirror = 85 cm.
C) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 80 cm.
D) Bottom of the mirror should be at a height 85 cm.

21. Two plane mirrors at an angle such that a ray incident on a mirror undergoes a total
deviation of 240 after two reflections.
A) the angle between the mirror is 60
B) the number of images formed by this system will be 5, if an object is placed symmetrically
between the mirrors.
C) the no. of images will be 5 if an object is kept unsymmetrically between the mirrors.
D) a ray will retrace its path after 2 successive reflections, if the angle of incidence on one
mirror is 60 .
 OPTIC333
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22. In the figure shown consider the first reflection at the plane mirror and second at the convex
mirror. AB is object.

A) the second image is real , inverted of 1/5th magnification

B) the second image is virtual and erect with magnification1/5
C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror
D) the second image moves away from the convex mirror.

COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage-I
A ball swings back and forth in front of a concave mirror. The motion of the ball is described

approximately by the equation x  f cos t, where f is the focal length of the mirror and x is
measured along the axis of mirror. The origin is taken at the centre of curvature of the
mirror.

23. The distance of the image of the swinging ball from the mirror can be represented as:
 2  cos t   2  cos t   2  cos t   2  cos t 
 f  f  f  f
A)  1  cos t  B)  1  cos t  C)  1  cos t  D)  1  cos t 

24. The point where the ball appear to coincide with its image is
f f f
x  x  x
A) 3 B) 3 C) 2 D) x  0
T
t
25. The lateral magnification of the image of the ball at time 2 , where T is time period of
oscillation, is
A) 1 B)-1 C)  D)2

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

334 OPTICS

26. For concave mirror of focal length 20 cm, match the following.

Column – I Column – II
Real Object Distance Nature of Image
10 cm Magnified, inverted and real
30 cm Equal size, inverted and real
40 cm Smaller, inverted and real
50 cm Magnified, erect and virtual

f
27. A particle (P) is dropped along the axis from a height 2 on a concave mirror of focal length ‘f
’ which is at rest. The acceleration due to gravity is g. At a given instant of time t, match the
following.

Column – I Column – II
Magnification f
3g
Velocity of image 3
3fg
4
The time at which velocity of image is maximum 4f 2 gt
 f+gt  2 2

Maximum velocity of image 2f

f+gt 2
2 f3
f 12g

28. Four particles are moving with different velocities in front of stationary plane mirror (lying in
   ˆ ˆ
y-z plane). At t = 0, velocity of A is v A  i , velocity of B is v B   i  3 j, velocity of C is
  
v C  5 ˆi  6 ˆj , velocity of D is vD  3 ˆi  ˆj . Acceleration of particle A is a A  2 ˆi  ˆj and acceleration
 ˆ
of particle C is a C  2 t j . The particle B and D move with uniform velocity (Assume no
collision to take place till t = 2 seconds). All quantities are in S.I. Units. Relative velocity of

VA, A
image of object A with respect to object A is denoted by . Velocity of images relative to
 OPTIC335
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corresponding objects are given in column I and their values are given in column II at t = 2
second. Match column I with corresponding values in column II.

Column I Column II

VA ', A 2 ˆi

V 6 ˆi
B ',B

VC ',C 12 ˆi  4 ˆj

VD',D 10 ˆi

29. Match the following:

An object O is kept perpendicular to the principal axis of a spherical mirror. Each situation
(A,B,C and D) gives object coordinate u in centimeters with sign, the type of mirror, and then
the distance (centimeters, without sign) between the focal point and the pole of the mirror.
On the right side information regarding the image is given. Correctly match the situations on
the left side with the images described on the right side.

Situation u Mirror Image

A –18 Concave, 12 (P) Real, Errect, Enlarged
B –12 Concave, 18 (Q) Virtual, Errect, Diminished
C –8 Convex, 10 (R ) Real Inverted, Enlarged
D –10 Convex, 8 (S) Virtual, Erect, Enlarged

1 1
vs
30. Match the graphs of v u where v is image distance and u is object distance for an object
which could be real or virtual, under the conditions given below:
Column -I Column –II
In concave mirror when object is real
or virtual and image is real
336 OPTICS

In concave mirror when object is real

and image is virtual

In convex mirror when object is real

or virtual and image is virtual

In convex mirror when object is

virtual and image is real

31. An extended object is moving in front of concave mirror as shown in figure. On L.H.S velocity
of object and position is given. On R.H.S some properties of image and its velocity is given.
Consider velocity along x-axis only.

Column –I Column –II

Object Image
+ve velocity and object is between +ve velocity
focus and centre of curvature
 ve velocity and object is between  ve velocity

focus and pole

 ve velocity and object is beyond Size of image is increasing
centre of curvature
 ve velocity and object is virtual Size of image is decreasing
INTEGER TYPE
 OPTIC337
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32. A block of mass ‘m’ is attached to a spring. Block is released from rest, when spring is in
natural length, Block is along the principal axis of concave mirror and size of block is very
small. When spring is in natural length then block is at a distance of 20 cm from the mirror,
distance (in cm) in which the image formed by mirror oscillates is (mass of the block
 5  102 kg, spring constant k  20 N / m. )

33. A light ray parallel to the x-axis strikes the outer reflecting surface of a sphere at a point (2,
2, 0). Its center is at the point (0, 0, 1 ). The unit vector along the direction of the reflected
yz
ˆ  yjˆ  zk
ˆ .
ray is xi Find the value of x 2
338 OPTICS

A-2

SINGLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. In the figure ABC is the cross section of a right angled prism and ACDE is the cross section
of a glass slab. The value of  so that light incident normally on the face AB does not cross

the face AC is
 given sin  3/5

–1
 =37º 

A)   37 B)   37 C)   53 D)   53

3
2. In the figure shown a slab of refractive index 2 is moved towards a stationary observer. A
point ‘O’ is observed by the observer with the help of paraxial rays through the slab. Both ‘O’
and observer lie in air. The velocity with which the image will move is

4
A) 2 m/s towards left B) 3 m/s towards left
C) 3 m/s towards left D) zero

3. How much water should be filled in a container of 21 cm in height, so that it appears half
filled (of total height of the container) when viewed from the top of the container?

(Assume near normal incidence and  w =4/3)

A) 8.0 cm B) 10.5 cm C) 12.0 cm D) 14.0 cm

4. If ray of light (GH) is incident on the glass-water interface DC at an angle 'i'. It emerges in air

along the water-air interface EF (see figure). If the refractive index of water  w is 4/3, the

g
refractive index of glass is:
 OPTIC339
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3 1 4sin i 4
A) 4sin i B) sin i C) 3 D) 3 sin i

5. A long rectangular slab of transparent medium is placed on a horizontal table with its length
parallel to the x-axis and width parallel to the y-axis as shown in the figure. A ray of light
travelling in air makes a normal incidence on the slab. The refractive index  of the medium
0
1   x r
varies as , where 0 and r (>d) are constants.

A) The incident ray travels in parabolically inside the slab.

B) The incident ray travels in hyperbolic path inside the slab.
C) The incident ray travels in circular path inside the slab.
D) The incident ray travels in elliptical path inside the slab.

6. The flat bottom of cylinder tank is silvered and water (   4 /3 ) is filled in the tank upto a
height h. A small bird is hovering at a height 3h from the bottom of the tank. When a small
hole is opened near the bottom of the tank, the water level falls at the rate of 1 cm/s. The
bird will perceive that his image's velocity is:
A) 0.5 cm/s upward B) 1 cm/s downwards
C) 0.5 cm/s downwards D) none of these

7. A vertical pencil of rays comes from bottom of a tank filled with a liquid. When it is
2
accelerated with an acceleration of 7.5 m /s , the ray is seen to be totally reflected by liquid
surface. What is minimum possible refractive index of liquid?
A) slightly greater than 4/3 B) slightly greater than 5/3
C) slightly greater than 1.5 D) slightly greater than 1.7

8. A beam of light has a small wavelength spread  about a central wavelength  . The beam
travels in vacuum until it enters a glass plate at an angle  relative to the normal to the plate,
340 OPTICS

as shown in figure. The index of refraction of the glass is given by n(  ). The angular spread
 ' of the refracted beam is given by

1 dn   
 '    '  
n d
A) B)
tan  ' dn    sin  
 '    ' 
n d sin  ' 
C) D)

9. A parallel beam of light is incident on the upper part of a prism of angle 1.8° and R.I. 3/2.
The light coming out of the prism falls on a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 cm. The
distance of the point (where the rays are focused after reflection from the mirror) from the
principal axis is:

A) 9 cm B) 0.157 cm C) 0.314 cm D) None of these

10. A beam of monochromatic light is incident at i =50° on one face of an equilateral prism, the
angle of emergence is 40°, then the angle of minimum deviation is :
A) 30° B) < 30° C)  30° D)  30°

11. A ray incident at an angle 53° on a prism emerges at an angle at 37° as shown. If the angle of
incidence is made 50°, which of the following is a possible value of the angle of emergence.

A) 35° B) 42° C) 40° D) 38°

12. The diagram shows five isosceles right angled prisms. A light ray incident at 90° at the first
face emerges at same angle with the normal from the last face. Which of the following
relations will hold regarding the refractive indices?
 OPTIC341
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A) 1  3  5  2   4 B) 1   3  5  1  2   4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

C) 1  3  5  2  2   4
2 2 2 2 2
D) none

13. A ray of light is incident normally on the first refracting face of the prism of refracting angle
A. The ray of light comes out at grazing emergence. If one half of the prism (shaded position)
is knocked off, the same ray will

1 
sin1  sec A /2 
A) emerge at an angle of emergence  2 
B) not emerge out of the prism
1 
sin1  sec A / 4 
C) emerge at an angle of emergence  2 
D) None of these

14. A ray of light in a liquid of refractive index 1.4, approaches the boundary surface between the
liquid and air at an angle of incidence whose sine is 0.8. Which of the following statements is
correct about the behaviour of the light
A) It is impossible to predict the behavior of the light ray on the basis of the information
supplied.
B) The sine of the angle of refraction of the emergent ray will less than 0.8.
C) The ray will be internally reflected
D) The sine of the angle of refraction of the emergent ray will be greater than 0.8.

0
15. A thin isosceles prism with angle 4 and refractive index 1.5 is placed inside a transparent
 5
 refractive index  
tube with water  4  as shown. The deviation of light due to prism will be

A) 0.8 upward B) 0.8 downward C) 0.67 upward D) 0.67 downward

342 OPTICS
 OPTIC343
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16. A medium bounded by the planes x  0, x  a, y  b, y  b, z  c and z  0 has refractive

index (x, z)  Az  Bx  2. A ray of light traveling along positive z-axis enters the medium at
3

1 
P  ,0  ,
point  B  then the optical path introduced by the medium (when the light ray emerges
out) will be
Ac 4 Ba 2
4
A) 4 B) 4Ac C) 2c D) 2

2

17. A system of coordinates is drawn in a medium whose refractive index varies 1  y2 ,

where 0  y  1 . A ray of light is incident at origin at an angle 60 with y  axis as

0
shown
in the figure. At point P ray becomes parallel to x-axis. The value of H is

1/2 1/2
 2    2 
  1   3   1   3   1
1/2 1/2
  
A)  3   B)  3  C) D)

18. A cylinder is filled with a liquid of refractive index  . The radius of the cylinder is decreasing
at a constant rate K. The volume of the liquid inside the container remains constant at V.
The observer and the object O are in a state of rest and at a distance L from each other. The
apparent velocity of the object as seen by the observer, (when radius of cylinder is r)

(1  )2KV (1   )2KV (1   )2K (1   )K

A) (r 3 ) B) (Lr )
2
C)  D) 2

19. The refractive index n of a medium within a certain region x  0, y  0 changes with y till it

aquires a value
nmax . After it aquires the value
nmax it remains constant. A light ray
344 OPTICS

traveling in air along the x-axis, strikes the medium at a grazing angle and moves through
the medium along a circular arc as shown in the figure. If angular deviation of the ray before
0
it starts moving on a straight line is 60 , then
nmax is

3
A) 2 B) 3 C) 2 D) 2

20. In the given figure ABC is a right angled isosceles prism kept in air. A ray of light is incident
on its normally as shown in figure. Refractive index of the prism is varying with time t as
  1  0.4t , here t is in seconds. The angular velocity of the emergent ray at time t = 1sec is

A) 1.2 rad/sec B) 1 rad/sec C) 2 rad/sec D) 1.5 rad/sec

MULTIPLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

21. A ray of monochromatic light is incident on the plane surface of separation between two
media x and y with angle of incidence ‘i’ in the medium x and angle of refraction ‘r’ in the
medium y. The graph shows the relation between sin r and sin i.

 3
1/2
A) the speed of light in the medium y is times than in medium x.

B) the speed of light in the medium y is 

1/3 
1/2
times than in medium x.
C) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in x.
D) the total internal reflection can take place when the incidence is in y.

nsurrounding  nprism
22. For refraction through a small angled prism, the angle of deviation ( )
A) increases with the increase in refractive index of the prism.
B) will be doubled if refractive index of the prism is doubled.
 OPTIC345
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C) is directly proportional to the angle of the prism.
D) will decrease with the increase in refractive index of the prism.
23. A ray OP of monochromatic light is incident on the face AB of prism ABCD near vertex B at

an incident angle of 60 (see figure). If the refractive index of the material of the prism is 3 ,
which of the following is (are) correct?

A) The ray gets totally internally reflected at face CD

B) The ray comes out through face AD
C) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 90
D) The angle between the incident ray and the emergent ray is 120

24. A ray of light is incident normally on one face of 30  60  90 prism of refractive index 5/3
immersed in water of refractive index 4/3 as shown in figure.
P
1
30°

2

A) The exit angle 2 of the ray is

sin 1
 5 /8 

B) The exit angle 2 of the ray is


sin1 5 / 4 3 
C) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to
5 2 3 by dissolving some substance.
D) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to
5/6 by dissolving some substance.

25. The figure shows a ray incident at an angle i   /3. If the plot drawn shown the variation of
1

ri
versus 2 k, (r = angle of refraction)
346 OPTICS

A) the value of k1 is 2/ 3 B) the value of 1   /6

C) the value of 2   /3 D) the value of k 2 is 1
26. For refraction through a small angled prism, the angel of deviation:
A) Increases with the increase in R.I. of prism.
B) will decrease with the increase in R.I. of prism.
C) is directly proportional to the angle of prism.
D) will be 2D for a ray of R.I.=2.4 if it is D for a ray of R.I.=1.2

27. For the refraction of light through a prism placed in air

A) For every angle of deviation there are two angles of incidence.
B) The light travelling inside an equilateral prism is necessarily parallel to the base when
prism is set for minimum deviation.
C) There are two angles of incidence for maximum deviation. (for A < 20°C)
D) Angle of minimum deviation will increase if refractive index of prism is increased keeping
the outside medium unchanged if P   S .

28. n number of identical equilateral prisms are kept in contact as shown in figure. If deviation
through a single prism is  . Then (n, m are integers)

A) if n=2m, deviation through n prism is zero.

B) if n=2m+1, deviation through system of n prisms is 
C) if n=2m, deviation through system of n prism is 
D) if n=2m+1 deviation through system of n prisms is zero

COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage-I
Most materials have the refractive index, n > 1. So, when a light ray from air enters a
sin 1 n2

naturally occurring material, then by Snell’s law, sin  2 n1 , it is understood that the
refracted ray bends towards the normal. But it never emerges on the same side of the normal
as the incident ray. According to electromagnetism, the refractive index of the medium is
c
n      rr
given by the relation,  where c is the speed of electromagnetic waves in
 OPTIC347
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vacuum, v its speed in the medium, r
 and  r are negative, one must choose the negative root

of n. Such negative refractive index materials can now be artificially prepared and are called
meta-materials. They exhibit significantly different optical behavior, without violating any
physical laws. Since n is negative, it results in a change in the direction of propagation of the
refracted light. However, similar to normal materials, the frequency of light remains
unchanged upon refraction even in meta-materials.
29. Choose the correct statement.
vcn
A) The speed of light in the meta-material is
c
v
n
B) The speed of light in the meta-material is
C) The speed of light in the meta-material is v = c.
D) The wavelength of the light in the meta-material  m  is given by m , where  air is
    air n
the wavelength of the light in air.

30. For light incident from air on a meta-material, the appropriate ray diagram is:

A) B)

C) D)

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

31. A white light ray is incident on a glass prism, and it create four refracted rays A, B, C and D.
Match the refracted rays with the colors given (1 & D are rays due to total internal
reflection.):

Column -I Column –II

Ray Colour
348 OPTICS

A red
B green
C yellow
D blue
32. Light rays are incident on devices which may cause either reflection or refraction or both. The
natures of the incident light and the devices are described in column A. Some possible
results of this on the rays are given in column II.
Column -I Column –II
A ray of white light is incident on one face of an equilateral glass Divergent beam
prism
A ray of white light is incident at an angle on a thick glass sheet Total internal
reflection
A ray of white light passes from an optically denser medium to Lateral shift
an optically rarer medium
A parallel beam of monochromatic light passes symmetrically Dispersion
through a glass lens.

33. Light is incident at surface PQ of prism as shown in column I then match the column I with
column II (surrounding medium is air in all cases)

Column –I Column –II

Total internal reflection takes place at
Surface QR.

Light emerges normally from the

surface QR.

Light emerges parallel to surface QR

When light ray passes through the

prism it is parallel to the base PR.
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34. A bird in air is diving vertically over a tank with speed 6cm/s. Base of the tank is silvered. A

fish in the tank is rising upward along the same line with speed 4cm/s. 
Take :  water  4 / 3

Column –I Column –II (in cm/s)

Speed of the image of fish as seen by 12
the bird directly
Speed of the image of fish formed after 4
reflection from the mirror as seen by
the bird
Speed of image of bird relative to the 9
fish looking upwards
Speed of image of bird relative to the 3
fish looking downwards in the mirror

INTEGER TYPE
35. A ray of light travelling in air is incident at angle of incident 30° on one surface of a slab in

which refractive index varies with y. The light travels along the curve y  4x (y and x are in
2

metre) in the slab. if the refractive index of the slab at y = 1/2 m in the slab is 15/x 0 . then x 0
is

A large glass slab 

  5 /3 
36. of thickness 8 cm is placed over a point source of light on a
plane surface. It is seen that light emerges out of the top surface of the slab from a circular
area of radius R cm. What is the value of R?
350 OPTICS

37. After all possible reflection and refractions the final image is located at a distance ‘x’ cm from
air –glass interface. Then value of 7x is

38. Figure shows the path of a light beam in an isosceles prism with apex angle   60 (inside
the prism beam is parallel to the base). Find the angle of deflection in degrees. The refractive
index of prism material is 1.732.

39. A vessel, whose bottom is flat and perfectly reflecting, is filled with water (index  4 /3 ) upto
a height  40 cm. A point object in air above is moving towards the water surface with a
constant speed  4m /s. What is the relative speed of its final image (in m/s), as seen by the
object itself, at a moment when the object is 30 cm above the water surface?
 OPTIC351
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A-3

MULTIPLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. The values of d1 & d2 for final rays to be parallel to the principal axis are: (focal lengths of
the lenses are written above the respective lenses in the given figure)

A) d1  10cm, d2  15cm B) d1  20cm, d 2  15cm

C) d1  30cm, d 2  15cm D) None of these

2. An object O is kept in front of a converging lens of focal length 30 cm behind which there is a
plane mirror at 15 cm from the lens as shown in the figure.

A) the final image is formed at 60 cm from the lens towards right of it

B) the final image is at 60 cm from lens towards left of it
C) the final image is real
D) the final image is virtual.

3. If a symmetrical biconcave thin lens is cut into two identical halves. They are placed in
different ways as shown:

A) three images will be formed in case (i)

B) two images will be formed in the case (i)
C) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 1
D) the ratio of focal lengths in (ii) & (iii) is 2

4. An equi-convex lens of refractive index n2 is placed such that the refractive index of the
surrounding media is as shown. Then the lens:
352 OPTICS

n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3

A) must be diverging if
B) must be converging if n2 is greater than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
C) may be diverging if n2 is less than the arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
n2 is equal to arithmetic mean of n1 and n3
D) will neither be diverging nor converging if

5. In the figure shown a point object O is placed in air on the principal axis. The radius of
curvature of the spherical surface is 60 cm. If is the final image formed after all the
refractions and reflections.

A) If d1  120cm, then the 'If ' is formed on 'O' for any value of d 2 .
B) If d1  240cm, then the 'If ' is formed on 'O' only if d2  360cm.
C) If d1  240cm, then the 'If ' is formed on 'O' for all values of d 2 .
D) If d1  240cm, then the 'If ' cannot be formed on 'O' .

6. A convex lens forms an image of an object on a screen. The height of the image is 9 cm. The
lens is now displaced until an image is again obtained on the screen. The height of this image
is 4 cm. The distance between the object and the screen is 90cm.
A) The distance between the two positions of the lens is 30cm.
B) The distance of the object from the lens in its first position is 36cm.
C) The height of the object is 6cm.
D) The focal length of the lens is 21.6 cm.

7. Which of the following quantities related to a lens depend on the wavelength of the incident
light?
A) Refractive index B) Focal length
C) Power D) Radii of curvature

8. An object O is kept in front of a converging lens of focal length 30cm behind which there is a
plane mirror at 15cm from the lens.
 OPTIC353
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A) the final image is formed at 60cm from the lens towards right of it
B) the final image is at 60cm from lens towards left of it.
C) the final image is real.
D) the final image is virtual.

9. The radius of curvature of the left and right surface of the concave lens are 10cm and 15cm
respectively. The radius of curvature of the mirror is 15cm.

A) equivalent focal length of the combination is -18cm.

B) equivalent focal length of the combination is +36cm.
C) the system behaves like a concave mirror.
D) the system behaves like a convex mirror.

10. A man wishing to get a picture of a Zebra photographed a white donkey after fitting a glass
with black streaks onto the objective of his camera.
A) the image will look like a white donkey on the photograph.
B) the image will look like a Zebra on the photograph.
C) the image will be more intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.
D) the image will be less intense compared to the case in which no such glass is used.

11. The concave and convex surfaces of the thin concave-convex lens of refractive index 1.5 have
radius of curvature 50 and 10cm respectively. The concave side is silvered and places on a
horizontal surface as shown

A) focal length of lens is 25cm

B) focal length of the combination (silvering) is 25cm
C) image of the object at 50cm will coincide with itself
D) image will not coincide in this type of silvered lenses.

(  3 /2)
12. A convex lens made of glass g has focal length f in air. The image of an object placed
in front of it is inverted real and magnified. Now the whole arrangement is immersed in
( w  4 /3) without changing the distance between object and lens. Then
water
354 OPTICS

A) the new focal length will become 4f

B) the new focal length will become f/4
C) new image will be virtual and magnified
D) new image will be real, inverted and smaller in size

L1,L 2 and L 3 having identical geometrical construction.

13. Consider three converging lenses
L and L 2 are 1 and 2 respectively where as the upper half of
The indices of refraction of 1
L   O
the lens 3 has a refractive index 1 and lower half has 2 . A point object O is imaged at 1 by
L1 and at O2 by the lens L 2 placed in same position. If L 3 is placed at the same
the lens
place.

O2 .
A) the only image will form away from
O1 and O2 .
B) the only image will form somewhere between
O1
C) there will be an image at
O2
D) there will be an image at
14. One fourth part of an equiconvex lens of focal length 100cm is removed as shown in the
figure. An object of height 1cm is placed in front of the lens. It is observed that all the
images are of equal height. Then

400
A) Object is at a distance of 3 cm from the lens.
B) The magnitude of magnification produced by upper and lower part is equal.
C) The number of images formed is two
D) The product of magnification of both the lenses is negative.

15. A thin equiconvex spherical glass lens (  3 / 2) of radius of curvature 30cm is placed on the
x-axis with its optical centre at x  40cm and principal axis coinciding with the x-axis. A
light ray given by the equation 39y   x  1 (x and y are in cm) is incident on the lens, in the
direction of positive x-axis. Then choose the correct alternative(s).
A) The equation of refracted ray is 39y  x  1
B) The equation of refracted ray is 130y  x  170
C) The equation of refracted ray if space on right side of the lens is filled with a liquid of
 OPTIC355
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refractive index 4/3 is 390y  x  350  0 .
D) The equation of refracted ray if space on right side of the lens is filled with a liquid of
refractive index 4/3 is 390y  x  350  0 .
COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage-I
CHROMATIC ABERRATION
The image of a white object in white light formed by a lens is usually colored and
blurred. This defect of image is called chromatic aberration and arises due to the fact that
focal length of a lens is different for different colors. As R.I.  of lens is maximum for violet
while minimum for red, violet is focused nearest to the lens while red farthest from it as
shown in figure.

As a result of this, in case of convergent lens if a screen is placed at FV centre of the

image will be violet and focused while sides are red and blurred. While at F R, reverse is the
case, i.e., centre will be red and focused while sides violet and blurred. The difference
between fV and fR is a measure of the longitudinal chromatic aberration (L.C.A), i.e.,
L.C.A.  fR  fV  df with df  f V  fR ............(1)

However, as for a single lens,

1 1 1 
 (  1)   
f  R1 R 2  ............(2)
df 1 1 
  2
 d   
f  R1 R 2  ...........(3)
Dividing Eqn. (3) by (2);
df d  d 
     
f (  1)  (  1) 
dispersive power ........(4)
And hence, from Eqns. (1) and (4),
L.C. A.  df  f
Now, as for a single lens neither f nor  can be zero, we cannot have a single lens free from
chromatic aberration.

Condition of Achromatism:
In case of two thin lenses in contact
356 OPTICS

1 1 1 dF df df
   2
  21  22
F f1 f2 i.e., F f1 f2

The combination will be free from chromatic aberration if dF  0

df1 df2
2
 2 0
i.e., f1 f2
which with the help of Eqn. (4) reduces to
1f1 2f2 1 2
2
 2 0  0
f1 f2 i.e., f1 f 2 ...........(5)
This condition is called condition of achromatism (for two thin lenses in contact) and the lens
combination which satisfies this condition is called achromatic lens, from this condition, i.e.,
from Eqn. (5) it is clear that in case of achromatic doublet:

(1) The two lenses must be of different materials.

1 1 1
1  2 ,  0  0 or F  
Since, if f1 f2 , i.e., F
i.e., combination will not behave as a lens, but as a plane glass plate.

(2) As 1
 and 2 are positive quantities, for equation (5) to hold, f1 and f2 must be of opposite
nature, i.e. if one of the lenses is converging the other must be diverging.
(3) If the achromatic combination is convergent,
f 
 C  C
fC  fD and as fD D , C  D
i.e., in a convergent achromatic doublet, convex lens has lesser focal length and dispersive
power than the divergent one.

16. Chromatic aberration in the formation of images by a lens arises because:

A) of non-paraxial rays.
B) the radii of curvature of the two sides are not same.
C) of the defect in grinding.
D) the focal length varies with wavelength.

17. Chromatic aberration of a lens can be corrected by:

A) providing different suitable curvatures of its two surfaces.
B) proper polishing of its two surfaces.
C) suitably combining it with another lens.
D) reducing its aperture.

18. A combination is made of two lenses of focal lengths

f and f  in contact; the dispersive

powers of the materials of the lenses are

 and  . The combination is achromatic when:

A)
  0 ,   20 , f   2f B)
  0 ,   20 , f   f /2
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C)
  0 ,   20 , f   f /2 D)
  0 ,   20 , f   2/ f

19. The dispersive power of crown and flint glasses are 0.02 and 0.04 respectively. An
achromatic converging lens of focal length 40 cm is made by keeping two lenses, one of
crown glass and the other of flint glass, in contact with each other. The focal lengths of the
two lenses are:
A) 20 cm and 40 cm B) 20 cm and –40 cm
C) –20cm and 40 cm D) 10 cm and –20cm
20. Chromatic aberration in a spherical concave mirror is proportional to:
A) f B) f2 C) 1/f D) None of these

Passage-II
The ciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and hence can alter the
effective focal length of the system. When the muscles are fully relaxed, the focal length is
maximum. When the muscles are strained the curvature of lens increases (that means radius
of curvature decreases) and focal length decreases. For a clear vision the image must be on
retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for clear vision and it equals the distance of
retina from eye-lens. It is about 2.5 cm for a grown-up person (Refer the figure below).

A person can theoretically have clear vision of objects situated at any large distance from the
eye. The smallest distance at which a person can clearly see is related to minimum possible
focal length. The ciliary muscles are most strained in this position. For an average grown-up
person minimum distance of object should be around 25 cm.

A person suffering for eye defects uses spectacles (eye glass). The function of lens of
spectacles is to form the image of the objects within the range in which person can see
clearly. The image of the spectacle-lens becomes object for eye-lens and whose image is
formed on retina.

The number of spectacle-lens used for the remedy of eye defect is decided by the power of the
lens required and the number of spectacle-lens is equal to the numerical value of the power
of lens with sign. For example power of lens required is +3D (converging lens of focal length
100
3 cm) then number of lens will be + 3.
358 OPTICS

For all the calculations required you can use the lens formula and lens maker's formula.
Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens. Neglect the distance between eye lens and the
spectacle lens.

21. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal person is

25 25
A) 25 cm B) 2.5 cm C) 9 cm D) 11 cm

22. Maximum focal length of eye lens of normal person is

25 25
A) 25 cm B) 2.5 cm C) 9 cm D) 11 cm
23. A nearsighted man can clearly see object only upto a distance of 100 cm and not beyond this.
The number of the spectacles lens necessary for the remedy of this defect will be.
A) +1 B) – 1 C) + 3 D) – 3

24. A farsighted man cannot see object clearly unless they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The
number of the spectacles lens that will make his range of clear vision equal to an average
grown up person
A) + 1 B) – 1 C) + 3 D) – 3

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

25. A small particle is placed at the pole of a concave mirror and then moved along the principal
axis to a large distance. During the motion, the distance between the pole of the mirror and
the image is measured. The procedure is then repeated with a convex mirror, a concave lens
and a convex lens. The graph is plotted between image distance versus object distance.
Match the curves shown in the graph with the mirror or lens that is corresponding to it.
(Curve 1 has two segments)

Lens/Mirror Curve
Converging lens
Converging Mirror
Diverging Lens
Diverging Mirror
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26. Consider the converging lens shown in figure:

A B
– +
F 1
O F 2

Here O is the optic center, F1 the first principal focus and F2 the second principal focus.
( A F1  F1O & OF2  F2B )

Object lies between (j) Image size is (p) Image lies between O
 & F1 magnified &B
Object lies between A (k) Image size is q) Image does not lie
and O diminished between O&B
Object lies between (l) Image is inverted (r) Image lies between
F1 &   & F2
Object does not lie (m) Image is erect (s) Image lies between
between A and O F2 & 

27. Column-I gives certain situations regarding a point object and its image formed by an optical
instrument. The possible optical instruments are diverging and converging mirrors or lenses
as given in Column-II. Same side of principal axis means both image and object should either
be above the principal axis or both should be below the principal axis as shown in figure.
Same side of optical instrument means both image and object should be either left of the
optical instrument or both should be on right of the optical instrument as shown in figure.
Match the statements in column-I with the corresponding statements in column-II.

Column I Column II
If point object and its image are on same side of principal Concave mirror
axis and opposite sides of the optical instrument then the
optical instrument is
If point object and its image are on opposite side of principal Convex mirror
axis and same sides of the optical instrument then the
optical instrument is
If point object and its image are on same side of principal Diverging lens
axis and same sides of the optical instrument then the
optical instrument is

If point object and its image are on opposite side of principal Converging lens
360 OPTICS

axis and opposite sides of the optical instrument then the

optical instrument is

28. An optical component and an object S placed along its optic axis are given in Column I. The
distance between the object and the component can be varied. The properties of images are
given in Column II. Match all the properties of images from Column II with the appropriate
components given in Column I.

Column I Column II
Real image

Virtual image

Magnified image

Image at infinity

29. Two transparent media of refractive indices 1 and 3 have a solid lens shaped transparent
material of refractive index 2 between them as shown in figures in column II. A ray
traversing these media is also shown in the figures. In Column I different relationships

between
1, 2 and 3 are given. Match them to the ray diagrams shown in Column II.

Column I Column II
1  2

1  2

 2  3
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 2  3

30. A spherical fish bowl of radius R is placed infront of a plane vertical mirror (M). The
thickness of the wall of the fish bowl is very thin. The centre (C) of the spherical bowl is at a
distance of 3R from the plane mirror. The bowl is filled with water and contains a fish (F).
Fish (F) is at a distance of R from the centre of the spherical bowl as shown in the figure.
4
Refractive index of water is 3 . Two surfaces are indicated in the bowl as first surface (1) and
second surface (2)

Column –I Column –II

Optical Event Nature of image
Refraction at first surface Virtual
Refraction at second surface after Real
reflection from mirror
Refraction at first surface after Magnified
reflection from mirror and refraction
from second surface.
Diminished

31. Consider the situation shown in column I a real object is moving towards a fixed optical
component or an optical component is moving towards a fixed object. Match the possible
direction and magnitude of velocity of image as shown in Column II. (All velocities in column

I are equal to v 0 )
362 OPTICS

Column –I Column –II

More than v 0

Less than v 0

Equal to v 0

32. Match the following

Column -I Column –II

Concave mirror, real object Real image
Convex mirror, real object Virtual image
Concave lens, real object Magnified image
Convex lens, real object Diminished image

33. Figure A shows a lens X and figure B shows another lens Y. In each case, a real object is kept
in front of the lens. The object is a linear extended object with its length perpendicular to the
optic axis of the lens. With regard to image formation by lenses, match Column – I with
Column –II:
 OPTIC363
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Column -I Column –II

In Figure A, Assume that refractive The lens shows divergent behaviour
index of lens relative to the surrounding
is greater than 1.
In Figure A, assume that refractive The lens shows convergent behaviour
index of lens relative to the surrounding
is less than 1.
In Figure B, assume that refractive The image formed cannot be real
index of lens relative to the surrounding
is more than 1.
In Figure B, assume that refractive The image formed cannot be virtual.
index of the lens relative to the
surrounding is less than 1.

34. Math the following:

Column -I Column –II
Object placed between optic center Image is inverted
and 1st principle focus in a diverging
lens
Object placed between optic centre Image is Erect
and 1st principle focus of a converging
lens
Object placed between optic center Image is of greater size than the object
and 2nd principle focus of a diverging
lens
Object placed between optic center Image is of smaller size than the
and 2nd principle focus of a converging object
lens

35. An object O (real) is placed at focus of an equi-biconvex lens as shown in figure. The
refractive index of lens is   1.5 and the radius of curvature of either surface of lens is R.
The lens is surrounded by air. In each statement of Column –I some changes are made to
situation given above and information regarding final image formed as a result is given in
Column-II. The distance between lens and object is unchanged in all statements of Column –
I. Match the statements in Column –I with resulting image in Column –II.
364 OPTICS

Column -I Column –II

If the refractive index of the lens is Final image is real
doubled (that is, made 2 ) then
If the radius of curvature is doubled Final image is virtual
(that is, made 2R) then
If a glass slab of refractive index   1.5 Final image becomes smaller in size
is introduced between the object and in comparison to size of image before
lens as shown, then the change was made

If the left side of lens is filled with a Final image is of same size of object.
medium of refractive index   1.5 as

INTEGER TYPE

36. The focal length of a thin biconvex lens is 20cm. When an object is moved from a distance of
25cm in front of it to 50cm, the magnification of its image changes from m25 to m50 . The ratio
m25
m50 is:

37. Image of an object approaching a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 m along its optical
25 50
m to m
axis is observed to move from 3 7 in 30 seconds. What is the speed of the object in
km per hour?

4 7

38. Water (with refractive index 3 ) in a tank is 18 cm deep. Oil of refractive index 4 lies on
water making a convex surface of radius of curvature ‘R = 6 cm’ as shown. Consider oil to act
as a thin lens. An object ‘S’ is placed 24 cm above water surface. The location of its image is
at ‘x’ cm above the bottom of the tank. Then ‘x’ is
 OPTIC365
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39. A beam of light parallel to the principal axis is focused on a screen with the help of lens,
forming a circular spot with a diameter of A. If we put a plane-parallel glass plate of
thickness h and refractive index n between the lens and the screen, the diameter of the
bright spot on the screen increases. The diameter of the lens is d and focal length F. Find the
new diameter in mm. (Take F  10cm, A  1cm, n  1.5, d  2cm, h  3cm. )

40. Along the main optical axis of a converging lens with focal length F=5cm two fireflies are
moving towards each other. They are on opposite sides of the lens. The speed of the fireflies is
the same V  2cm /sec. After what minimum time (in sec.) does the first firefly meet the
image of the second, if at the initial time they were at distances 20cm and 30cm from the
lens respectively? Round off to nearest integer.

41. A plane mirror is suspended vertically at the center of a large thin –walled spherical flask
filled with water. The diameter of the flask is 10 inches. An observer whose eye is 35 inches
from the mirror as shown in figure tries to see an image of his own eye. What is distance of
the image from the eye (in inches). The effect of the thin glass walls of the flask may be
4
 water 
neglected. Take 3.
366 OPTICS

A-4

MULTIPLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1. If the first minima in a Young’s slit experiment occurs directly in front of one of
the slits, (distance between slit & screen D = 12 cm and distance between slits
d = 5 cm) then the wavelength of the radiation used can be:
2 4
A) 2 cm B) 4 cm C) 3 cm D) 3 cm

S S
2. Consider the situation shown in the figure. Two slits 1 and 2 are placed symmetrically
about the line OP which is perpendicular to screen and bisector to line joining the slits.
3 . A plate of
The space between screen and slits is filled with a liquid of refractive index

thickness t and refractive index 2 is placed in front of one of the slit. A source S is placed
above OP at a distance d in front of slit. (Given that D = 1m, d = 2mm,
t  6  10 6 m., 2  1.2,  3  1.8, Choose the correct alternatives

A) Position of central maxima from point P is 2mm

B) Position of central maxima from P is 1mm
C) If slab is removed, the central maxima shifts by a distance of 2mm
D) If slab is removed, the central maxima shifts by a distance of 1mm.

3. In Young’s double slit experiment, the interference pattern is found to have intensity ratio
between the bright and dark fringes as 9. This implies that
A) the intensities at the screen due to the two slits are 5 units and 4 units respectively
B) the intensities at the screen due to the two slits are 4 units and 1 units respectively
C) the amplitude ratio is 3
D) the amplitude ratio is 2

4. The figure shows two points source which emit light of wavelength  in phase with each other
and are at a distance d = 5.5  apart along a line which is perpendicular to a large screen at
 OPTIC367
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a distance L from the centre of the source. Assume that d is much less than L. Which of the
following statement is (are) correct?

A) Only five bright fringes appear on the screen

B) Only six bright fringes appear on the screen
C) Point y  0 corresponds to bright fringe
D) Point y  0 corresponds to dark fringe.

5. In a YDSE apparatus, we use white light then:

A) the fringe next to the central will be red
B) the central fringe will be white.
C) the fringe next to the central will be violet
D) there will not be a completely dark fringe.

6. If one of the slits of a standard YDSE apparatus is covered by a thin parallel sided glass slab
so that it transmit only one half of the light intensity of the other, then :
A) the fringe pattern will get shifted towards the covered slit.
B) the fringe pattern will get shifted away from the covered slit.
C) the bright fringes will be less bright and the dark ones will be more bright.
D) the fringe width will remain unchanged.

7. In a Young's double slit experiment, the separation between the two slits is d and the
wavelength of the light is  . The intensity of light falling on slit 1 is four times the intensity of
light falling on slit 2. Choose the correct choice(s).

A) If d   , the screen will contain only one maximum

B) If   d  2 , at least one more maximum (besides the central maximum) will be
observed on the screen
C) If the intensity of light falling on slit 1 is reduced so that it becomes equal to that of slit
2, the intensities of the observed dark and bright fringes will increase
D) If the intensity of light falling on slit 2 is increased so that it becomes equal to that of slit
1, the intensities of the observed dark and bright fringes will increase

COMPREHENSION TYPE
Passage-I
Huygen was the first scientist who proposed the idea of wave theory of light. He said that the
light propagates in form of wavefronts. A wavefront is an imaginary surface at every point of
which waves are in the same phase. For example the wavefronts for a point source of light is
368 OPTICS

collection of concentric spheres which have centre at the origin, w1 is a wavefront, w 2 is

another wavefront.

The radius of the wavefront at time ‘t’ is ‘ct’ in this case where ‘c’ is the speed of light. The
direction of propagation of light is perpendicular to the surface of the wavefront. The
wavefronts are plane wavefronts in case of a parallel beam of light.

Huygen also said that every point of the wavefront acts as the source of secondary wavelets.
The tangent drawn to all secondary wavelets at a time is the new wavefront at that time. The
wavelets are to be considered only in the forward direction (i.e. the direction of propagation of
light) and not in the reverse direction. If a wavefront w1 at time t is given, then to draw the
wavefront at time t t take some points on the wavefront w1 and draw
spheres of radius ‘c  t’. They are called secondary wavelets.

Draw a surface w2 which is tangential to all these secondary wavelets. w 2 is the wavefront at

time ‘t  t’ .
Huygen proved the laws of reflection and laws of refraction using concept of wavefronts.

8. A point source of light is placed at origin, in air. The equation of wave front of the wave at
time t, emitted by source at t = 0, is (take refractive index of air as 1)
 OPTIC369
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2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
A) x+y+z=ct B) x +y +z =t C) xy+yz+zx=c2 t   D) x +y +z =c t  

9. Spherical wave fronts shown in figure, strike a plane mirror. Reflected wave fronts will be as
shown in

A) B) C) D)

10. Wavefronts incident on an interface between the media are shown in the figure. The refracted
wavefronts will be as shown in

A) (B) C) D)

Passage-II
The figure shows the interference pattern obtained in a double-slit experiment using light of
wavelength 600 nm. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 are marked on five fringes.
C E N T R A L B R IG H T F R IN G E

1 2 3 4 5
11. The third order bright fringe is
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5

12. Which fringe results from a phase difference of 4 between the light waves incidenting from
two slits?
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
370 OPTICS

13. Let X A and X C represent path differences between waves interfering at 1 and 3 respectively

then
 ΔX C  ΔX A  is equal to
A) 0 B) 300nm C) 600 nm D) 900nm.
Passage-III
In the front of the upper slit of YDSE apparatus, a thin film of a liquid of refractive index 1.40
is placed. It is a hot day and the liquid starts evaporating from the surface. A beam of light at
wavelength 560nm is incident onto the YDSE apparatus and the intensity I at the centre of
the screen is monitored. Figure gives intensity I as a function of time t. The intensity changes
because of evaporation from the two sides of the film. Assume that the film is flat and has
parallel sides. Also assume that the film’s thickness decreases at a constant rate.

14. What can be the initial thickness of the film?

A) 7m B) 4.9m C) 7.7m D) 9.1m

15. If the maximum intensity is I0 , then

I 3I0
t  10sec is 0 t  10sec is
A) Intensity at 2 B) Intensity at 4
I0 I0
t  5sec is t  5sec,
C) Intensity at 4 D) Intensity at 2 2

16. The rate of change of thickness can be

140 28 56
nm /sec nm /sec nm /sec
A) 3 B) 70 nm/sec C) 3 D) 3

Passage-IV
The figure shows surface XY separating two transparent media, medium–1 and medium–2.
The lines ab and cd represent wavefronts of a light wave travelling in medium–1 and incident
on XY. The lines ef and gh represent wavefronts of the light wave in medium–2 after
refraction.
 OPTIC371
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17. Light travels as a

A) parallel beam in each medium B) convergent beam in each medium
C) divergent beam in each medium
D) divergent beam in one medium and convergent beam in the other medium
18. The phases of the light wave at c,d,e and f are c , d , e and f respectively. It is given that
c   f :

A) c cannot be equal to d B) d can be equal to e

C)  d
  f  is equal to  c  e 
D)  d
  c  is not equal to  f  e 

19. Speed of light is

A) the same in medium–1 and medium–2 B) larger in medium–1 than in medium–2
C) larger in medium–2 than in medium–1 D) different at b and d

MATRIX MATCHING TYPE

20. A double slit interference pattern is produced on a screen, as shown in the figure,
using monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm. Point P is the location of the
central bright fringe, that is produced when light waves arrive in phase without
any path difference. A choice of three strips A, B and C of transparent materials
with different thicknesses and refractive indices is available, as shown in the
table. These are placed over one or both of the slits, singularly or in conjunction,
causing the interference pattern to be shifted across the screen from the original
pattern. In the column-I, how the strips have been placed, is mentioned whereas
in the column-II, order of the fringe at point P on the screen that will be produced
due to the placement of the strip(s), is shown. Correctly match both the column.

S lit I

P
S lit I I

S c re e n
372 OPTICS

Film A B C
Thickness
5 1.5 0.25
(in m)
Refractive Index 1.5 2.5 2

Column - I Column - II
A) Only strip B is placed over slit-I p) First Bright
B) Strip A is placed over slit- I and strip C is q) Fourth Dark
placed over slit-II
C) Strip A is placed over the slit- I and strip B r) Fifth Dark
and strip C are placed over the slit- II in
conjunction.
D) Strip A and strip C are placed over slit- I (in s) Central Bright
conjunction) and strip B is placed over slit- II.

21. A monochromatic parallel beam of light of wavelength  is incident normally on

the plane containing slits S1 and S2 . The slits are of unequal width such that
intensity only due to one slit on screen is four times that only due to the other
slit. The screen is placed perpendicular to x-axis as shown. The distance between
slits is d and that between screens and slit is D. Match the statements in column-
I with results in column-II.

Column - I Column - II
A) The distance between two points on screen p) D
having equal intensities, such that intensity 3d
1
at those points is 9 th of maximum intensity.
B) The distance between two points on screen q) D
having equal intensities, such that intensity d
3
at those points is 9 th of maximum intensity.
C) The distance between two points on screen r) 2D
having equal intensities, such that intensity d
5
at those points is 9 th of maximum intensity.
 OPTIC373
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D) The distance between two points on screen s) 2D
having equal intensities, such that intensity 3d
7
at those points is 9 th of maximum intensity.

22. Two coherent point sources of light having wavelength  are separated by a distance d. A
circle is drawn in space surrounding both the point sources as shown. The plane of circle
contains both the point sources. The distance d between both the sources is given in column-
I and the total number of corresponding points of maximum intensity and minimum intensity
on the periphery of the shown circle are given in column-II. Match each situation of
column-I with the results in column-II.

Column - I Column - II
A) d = 99.4  p) 398 points of maximum intensity
B) d = 99.6  q) 400 points of maximum intensity
C) d = 100  r) 396 points of minimum intensity
D) d = 100.4  s) 400 points of minimum intensity
t) 402 points of maximum intensity

23. Figure shows a set-up to perform Young’s double slit experiment. A monochromatic source of
light is placed at S. S1 and S2 act as coherent sources and interference patter is obtained on
the screen. Match Column-I with Column –II in regard to interference in Young’s double slit
experiment:

Column -I Column –II

A thin transparent plate is placed in Interference fringes disappear
374 OPTICS

front of S1 . Assuming negligible

absorption by the plate
S1 is closed There is uniform illumination on a large
part of the screen
A thin transparent plate is placed in The zero order fringe will not form at O

front of S2 .
S is removed and two real sources Central maxima is formed below O.
emitting light of same wavelength are

placed at S1 and S2 .

24. Match the following

Column -I Column –II

Young’s double slit experiment uses Incoherent sources
Sources of variable phase difference Coherent sources
A point on a wave front behaves as a Superposition principle
light source
Net displacement is the vector sum of Huygens principle
individual displacement

25. For the situation shown in the figure below, match the entries of Column –I with Column –II.

Column -I Column –II

1  2 Film 1 appears shiny from the reflected system
1  2 Film 1 appears dark from the reflected system
1  2 Film 1 appears shiny from the transmitted system
1  2 Film 1 appears dark from the transmitted system

S u  f 
26. Light from source falls on lens and screen is placed on the other side. The lens is
formed by cutting it along principal axis into two equal parts and are joined as indicated in
column II.
 OPTIC375
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Column –I Column –II

Plane of image moves towards screen
f
if is increased

Small portion of each part near pole is

removed. The remaining parts are
joined.
Images formed will be virtual

The two parts are separated slightly.

The gap is filled by opaque material.
Interference pattern can be obtained if
screen is suitably positioned.

The two parts are separated slightly.

The gap is filled by opaque material.

Small portion of each part near pole is

removed. The remaining parts are
joined.

27. In a typical Young's double slit experiment, S1 and S2 are identical slits and equidistant from
a point monochromatic source S of light having wavelength  . The distance between slits is
represented by d and that between slits and screen is represented by D. P is a fixed point on
Do
y
the screen at a distance 2d o from central order bright on the screen: where DO ,dO are
initial values of D and d respectively. In each statement of column-I some changes are made
to above mentioned situation. The distance between the slits and the source is very large.
The effect of corresponding changes is given in column-II. Match the statements in column-I
with resulting changes in column-II.
376 OPTICS

Column-I Column-II
The distance d between the slits is doubled fringe width increases.
keeping distance between slits and screen
fixed
The distance D between slit and screen is Magnitude of optical path
doubled by shifting screen to right difference between interfering
waves at P will decrease.

The width of slit S1 is decreased (such that Magnitude of optical path

difference between interfering
intensity of light due to slit S1 on screen waves at P will increase.
decreases) and the distance D between slit
and screen is doubled by shifting
screen to right
The whole setup is submerged in water of The intensity at P will increase
4
refractive index 3 . (neglecting absorption
in medium)

28. Column I shows four situations of standard Young’s double slit arrangement with the screen
placed far away from the slits S1 and S2 . In each of these cases
S1P0  S2P0 , S1P1 – S2P1   / 4 and S1P2  S2P2   /3 , where  is the wavelength of the light
used. In the cases B,C and D, a transparent sheet of refractive index  and thickness t is
pasted on slit S2. The thicknesses of the sheets are different in different cases. The phase
difference between the light waves reaching a point P on the screen from the two slits is
denoted by  (P) and the intensity by I(P). Match each situation given in Column-I with the
statement(s) in Column-II valid for that situation.

Column-I Column-II
 OPTIC377
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  P0   0

  P1   0

   1 t   / 4
I  P1   0

   1 t   /2
I  P0   I  P1 

   1 t  3 / 4
I  P2   I  P1 

INTEGER TYPE
29. An interference pattern is obtained by using a Fresnel’s biprism. If the fringe width is
4 mm when air is the surrounding medium, then find the fringe width(in mm.) if water is the
nglass =1.5 nwater =4/3 nair =1
surrounding medium. Keeping the same source. Assume , , .

30. In the figure shown S1 and S2 are two coherent sources emitting light of wavelength ‘  ’ and
having no initial phase difference. S1 and S2 oscillate simple harmonically with amplitude ‘a’
each and frequency ‘f’ each on the line PQ which is perpendicular to the x-axis. The initial
position and initial direction of motion of 'S1 'and 'S2 ' are shown in the figure. S1 and S2 are at
their mean position at t = 0 sec. if the y-coordinates of 3rd maxima at time
x D
‘t’.is 2a(2  sin t) then x is Assume that  << a and a << D.

31. A lens of diameter 5.0 cm and focal length f = 25.0 cm was cut along the diameter
into two identical halves. In the process, the layer of the lens a = 1.00 mm in
thickness was lost. Then the halves were put together to form a composite lens. In
it’s focal plane a narrow slit was placed, emitting monochromatic light with
wavelength   0.60m . Behind the lens a screen was located at a distance b = 50
cm from it. Find number of possible maxima.
378 OPTICS

32. Find the total number of fringes formed on screen in the Lloyd’s mirror arrangement shown.


33. In a modified YDSE the source S of wavelength 5000 A oscillates about axis of setup

y  0.5 sin   t,
according to the equation  6  where y is in millimeter and t in second. At what

time t will the intensity at P, a point exactly in front of slit S1, be maximum for the first time?

A thin film of plastic 

n  1.56 
34. is 0.25 m thick. It is sandwiched between two glass slabs
with refractive indices of 1.58 and 1.52, respectively. White light (400 – 700 nm) is first
incident normally on the slab for which n  1.58. Which visible wavelength (in nm) is missing
in the reflected light?

35. Visible light of variable wavelength is incident normally on a thin sheet of plastic in air. The
reflected light has a minima only for   512nm and   640nm in the visible spectrum. What
is the minimum thickness (in m ) of the film 
  1.28 
?

36. Visible light of variable wavelength is incident normally on a thin sheet of plastic in air. The
reflected light has a minima only for   512nm and   640nm in the visible spectrum. What
is the minimum thickness (in m ) of the film 
  1.28 
?

37. A very fine hair –like fiber is stuck between two microscope slides. As a result of this, there is
a wedge of air between them. When the slides are illuminated normally (from above) with
 OPTIC379
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light of wavelength 550nm, bright and dark interference bands are formed. The fiber is seen
to lie at the position of fifth dark band counting from the common edge. What is the diameter
(in nm) of the fiber?
380 OPTICS

Olympiad

REACH THE PEAK

R
1. A transparent sphere of radius R has a cavity of radius 2 as shown in figure. Find the
refractive index of the sphere if a parallel beam of light falling on left surface focuses at point
P.

2. A thin convex lens of focal length f  0.6 m is cut into two unequal parts L1 and L 2 . One part
is shifted along the cutting plane axis as shown in figure. A monochromatic line source S,
perpendicular to the plane of paper, emitting light of wavelength   600 nm, is placed on the
cutting plane axis. A screen with slits where the images of S is formed by these two pieces of
the lens separately is placed perpendicular to the optical axis from the source at 4.9 m. There
is an another screen placed at distance 0.6m normal to optical axis where fringes are
observed due to interference of the light passes through the holes. Find the position of
central maximum from P. [ Dotted line represent the principal axis of lens L1 ]

A stationary observer O looking at a fish F in water  w

  4 /3 
3. through a converging lens of
focal length 90.0cm. The lens is allowed to fall freely from a height 62.0cm with its axis
vertical. The fish and the observer are on the principal axis of the lens. The fish moves up
with constant velocity 100cm/s. Initially it was at a depth of 44.0 cm. Find the velocity (in
cm/s) with which the fish appears to move with respect to lens to the observer at t  0.2sec.
(take g  10 m /s )
2
 OPTIC381
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4. Two rays are incident on a spherical concave mirror of radius R  5cm parallel to its optical
axis at perpendicular distances 3 cm and 4cm respectively. Determine the value x if
distance between the points at which these rays intersect the optical axis after being reflected
x
cm.
from the mirror is 24

5. A convex lens of focal length 1.5m is placed in a system of coordinate axis such that its
optical centre is at origin and principal axis coinciding with the x-axis. An object and a plane
mirror are arranged on the principal axis as shown in figure. Find the value of d (in m ) so
that y-coordinate of image (after refraction and reflection) is 0.3m (Take tan   0.3 )

6. A point light source is moving with a constant velocity V inside a transparent thin spherical
shell of radius R, Which is filled with a transparent liquid. if at t  0 light source is at the
centre of the sphere, then at what time a thin dark ring will be visible for an observer outside
the sphere. The refractive index of liquid with respect to that of shell is 2.

7. In a Young’s double slit experiment two thin transparent sheets are used in front of the slits
S1 and S2 . One of thin sheet has refractive index 1  1.6 and other has 2  1.4 . If both
382 OPTICS

t1  t2
sheets have average thickness 2 the central maxima is observed at a distance of 5mm
from centre O. Now the sheets are replaced by two sheets of same material of refractive index
1  2
2 but having thickness t1 and t 2 . Now central maxima is observed at a distance 8 mm
from centre O. Find the thickness of two sheets. Given d  1mm, D  1m.


8. In a young’s double slit experiment a parallel beam containing wavelengths 1  4000 A and

 2  5600 A incident at an angle   30 on a diaphragm having narrow slits at a separation

d  2mm. The screen is place at a distance D  40 cm from slits. A mica slab of thickness
t  5 mm is placed in front of one of the slits and whole the apparatus is submerged in water.
If the central bright fringe is observed at C, which is equidistant from both the slits.
Calculate
(a) the refractive index of the slab.
(b) the distance of the first black line from C.

9. Bottom of glass beaker is made of a thin equi-convex lens having bottom side silver polished
as shown in the figure. Now the water is filled in the beaker upto a height of h  4m. The
 OPTIC383
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image of point object floating at middle point of beaker at the surface of water coincides with

it. Find out the value of radius of curvature of lens.

 a g  3 /2, a  w  4 /3  .

10. Find the angle between two flat mirrors positioned such that a beam of light incident on one
of the mirrors at an arbitrary angle with a plane that is perpendicular to the mirror surface
on reflection from both mirror surface it becomes parallel to incident beam but in opposite
direction.


11. A prism having angle A (which is very small) is placed in front of a point source S at a small
distance d. A screen is placed at a large distance D as shown in the figure. Find the fringe
width of interference pattern given that source is emitting light of wavelength  and
refractive index of prism is  .

12. A ray is incident normally on a right angle prism whose refractive index is 3 and prism
angle   30 , after crossing prism ray passes through glass sphere. It strikes the glass
R
sphere at 3 distance from principal axis, as shown in figure sphere is half polished. Find
the net angle of deviation of incident ray.
384 OPTICS

13. A thin equi-convex lens having radius of curvature 10 cm is placed as shown in figure.
Calculate focal length of lens, if parallel rays are incident as shown.

14. An equilateral prism ABC is placed in air with its base side BC lying horizontally along X-axis
as shown in the figure. A ray given by 3z  x  10 is incident at a point P on face AB of
prism.
(a) Find the value of  for which the ray grazes the face AC.
3
 .
(b) Find direction of the finally refracted ray if 2
(c) Find the equation of ray coming out of prism if bottom BC is silvered?

15. A plane mirror is placed at orgin in the y-z plane as shown in the figure. A particle A of mass
m is projected from origin with velocity v 0 at an angle  with the horizontal in the x-y plane
and another particle B with v 0 having (180  ) with the horizontal in + x-direction from the
point N in the same plane simultaneously.
(a) Find velocity of image of A w.r.t. image of B when B is at x  v 0 sin  cos  / 2g .
2

(b) If the collision is perfectly inelastic, find the velocity of the image of A just after collision
along x-axis.
 OPTIC385
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16. A thin convex lens having focal length 20 cm is cut into two parts 10 mm above the principle
axis. The lower portion is placed with optical centre at origin and upper portion at (90, 0) as

shown in the figure. A point object is placed at 

30,0  .
Find the co-ordinates of the final
image. Assuming paraxial ray approximation to remain valid.

17. An equi-convex lens of focal length 10cm and refractive index

 g  1.5 
is placed in a liquid
1
  t   1.0  t.
whose refractive index varies with time as 10 If the lens was placed in the liquid
at t  0 after what time lens will act as concave lens of focal length 20cm.

18. A thin convex lens of refractive index   1.5 is placed between a point source of light S and a
screen A, as shown in the figure. Light rays from the source S are brought to focus on the
 4
  
screen A, forming a point image P. The distance SP is equal to 50 cm. Water  3  is now
poured into a vessel interposed between the object and the lens, and it is observed that when
the water level is 8cm the screen has to be moved up by a distance of 6 cm in order to get a
sharp image. Find the focal length of the lens.

19. A ray of light is incident from a medium of refractive index 2 into vacuum. Find the range of
angle of incidence for which the deviation suffered by the ray has a unique value (i.e. the

same deviation does not occur for any other value of i)  0  i   /2
386 OPTICS

20. An object O is placed 30 cm away before a convex lens of focal length 10 cm. A concave

 45  X 
2

VC 
mirror starts moving towards right from point B and has a velocity 300 at any
point on the axis. Here X is the separation between the lens and the mirror.

(a) Find the velocity of the image (with respect to the ground) formed by the mirror.
(b) Also find the magnification of this image. Express your answer in terms of X.

21. A thin equi-convex glass lens

 g  1.5  is being placed on the top of a vessel of height
h  20cm as shown in the figure. A luminous point source is being placed at the bottom of
the vessel on the principal axis of the lens. When the air is on both the sides of the lens the
image of luminous source is formed at a distance of 20 cm from the lens outside the vessel.
When the air inside the vessel is being replaced by a liquid of refractive index  , the image of
the same source is being formed at a distance 30cm from the lens outside the vessel. Find
the  .

22. A point object is located at a distance of 100 cm from a screen. A lens of focal length 23 cm
mounted on movable frictionless stand is kept between the source and the screen. The stand
is kept between the source and the screen. The stand is attached to a spring of natural
length 50cm and spring constant 800 N/m as shown. Mass of the stand with lens is 2kg.
How much impulse P should be imparted to the stand so that a real image of the object is
formed on the screen after a fixed time gap. Also find this time gap. (Neglect width of the
stand)
 OPTIC387
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23. A long rectangular slab of transparent medium of thickness d is placed on table with length
parallel to x-axis and width parallel to the y-axis. A ray of light traveling along y-axis at

origin. The refractive index  of the medium varies as   1  e . The refractive index of the
x/d

air is 1.

(a) Determine the x-coordinate of the point A, where the ray intersect the upper surface of the
slab air boundary.
(b) Write down the refractive index of the medium at A.

24. In a Young double slit experiment, a source S1 of white light is kept at a distance h from the
central line such that at the central point O, green light is missing. When another
monochromatic green light source S2 is kept on central line it forms central maximum at O.

(a) Find the minimum distance, hmin of source from central line.
(b) If h  2 hmin , at what minimum distance from point O maximum intensity of green light
will appear. Assume intensity of the monochromatic source and that of green light in white

light source to be same.

 D  1m,d  1mm,   0.5 m,  green  500nm 
388 OPTICS

25. An observer whose least distance of distinct vision is 'd', views his own face in a convex
mirror of radius of curvature 'r'. Prove that magnification produced cannot exceed
r
d  d2  r2 .

26. Two identical convex lenses L1 and L 2 are placed at a distance of 20 cm from each other on
the common principal axis. The focal length of each lens is 15 cm and the lens L 2 is to the
right of lens A. A point object is placed at a distance of 20 cm on the left of lens L1 , on the
common axis of two lenses. Find, where a convex mirror of radius of curvature 5 cm should
be placed so that the final image coincides with the object?
27. A thin converging lens is arranged between a small illuminated object & a screen so that an
image of the object of linear magnification 3 is formed on a screen. The object and the screen
are then 64 cm apart. A thin biconcave lens is then placed between the converging lens & the
screen so that the lenses are coaxial & 6 cm apart. To restore a sharply focussed image on
the image screen the object was moved away from the converging lens through a distance of
14 cm. The biconcave lens has a surface of radii of curvature 14 cm & 21 cm. Calculate the
focal length of the biconcave lens. Also find the R. I. of the biconcave lens.

28. A surveyor on one bank of canal observed the image of the 4 inch and 17 ft marks on a
vertical staff, which is partially immersed in the water and held against the bank directly
opposite to him, coincides. If the 17ft mark and the surveyor’s eye are both 6ft above the
water level, estimate the width of the canal, assuming that the refractive index of the water is
4/3.

29. Two thin similar watch glass pieces are joined together, front to front, with rear portion
silvered and the combination of glass pieces is placed at a distance a = 60 cm from a screen.
A small object is placed normal to the optical axis of the combination such that its two times
magnified image is formed on the screen. If air between the glass pieces is replaced by water
   4 /3 , calculate the distance through which the object must be displaced so that a sharp
image is again formed on the screen.

30. A concave mirror has the form of a hemisphere with a radius of R = 60 cm. A thin layer of an
unknown transparent liquid is poured into the mirror. The mirror-liquid system forms one
real image and another real image is formed by mirror alone, with the source in a certain
position. One of them coincides with the source and the other is at a distance of l  30 cm
from source. Find the possible value(s) refractive index  of the liquid.

31. A ray of light refracted through a sphere, whose material has refractive index  in such a way
that it passes through the extremities of two radii which make an angle  with each other.
Prove that if  is the deviation of the ray caused by its passage through the sphere
1 
cos (   )   cos
2 2
 OPTIC389
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32. Three right angled prisms of refractive indices 1, 2 and 3 are joined together so that the
faces of the middle prism in are in contact each with one of the outside prisms. If the ray
passes through the composite block un-deviated, show that 1  3  2  1.
2 2 2

33. Two rays are incident on a spherical mirror of radius of R = 5 cm parallel to its optical axis at
the distance h1  0.5cm and h2  3cm. Determine the distance x between the points at
which these rays intersect the optical axis after being reflected at the mirror.

34. A beam of light is incident vertically on a glass hemisphere of radius R lying with its plane
side on a table. The axis of the beam coincides with the vertical axis passing through the
centre of the base of the hemisphere and the radius r0 of the cross section of the beam is
smaller than R. Find the radius of the luminous spot formed on the table.

35. In the figure shown L is a converging lens of focal length 10cm and M is a concave mirror of
radius of curvature 20cm. A point object O is placed in front of the lens at a distance 15cm.
AB and CD are optical axes of the lens and mirror respectively. Find the distance of the final
image formed by this system from the optical centre of the lens. The distance between CD &
AB is 1 cm.

36. The figure illustrates an aligned system consisting of three thin lenses. The system is located
in air. Determine:

(a) the position (relative to right most lens) of the point of convergence of a parallel ray
390 OPTICS

incoming from the left after passing through the system;

(b) The distance between the first lens and a point lying on the axis to the left of the system,
at which that point and its image are located symmetrically with respect to the lens system?

37. A circular disc of diameter d lies horizontally inside a metallic hemispherical bowl radius a.
The disc is just visible to an eye looking over the edge. The bowl is now filled with a liquid of
refractive index  . Now, the whole of the disc is just visible to the eye in the same position.
(2  1)
d  2a 2 .
Show that (  1)

38. A luminous point P is inside a circle. A ray enters from P and after two reflections by the
circle, return to P. If  be the angle of incidence, a the distance of P from the centre of the
circle and b the distance of the centre from the point where the ray in its course crosses the
a b
tan  
diameter through P, prove that ab .

39. A glass wedge with a small angle of refraction  is placed at a certain distance from a
convergent lens with a focal length f, one surface of the wedge being perpendicular to the
optical axis of the lens. A point sources S of light is on the other side of the lens at its focus.
The rays reflected from the wedge (not from base) produce, after refraction in the lens, two
images of the source displaced with respect to each other by d. Find the refractive index of
the wedge glass.

40. An opaque sphere of radius R lies on a horizontal plane. On the perpendicular through the
point of contact there is a point source of light a distance R above the sphere.

(a) Show that the area of the shadow on the plane is 3R .
2

(b) A transparent liquid of refractive index 3 is filled above the plane such that the sphere is
just covered with the liquid. Show that the area of shadow now becomes 2R .
2
 OPTIC391
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41. Two slits S1 & S2 on the x - axis & symmetric with respect to y-axis are illuminated by a
parallel monochromatic light beam of wavelength  . The distance between the slits is
d(>>  ). Point M is the midpoint of the line S1 S2 & this point is considered as the origin. The
slits are in horizontal plane. The interference pattern is observed on a horizontal plate (acting
as screen) of mass M, which is attached to one end of a vertical spring of spring constant K.
The other end of the spring is fixed to ground. At t  0 the plate is at a distance D(>>d) below
the plane of slits & the spring is in its natural length. The plate is left from rest from its
initial position. Find the x & y co-ordinates of the nth maxima on the plate as a function of
time. Assume that spring is light & plate always remains horizontal.

15 2
42. Two identical monochromatic light sources A and B intensity 10 W /m produce wavelength

of light 4000 3 A . A glass of thickness 3mm is placed in the path of the ray as shown in fig.
The glass has a variable refractive index n  1  x where x (in mm) is distance of plate from
left to right. Calculate resultant intensity at focal point F of the lens.

43. Two parallel beams of light P & Q (separation d) each containing radiations of wavelengths
4000 A & 5000 A (which are mutually coherent in each wavelength separately) are incident
normally on a prism as shown in figure. The refractive index of the prism as a function of
wavelength is given by the
b
     1.20  2
 , where  is in A & b is a positive constant. The value of b is such

relation,
that the condition for total reflection at the face AC is just satisfied for one wavelength & is
not satisfied for the other, find the value of b. A convergent lens is used to bring these
transmitted beams into focus. If the intensities of the upper & the lower beams immediately
after transmission from the face AC, are 4I & I respectively, find the resultant intensity at the
focus.
392 OPTICS
 OPTIC393
S
KEY

1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D
8. A 9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. C 14. B
15. D 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. A
22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. B 27. D 28. A
29. C 30. D 31. C 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C
36. D 37. D

M-2

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B
8. C 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. A 14. B
15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. A 21. B
22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. D 28. A
29. C 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. B
36. B 37. C 38. B 39. B 40. B

M-3

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C
8. A 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. C
15. C 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. A
22. A 23. B 24. B 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. A
29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. A 35. A
36. B 37. B 38. C 39. B
M-4

1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. C
8. D 9. B 10. C 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. B
15. B 16. C 17. B 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. A
22. B 23. A 24. C 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. C
29. A 30. D
M-5

1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A
8. A 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C
15. D 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. D
22. D 23. AB 24. AB 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. D
29. D 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. B
36. A 37. A 38. B 39. B 40. B
M-6
394 OPTICS

1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. D
8. B 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. C
15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. D 21. A
22. D 23. A 24. D 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. C
29. D 30. C 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. D 35. B
36. B 37. D 38. C 39. D 40. A 41. C 42. B
43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. C
50. C
M-7

1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. A
8. B 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. C 14. D
15. A 16. D 17. B 18. D 19. B 20. B 21. C
22. C 23. D 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. C
29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B

M-8

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. B 7. A
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. A
15. D 16. A 17. C 18. A 19. C 20. C 21. A
22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C
29. B 30. C 31. B 32. C 33. C 34. A 35. C
 OPTIC395
S
LET US ADVANCE
A-1
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. D
8. B 9. C 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D
15. AC 16. AC 17. BD 18. AD 19. BC 20. BC 21. ABCD
22. BC 23. C 24. D 25. C 26. A) – s, B) – p, C) – q, D) – r
27. A) – s, B) – r, C) – p, t D) – q 28. A) – s, B) – p, C) – s, D) – q
29. A) – r, B) – s, C) – q, D) – q 30. A) –p, q, B) –s, C) –p, q, D) – r
31. A) – q, r, B) – p, r, C) – p, s, D) – p, r 32. 10 33. 32
A-2

1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B
8. C 9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. C
15. B 16. A 17. A 18. A 19. A 20. C 21. BD
22. AC 23. AC 24. AC 25. BCD 26. AC 27. BCD 28. AB
29. B 30. C 31. A) p, B) r, C) q, D) s 32. A) –p, q, s, B) –p, q, s, C) –r, D) –p, q
33. A) –p, B) –q, C) –r, s 34. A) –r, B) –s, C) –p, D) –q 35. 10 36. 6
37. 10 38. 60 39. 8

A-3

1. ABC 2. BC 3. AC 4. ABD 5. AB 6. BCD 7. ABC

8. BC 9. AC 10. AD 11. ABC 12. AC 13. CD 14. ABCD
15. BC 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. D 21. D
22. B 23. B 24. C 25. A) p, B) p, C) q, D) q
26. A) l, s ; B) j, q ; C) m, r; D) k, p 27. A) p, q ; B) p, q ; C) r, s ; D) r, s
28. A) p,q,r,s; B) q; C) p,q,r,s; D) p,q,r,s 29. A) – p, r ; B) – q,s,t ; C) – p,r,t ; D) – q, s
30. A) –p,r; B) –q,r; C) –q,s 31. A) –p,t; B) –p,s; C) –q,r; D) –p,r
32. A) –p,q,r,s; B) –q,r; C) –q,s; D) –p,q,r,s. 33. A) –q; B) –p,r; C) –p,r; D) –q.
34. A) –q,s; B) –q,r; C) –q,s; D) –q,r. 35. A) –p,r; B) –q,r; C) –q,r; D) –q,r.
36. 6 37. 3 38. 2 39. 12mm 40. 6 41. 21

A-4

1. AC 2. AC 3. BD 4. AD 5. BCD 6. ACD 7. AB
8. D 9. C 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. B 14. BCD
15. BC 16. A 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. A) r, B) r, C) s, D) p
21. A) q,r,s B) p,q,r,s, t C) q,r,s D) p,q,r,s 22. A) p,r B) p,s C) q,s D) s,t
23. A) –r; B) –p,q; C) –r,s; D) –r,s. 24. A) –q,r; B) –p; C) –s; D) –r.
25. A) –q,r; B) –q,s; C) –p,s; D) –p,q,r,s. 26. A) –p,q; B) –p,q,r,s; C) –p
27. A) r,s B) p,q,s C) p,q,s D) r,s 28. A) p, s; B) q; C) t ; D) r, s, t
29. 12 30. 3 31. 13 32. 12 33. 1 34. 520nm 35. 1
36. 1 37. 1100
Olympiad

REACH THE PEAK

396 OPTICS

3 5

1. 2 2. 24.5 mm 3. 2475 cm/s 4. x  25 5. d  5m

R
6. 2V 7. t1  3.3  105 m , t2  1.7  10 5 m 8. 210m 9. R  5m

D 180
cm
10.    /2 11.    1 Ad 12. 180 13. 7

2

14. (a) 3 (b) The finally refracted ray parallel to z-axis (c) 3z  x  10

VA/B  2V0 cos ˆi

15. (a) , (b) velocity of image of ‘A’ along ‘x’ just after collision is zero.
 3 
 150cm,  30mm    / 4, 
16. 17. 10sec 18. 12cm 19. The range  8 

 45  x 
2
15
3
(a) 300 , (b) 45  x 21.    1.11 22. (a) 8 kg m/s, (b) 20 sec
20.

(a) x  2dn2 , (b)   5

4 4
23. 24. (a) 5  10 m , (b) 2.5  10 m

26. 5.9cm, 10.9cm 27. f  21cm,   1.4 28. 16 feet

29. 15cm towards the combination 30. 1.5 or

 5 1 
33. 5/8 = 0.625 cm
r0 r0
r  , if r0  R

34.
1   r0 R
2
 n 2
  r0 R 
2
   r0 R 
2 n

6 26 cm    50 /3  cm d /2f
35. 36. (a) 3.3 cm, (b) 39.
nD'
; Y  coordinate   D'
41. X - coordinate = d , Where D’ = D + Mg/K (1– cos  t)

42. 4  1015 W / m2 43. 8.0  105 A2 ,9 I

