TU - GABROVO

2019

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF GABROVO

INTERNATIONAL
SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE

PROCEEDINGS
VOLUME III

15 - 16 NOVEMBER 2019
GABROVO
The Conference is organized with the financial support of:

AMK DRIVE AND CONTROLS GMBH

ARCUS CO
DSK BANK JSC
EXTRAPACK LTD.
SMC INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION BULGARIA EOOD
IDEAL STANDARD - VIDIMA JSC
GWG GEWINDEWERKZEUGE GABROVO GMBH
STEMO LTD.
HAMBERGER BULGARIA GMBH
CERATIZIT BULGARIA AG

The papers have been reviewed

© TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF GABROVO, 2019

© UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE “V. APRILOV” – GABROVO, 2019
ISSN 1313-230X
ТЕХНИЧЕСКИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ - ГАБРОВО

МЕЖДУНАРОДНА НАУЧНА
КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ

СБОРНИК ДОКЛАДИ
ТОМ ІII

15 – 16 НОЕМВРИ 2019
ГАБРОВО
Конференцията се провежда с финансовата подкрепа на:

АМК ЗАДВИЖВАЩА И УПРАВЛЯВАЩА ТЕХНИКА ЕООД

АРКУС АД
БАНКА ДСК ЕАД
ЕКСТРАПАК ООД
ЕС ЕМ СИ ИНДАСТРИАЛ АУТОМЕЙШЪН БЪЛГАРИЯ ЕООД
ИДЕАЛ СТАНДАРТ – ВИДИМА АД
РЕЗБОНАРЕЗНИ ИНСТРУМЕНТИ ГАБРОВО ЕООД
СТЕМО ООД
ХАМБЕРГЕР БЪЛГАРИЯ ЕООД
ЦЕРАТИЦИТ БЪЛГАРИЯ АД

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ТЕХНИЧЕСКИ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ – ГАБРОВО

МЕЖДУНАРОДНА НАУЧНА КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ
УНИТЕХ’19
С Б О Р Н И К Д О К Л А Д И
ТОМ ІII
Формат: 70/100/16
Печатни коли: 27.19
Печат: Университетско издателство “Васил Априлов” – Габрово

ISSN 1313-230X
 CONTENS

PLENARY REPORT

INDUSTRY 4.0 AND THE CHALLENGES TO HIGHER EDUCATION

Prof. Georgi Todorov, D.Sc.
Technical University of Sofia

VOLUME III

INFLUENCE AND SPECIFICS OF IMPROVEMENT PROCESS IN MANAGEMENT

REVENUE ACCOUNTING OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES................................ 1
Ivan Nikolaev Sabev
Technical University of Gabrovо

DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF TIME LINES IN THE STUDY OF

ONLINE ENTREPRENEURSHIP .................................................................................................. 7
Antonia Lazarova
European Higher School of Economics and Management – Plovdiv

SELECTION OF CATEGORICAL STATISTICAL SIGNS

IN THE SURVEY CARDS.............................................................................................................. 12
Antonia Lazarova
European Higher School of Economics and Management – Plovdiv

ENTERPRENEURSHIP AND DIGITALIZATION OF SMALL AND

MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES ................................................................................................ 16
Tsvetelina Gankova – Ivanova
Technical University of Gabrovo

AREAS OF STATE REGULATION AND MARKET SUPPORT

OF LEASING SERVICES .............................................................................................................. 22
Demianchuk Marina¹, Rima Tamošiūnienė², Viktor Koval³, Sigitas Davidavičiusº
¹Odessa І.І. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
²Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
³Odessa Institute of Trade and Economics of Kyiv National University of Trade and
Economics, Ukraine
ºVilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania

STUDYING THE CONSUMPTION OF SOME BASIC FOODS .............................................. 29

Delyana Dimova
Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Faculty of Economics

ANALYZING THE EXPENDITURE ON TOURIST TRIPS

OF BULGARIAN CITIZENS......................................................................................................... 33
Delyana Dimova
Agricultural University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Faculty of Economics

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

THE IMPACT OF BODY LANGUAGE IN THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS............... 37
Jürgen Gemeinhardt
University of Applied Sciences - Schmalkalden, Germany

CRADLE-TO-CRADLE – CONCEPT FOR NON-WASTE PRODUCTS ................................ 43

Svetla Panayotova1, Jürgen Gemeinhardt2
1
Technical University – Gabrovo, Bulgaria
2
University of Applied Sciences – Schmalkalden, Germany
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF INCOME AND EXPENSE REPORTS AS AN INFORMATION
BASE FOR FINANCIAL RESULTS ANALYSIS OF THE ENTERPRISE ............................. 48
Ivan Nikolaev Sabev
Technical University of Gabrovо

ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT

ABOUT THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR IN THE MANAGEMENT

AND THE NEED TO OVERCOME THE CRISIS IN ITS ETHICAL-
VALUE SYSTEM ............................................................................................................................ 55
Neli Nikolova
Technical University of Gabrovo

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU AND THE REPUBLIC

OF BULGARIA DURING DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION .................................................... 61
Desislava Ivanova Petrova1, Beata Plamenova Vlahova¹
1
Technical University of Gabrovo

FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - DIGITAL ECONOMY AND

SKILLS OF THE FUTURE IN EUROPEAN UNION................................................................. 67
Desislava Ivanova Petrova
Technical University of Gabrovo

EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK - POLICIES AND THE IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY

IN THE EURO AREA AND THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA ............................................... 73
Hristo Ivanov Totev
1
Technical University of Gabrovo

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS FOR THE INNOVATION OF AN INTEGRATED

INFORMATION LOGISTICS SYSTEM ..................................................................................... 78
Veryana Boeva
Technical University of Gabrovo

REENGINEERING OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE DIGITAL

AGE OF INDUSTRY 4.0................................................................................................................. 84
Neli Nikolova
Technical University of Gabrovo

PLANNING OF PERSONNEL NEEDS AND SOURCES

FOR THEIR RECRUITMENT ...................................................................................................... 89
Tsanka Zlateva-Petkova
Technical University of Gabrovo

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

DEVELOPING A PROGRAM FOR CREATING A NEW PRODUCT ................................... 96
Tsanka Zlateva-Petkova
Technical University of Gabrovo

RESEARCH ON PSYCHOPHYSICAL TRAINING OF RIDER IN DISCIPLINE

ENDURANCE OF EQUESTRIAN SPORT ................................................................................ 103
Yuri Valev¹, Vasil Dimitrov², Ruzha Nedkova-Ivanova¹
¹National Sports Academy, Department of Technical and Ice Sports, Equestrian Sports
Sector
²National Sports Academy, Department of Faculty of Sports, Department of Management
and Sports History
Sector Management of Sport

ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN SOCIAL ASSISTANCE SYSTEM DURING

THE PERIOD 2009-2018 .............................................................................................................. 112
Lilyana Rusanova
Technical University of Gabrovo

UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENDER AS AN IMPORTANT PROBLEM

OF THE THEORY OF SOCIAL CONTRACT.......................................................................... 117
Usov Dmytro
Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes of the National
University of Civil Protection of Ukraine

TEACHING SOCIAL DSCIPLINES IN A TECHNICAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER

EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF CHERKASY INSTITUTE OF FIRE SAFETY
NAMED AFTER CHORNOBYL HEROES OF NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF CIVIL
DEFENCE OF UKRAINE) .......................................................................................................... 121
Chubina Tetiana, Horenko Lesia, Kosiak Svitlana
Cherkasy Institute of Fire Safety named after Chornobyl Heroes

MODEL FOR EVALUATION AND MEASUREMENT OF EFFICIENCY IN SOCIAL

SERVICES FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE ........................................................... 125
Plamen Kolev
Department of Social and Economic Sciences, Technical University – Gabrovo

ENERGY LITERACY AND BEHAVIOUR: AN APPROACH FROM THE PERSPECTIVE

OF THE EDEE POLICY .............................................................................................................. 129
Dragana Bjekić and Miroslav Bjekić
University of Kragujevac – Faculty of technical sciences, Čačak, Serbia

NATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTION OF SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT

DISEASES IN BULGARIA .......................................................................................................... 135
Ivanka Stoyanova - Todorova
Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria

APPLICATION OF SOLAR PANELS IN MODERN CIVIL ENGINEERING .................... 141

Nikola Cekić

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 University of Niš, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Niš, Republic of Serbia

METHODOLOGY FOR DETERMINING THE QUALITY OF LIFE - A BASIS FOR

THE ECESSARYMEDICO-SOCIAL CARES FOR ADULTS ................................................ 147
Petar Petrov¹, Yanka Markova²
¹Technical University of Gabrovo
²Medical University – Varna „Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov” Affiliate Veliko Tarnovo
PERSONNEL STATE OF THE MACHINE-BUILDING INDUSTRY
IN GABROVO REGION .............................................................................................................. 151
Anton Antonov
Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria

TELEMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF HEART RATE IN

WORKING CONDITIONS .......................................................................................................... 158
Verislav Stanchev, Nadezhda Todorova
National Center of Public Health and Analyses, Sofia, Bulgaria

SOCIAL-PEDAGOGICAL STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN ANXIETY

AND LOCATION OF CONTROL IN FAMILY TYPE PLACEMENT CENTER
OF CHILDREN AND YOUTH .................................................................................................... 163
Zhaneta Tsoneva
Technical University of Gabrovo

EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES

USING PROVERBS AND SAYINGS TO SUCCESSFULLY TRAIN DIFFERENT

ASPECTS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING ............................................................... 167
Nadezhda Slavova
Technical University of Gabrovo

THE WHOLE THRUTH ABOUT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FOCUSSING ON

SPEAKING WHEN LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE ................................................. 172
Nadezhda Slavova
Technical university of Gabrovo

VIRTUAL COMMUNITIES IN SOFTWARE TESTING LEARNING:

A CASE STUDY............................................................................................................................. 177
Olga Ristić¹, Stefan Šošić¹, Marjan Milošević¹, Sandra Milunović-Koprivica¹,
Petar Marić²
¹Faculty of Technical Science in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
²Faculty of Technical Science in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Serbia

M-LEARNING AT FACULTY OF TECHNICAL SCIENCES ČAČAK:

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY FROM A TECHNOLOGY
ACCEPTANCE PERSPECTIVE ................................................................................................. 183
Marjan Milošević, Olga Ristić, Maja Radović
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Čačak, Serbia

USING OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND SERIOUS GAMES IN EDUCATION ............... 189

Galya Georgieva-Tsaneva

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 Institute of Robotics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

POWER AND EFFICIENCY DETERMINATION OF PAT SYSTEM USING

LABORATORY SETUP ............................................................................................................... 193
Marko Šućurović1, Vojislav Vujičić1, Mihailo Bjekić2, Marko Rosić1, Miroslav Bjekić1
1
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak, Serbia
2
Institute Mihajlo Pupin, Belgrade, Serbia
NATURE, PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF INTERACTIVE TRAINING ...................... 199
Minka Miteva Yordanova
Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria

METHODOLOGY FOR EXAMINING THE NURSE’S EXPERTISE AND SKILLS

BY DEVISING REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS ............................................................................... 205
Petar Petrov¹, Yanka Markova²
¹Technical University of Gabrovo
²Medical University – Varna „Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov” Affiliate Veliko Tarnovo

EVALUATION OF INTERNET-BASED PRACTICAL TEACHING

IN HIGHER EDUCATION .......................................................................................................... 209
Tatijana Dlabač¹, Alenka Milovanović², Branko Koprivica², Martin Ćalasan³, Mladen Janjić²
¹University of Montenegro, Faculty of Maritime Studies Kotor
²University of Kragujevac Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak
³University of Montenegro Faculty of Electrical Engineering Čačak

TEAMWORK PROJECTS ON THE TOPIC “SYNTHESIS, ANALYSIS AND

ESTIMATION OF CODE CONVERTERS IN LOGISIM” .................................................... 214
Adriana Naydenova Borodzhieva, Ivanka Dimitrova Tsvetkova
University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev” Bulgaria

INVESTIGATING RF FILTERS USED IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

SYSTEMS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ......................................................................... 220
Ivanka Dimitrova Tsvetkova, Adriana Naydenova Borodzhieva
University of Ruse “Angel Kanchev” Bulgaria

RECURSIVE BRUTE-FORCE SELECTION OPERATOR

IN GENETIC ALGORITHMS ..................................................................................................... 227
Iliyan Zankinski, Delyan Keremedchiev, Ivan Blagoev, Rumen Ketipov, Kolyu Kolev,
Georgy Kostadinov, Plamen Petrov
Institute of Information and Communication Technologies - Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

STEREOSCOPIC APPLICATION FOR STUDENTS IN STEREOMETRY

(GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND EDGE BODIES) ...................................................................... 233
Penio Lebamovski, Emiliyan Petkov
St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Faculty of Mathematics and
Informatics
Department of Computer Systems and Technologies

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS
OF NUMBER PROJECTION INHABITANTS OF EUROPE FOR
THE 21ST CENTURY................................................................................................................... 240
Danijela Antic1, Marjana Timotijevic1
1
University of Nis, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Visegradska 33, Nis, Serbia

RANK TESTS ................................................................................................................................ 243

Marjana Timotijevic1, Danijela Antic1
1
University of Nis, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Visegradska 33, Nis, Serbia

NUMBER OF ZERO SOLUTIONS OF SOME CANONICAL COMPLEX

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS OF THE SECOND ORDER
WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENT ........................................................................................... 247
Jelena Vujaković1, Tanja Jovanović1, Nataša Kontrec1
University of Priština, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Lole Ribara 29, Kosovska
Mitrovica, Serbia

ZERO SEARCH METHOD FOR COMPLEX OSCILLATING EQUATION

DIRECTLY BY DIRECTION ...................................................................................................... 253
Jelena Vujaković1, Nataša Kontrec1, Stefan Panić1
1
University of Priština, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics Lole Ribara 29, Kosovska
Mitrovica, Serbia

CRITICAL OBJECTS INFORMATION SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURES

IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE INFORMATION WAR ....................................................... 257
Mikhailo Prokofiev1, Liudmyla Skachek2, Vladimir Khoroshko3, Valentina Ovod4
1
Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute,
2
National Academy of Internal Affairs of Ukraine
3
National Aviation University
4
Kiev Electromechanical College

CHARACTERISTIC OF SEA AND RIVER PORTS AS OBJECTS

OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE STATE........................................................... 262
Olena Azarenko1, Julia Goncharenko2, Mikhailo Diviziniuk3, Oleg Miroshnik4,
Evgen Tishchenko5
1
National Aviation University - Kyiv
2
University of Europe - Kyiv
3
State institution “Institute of Environmental Geochemistry of the NAS of Ukraine” - Kyiv
4
Cherkasy Fire Safety Institute named after Heroes of Chernobyl National University of
Civil Protection of Ukraine - Cherkasy
5
Educational-methodical center of civil protection and life safety of Cherkasy region -
Cherkasy

CHEMISTRY AND ECOLOGY

ALIPHATIC ESTERS OF OLEIC ACID - ELUCIDATION OF ESTERIFICATION

PROCESS IN ULTRASOUND FIELD........................................................................................ 265
Dragomir Vassilev¹ , Nadezhda Petkova², Milena Koleva¹, Panteley Denev²
¹Technical University of Gabrovo

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 ²University of Food Technologies Plovdiv

APPLICATION OF ULTRASONIC ENERGY IN GREEN CHEMISTRY

AND OPTIMIZATION OF PRE-ESTERIFICATION FOR PRODUCTION
OF SUCROSE PALMITATE ....................................................................................................... 270
Dragomir Vassilev¹ , Nadezhda Petkova², Milena Koleva¹, Panteley Denev²
¹Technical University of Gabrovo
²University of Food Technologies Plovdiv
DESIGN AND MONITORING OF PRIMARY BATTERY SELECTION SYSTEM
IN MORAVICA DISTRICT OF REPUBLIC OF SERBIA ...................................................... 275
Milan Vesković1, Neda Nikolić1, Brankica Šutić1, Miloš Papić1, Miodrag Zečević2
¹
University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak
²European University, Belgrade, Faculty of International Engineering Management

CHANGING AQUATIC ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS OF THE FOOTHILLS OF THE

DNIESTER RIVER BASIN UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC LOADING ................................. 279
Volodymyr Snitynskyi¹, Petro Khirivskyi¹, Ihor Hnativ¹, Oleh Yakhno²,
Roman Hnativ³
¹Lviv National Agrarian University
²Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute
³National University "Lviv Polytechnic"

EVALUATION OF SOLVENT EFFECT ON THE PERMEATE FLUX AND

STABILITY THROUGH NANOFILTRATION MEMBRANES ............................................ 284
Iliyan Trayanov, Ilonka Saykova
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy

ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF BLACK TOMATOES...................................................... 290

Milan Vesković1, Jelena Mladenović2, Milena Đurić2, Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević2,
Duško Brković2, Nenad Pavlović3, Jasmina Zdravković3
1
Faculty of Technical Sciences Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
2
Faculty of Agronomy, University of Kragujevac, Serbia
3
Institute for Vegatable Crops, Smederevska Palanka, Serbia

ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIR CATHODES

FOR APPLICATION IN MFC ..................................................................................................... 294
Blagovesta Midyurova
Prof. D-R Asen Zlatarov University

DRINKING WATER STATUS IN GABROVO MUNICIPALITY ......................................... 299

Pencho Stoychev
Technical University of Gabrovo

STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN

THE MUNICIPALITY OF GABROVO ..................................................................................... 305
Pencho Stoychev
Technical University of Gabrovo

PRODUCTION POSSIBILITIES OF PELLETS FROM RESIDUES

WHEN PRUNING RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES .................................................. 311
Srećko Ćurčić1, Mališa Žižović1, Sandra Milunović Koprivica1, Miloš Božić1,
Dragan Turanjanin2
1
Faculty of Technical Sciences in Čačak, University of Kragujevac, Serbia

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 2
Academy of Business Professional Studies, Belgrade, Serbia

RESEARCH ON WATER QUALITY OF VARNA LAKE

(JUNE-AUGUST 2019) ................................................................................................................. 315
Diyana Dimova1, Daniela Toneva2
1,2
Technical University of Varna, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC SURFACE

AREA OF SOLIDS BY ADSORPTION OF DIFFERENT GASES ......................................... 321
Denitza Zgureva, Silviya Boycheva, Kalin Filipov
Technical University of Sofia

PHYSICS

THE STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF LIQUID IRIDIUM: THE EFFECT

OF COOLING RATE .................................................................................................................... 325
Unal Domekeli
Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

A MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS STUDY OF THE THERMAL

AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF PALLADIUM NANOFILMS ................................ 330
Unal Domekeli¹, Murat Celtek²
¹Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne - TURKEY
²Faculty of Education, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

THE STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF LIQUD PB NANOPARTICLE

DURING SOLIDIFICATION PROCESS ................................................................................... 335
Murat Celtek¹, Unal Domekeli², Sedat Sengul²
¹Faculty of Education, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne - TURKEY
²Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF PAIR POTENTIALS ON

THE ATOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MELTING POINT OF MAGNESIUM
METAL DURING THE HEATING PROCESS ......................................................................... 340
Murat Celtek¹, Unal Domekeli²
¹Faculty of Education, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne - TURKEY
²Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

THE EFFECTS OF THE COOLING RATES ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF AL 60 CU 40

METALLIC LIQUID: ATOMIC SIMULATIONS ................................................................... 346
Sedat Sengul¹, Unal Domekeli²
¹Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY
²Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

A CLASSICAL MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION STUDY ON THE

STRUCTURAL EVOLUTION AND DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AL 66.7 AG 33.3
METALLIC LIQUID DURING RAPID SOLIDIFICATION .................................................. 351
Sedat Sengul¹, Unal Domekeli²
¹Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 ²Dept. of Physics, Trakya University, 22030, Edirne – TURKEY

GAMA SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SANDS COLLECTED FROM

THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA OF BULGARIA .................................................................... 355
Nina Arhangelova, Sabina Vasileva, Seniha Salim, Borislava Pavlova, Hristo Hristov
Shumen University “Konstantin Preslavsky”

ALLELOPATHIC ACTIVITY AND CONTENT OF RADIONUCLIDES

OF HEDERA HELIX (ARALIACEAE) ..................................................................................... 360
Borislaba Pavlova, Hristo Hristov, Seniha Salim, Zheni Dimirtova, Nina Arhangelova
Shumen University “Konstantin Preslavsky”

RADIONUCLIDE CONTENT AND THEIR IMPACT ON TESTATE AMOEBAE

(AMOEBOZOA, RHIZARIA) IN DAMS FROM ORTHEASTERN BULGARIA ................ 364
Nina Arhangelova, Rositsa Davidova
Shumen University “Konstantin Preslavsky”

GAMA-SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOILS FROM PARK "KYOSHKOVE"....... 368

Nina Arhangelova, Seniha Salim, Hristo Hristov, Borislava Pavlova
Shumen University “Konstantin Preslavsky”

INFLUENCE OF THE STEP AND FREQUENCY ON LASER MARKING

BY MELTING OF PRODUCTS OF STEEL 41CR4 ................................................................. 371
Nikolay Angelov
Technical University of Gabrovo

THE BINDING ENERGY AND SELF-POLARIZATION OF 2P-BOUND STATE

OF A HYDROGENIC IMPURITY IN A GAAS/ALAS SPHERICAL
QUANTUM DOT ........................................................................................................................... 376
Ali Ihsan Mese
Department of Physics, Trakya University, Edirne-22030, Turkey

INFLUENCE OF THE SPEED AND FREQUENCY ON LASER MARKING

BY VAPORIZATION OF PRODUCTS OF STEEL 41CR4 ..................................................... 382
Nikolay Angelov
Technical University of Gabrovo

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH’19” – Gabrovo

 INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE
15 – 16 November 2019, GABROVO

ZERO SEARCH METHOD FOR COMPLEX OSCILLATING EQUATION

DIRECTLY BY DIRECTION

Jelena Vujaković1, Nataša Kontrec1, Stefan Panić1

1
University of Priština, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics
Lole Ribara 29, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia
jelena.vujakovic@pr.ac.rs; natasa.kontrec@pr.ac.rs; stefan.panic@pr.ac.rs

Abstract
The problem of location of the zero solution of the second order complex oscillator equation for the given analytic function is
unlikely to be completely solved. Therefore, estimates have long been resorted to. The easiest case is if the zeros are aligned at the
same direction, which is rare. Since there are no other zeros between the two directions, we will assume that there are many zeros on
practically every direction in the sector

Keywords: direction, canonical complex differential equation, sine solution, cosine solution, frequency function.

INTRODUCTION d 2w 2z
+ e w ( z ) =0, a ( z ) =e 2 z (2)
The problem of location of the zero solution dz 2

of the second order complex oscillator and

equation d 2w
0, a ( z ) =
+ Pn ( z ) w ( z ) = Pn ( z ) . (3)
dz 2
d 2w
+ a ( z) w( z) = 0 (1) In [6] and [7], we obtained two solutions for
dz 2 the differential equation (1) by the series-
for the given analytic function iteration method
a ( z ) α ( x, y ) + i β ( x, y ) is unlikely to be
=
completely solved. Therefore, estimates have
w1 ( z ) cos a( z ) z ≈ cos z a ( z )
= ( ) (4)

long been resorted to. The easiest case is if the and

zeros are aligned at the same direction, which
w2 ( z ) sin a( z ) z ≈
=
(
sin z a ( z ) ) . (5)
is rare. Since there are no other zeros between a( z)
the two directions, we will assume that there which we called the oscillatory complex
are many zeros on practically every direction
functions with base a ( z ) (either sine and
in the sector = y kx= , k tan ϕ in sector
π cosine solutions or Sturm zeros of the solution
0 ≤ϕ < . In the papers [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], of differential equation (1)). On the other
2 hand, the frequency function of these
the exact number of zero solutions is rarely oscillatory complex iterations is
found, it is merely linked to the rank growth of
the whole function, and the number of zeroes F ( z ) = z a( z ) . (6)
almost always tends to infinity. In this paper
we will try to fix the zeros in a given direction The zeros of solutions (4) and (5) are
=y kx, 0 ≤ k < ∞ and see how they depend on approximately in the solutions of Eqs
π 
 π ( 2n − 1) , n =
w1 : z a ( z ) = 1, 2,3,...
=k tan ϕ , ϕ ∈ 0,  . So we will try to 2 , (7)
 2 
evaluate their power. w2 : z a=( z ) n=π , n 0,1, 2,... 
We will consider two canonical complex and the number of zero solutions for
second order differential equations with differential equation (1) but now with constant
variable coefficients: coefficients we found by using the formula

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH 2019” – Gabrovo III-253

  π  Solving this system, for m = 0 , we get one
N ( zk ) = kE   , where E is a whole transcendent equation ye − y cot y = nπ sin y that
 a ( z ) 
ye − y cot y
part and k is integer. can be solved if the curve f ( y ) =
sin y
MAIN RESULTS intersects with horizontal lines y = nπ .
In this section, we present two new results. Therefore, it is easier to solve the above
Theorem 1. Suppose that the canonical system directly in the direction y = kx ,
complex differential equation (2) is given, because then we get
whose solutions take the form (4) and (5) and xe x [ cos kx − k sin kx ] = nπ
π xe [ k cos kx + sin kx ] =
x
0.
let be given a sector z =R, 0 ≤ arg z <
2 For x = 0 it follows that n = 0 , so we only get
Then: one zero O(0, 0) . Therefore, let x ≠ 0 . Then
a) The number of zero sine solutions, on the
positive part of the Ox − axis, to the point dividing by xe x we get the system
nπ − x
 R eR  cos kx − k sin kx = e
R is N = E  . x .
 π  k cos kx + sin kx = 0
b) Number of zero sine solutions in every
From here we get a simple equation
other direction y = kx of this sector, ie. to
n 2π 2
the intersection of the point of direction x 2e2 x = . (8)
and of the circle is z = R is 1+ k 2
Geometrically, from Figure 1
 1+ k 2 
N = E R eR  .
 π 
c) The number of zeros is the smallest on
the Ox − axis but gradually increases (for
finite k , 0 ≤ k < ∞ ) and thickens nearby
π
ϕ= .
2
d) The smallest number of zeros is on the
Oy − axis and there is only one zero at the
point O(0, 0) .
e) For each finite k , 0 ≤ k < ∞ , K, if R → ∞ ,
in each direction, the number of zeroes
tends to infinity. Fig. 1.
f) There are countless zeros in the smallest
sector ϕ = ε . we see that the monotone curve x 2 e 2 x
Proof. Due to the multiplicity of the square intersects with the horizontals
root a ( z= ) e= z
e z +i 2 mπ , m ∈ , the zero of nπ
2 2
= λ ( n, k ) , with fixed k . Then the
sine solutions, based on (7), are 1+ k 2
number of zeros xn increases rapidly as n
z a ( z ) = ze z +i 2 mπ = nπ , m ∈ , n = 0,1, 2,....
increases.
By elementary transformations in a complex
Now we can prove the theorem.
domain as well as on the basis of the equality
a) Let R be some far abscissa on the
of complex numbers, we obtain a real system
of equations
Ox − axis, then k =0 and
λ ( n=
, 0 ) λ= nπ .
2 2
Denote by
e x  x cos ( y + 2mπ ) − y sin ( y + 2mπ )  = nπ max

x1 , x2 ,..., xn = R abscissas points of the

e x  y cos ( y + 2mπ ) + x sin ( y + 2mπ )  =
0.

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 curve y = x 2 e 2 x . Then, from (8) we get az 3 + bz=
2
n 2π 2 ,=
n 0,1, 2,.... , based on the
xn 2 e 2 xn = n 2π 2 , i.e. R 2 e 2 R = n 2π 2 . From definition of equality of complex numbers, we
get the system
π2
here n 2 = which was to be shown ax3 (1 − 3k 2 ) + bx 2 (1 − k 2 ) =n 2π 2
R 2 e 2R (10)
( n = N ). ax3 ( 3k − k 3 ) + 2kbx 2 = 0.
b) If the intersect points of the direction
We distinguish cases:
y = kx and the circle z = R we denote by
• For x = 0 the second equation of the
M ( xR , y R ) , then by repeating the y kx
system is satisfied, so we have = = 0,
procedure as in a), we obtain the desired which means that we got one zero O ( 0, 0 ) .
result.
• If x ≠ 0 , dividing by x 2 from second
c) Let k = 0 i.e. we observe the Ox − axis.
equation of the system we
When n grows ( n is the order of sine
−2kb
zeros of a function) so does get. x = . Substituting this value
= x n= π , n 0,1, 2,... , i.e. the number of a ( 3k − k 3 )
zeros increases, which means that zeros into the first equation we obtain (9)
are denser and denser. • If a = 0 is differential equation (3) it now
d) When k grows, then the number of zeros has a real constant coefficient P1 ( z ) = b .
π By solving the system (10), we have k = 0
decreases to ϕ = (this is the Oy − axis),
2 nπ
so we only get one zero. O ( 0, 0 ) . and
= x , n ∈ 0 . Therefore, we have the
b
e) For the smallest sector, i.e. for an arbitrary coordinates of sine zeros along the x axis,
ε > 0 we have an angle ϕ = ε . Due to the so condition (9) is fulfilled.
continuity of the countless directions • For a ≠ 0 and k = 0 condition (9) applies
y = kx , we conclude that there are and the zeros are again on the Ox − axis.
countless zeros . Their abscesses are determined from the
equation ax3 + bx 2 − n 2π 2 = 0 .
Theorem 2. The complex canonical • For a ≠ 0 and k ≠ 0 condition (9) takes the
) P1 ( z=) az + b
differential equation (3), a ( z=
form b = n π a
3 2 2 2 (3 − k )
2 3

. Specifically,
where is a first degree polynomial,
a, b ∈ + , a ≠ 0 , has innumerable zeros in the 4 (1 + k )
2 2

sector π
for k = 1 , i.e. for the angle ϕ = we get a
π 4
ϕ<
z = R 0 ≤ arg z = if:
3 simple relation for the number zero.
3 3
k ) n π a2k 3 (3 − k 2 ) .
4k b (1 += 2 2 2 2 3
(9) The important boundary points for k , ,by
(9), are:
1
Proof. For canonical complex differential 0, ,1, 3 . Obviously, we get that for
3
equation
d 2w k > 3, a ≠ 0, a, b ∈ + the left side of (9) is
+ ( az + b ) w ( z ) =
0 , a, b ∈ + , a ≠ 0 negative, which is impossible. This means
dz 2
that only for values 0 < = k tan ϕ < 3 ,
frequency function is F= ( z ) z az + b . Zeros
under condition (9) there are infinite zeros.
of sine solutions are in the solutions of
equations z az += b nπ ,= n 0,1, 2,.... . Remark 1. The canonical complex differential
For the sake of simplicity, let's get right to the equation (3), with coefficient P( z=
) az + b ,
concrete direction = y kx, 0 ≤ k < ∞ . Then but when a, b are complex numbers in the
z x (1 + ik )
= so from direction =y kx, 0 ≤ k < ∞ , for x > 0 , there

International Scientific Conference “UNITECH 2019” – Gabrovo III-255

can be innumerable zero sine solutions if
between the elements holds REFERENCE
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CONCLUSION
solutions for complex canonical differential
Finally, we can conclude that it is possible to equation of second order with constant
determine the zeros of only those canonical coefficients in the first quadrant. University
complex second-order differential equations Thought, Publication in Natural Sciences 2016,
that can be solved by the series-iteration 6(2):41-46
method.

III-256 International Scientific Conference “UNITECH 2019” – Gabrovo