PLATELETS COMPONENTS

WRITTEN BY: Fayzah Alshammari

DATE: 10/02/2021

PLATELETS COMPONENTS
Platelets for transfusion may be derived from a whole blood collection or collected by apheresis.

There is Three Type of platelet:

1)Platelets concentrate:

Platelet concentration prepared from a unit of whole blood should be:

 A unit of Platelets contain > 5.5 x 1010 platelets suspended in 40-70 mL of plasma.

 Leukocytes Reduced < 8.3 x 105 leukocytes/unit.
 Elevate the platelet count by about 5000 µL.
 Visual inspection of platelets after prepared show an absence of visible red cell in the vast majority of unit.
 If the platelets contain greater than 2 mL of red cell, the red cell must be ABO compatible with
recipient’s plasma and be crossmatched.
 Visually inspect PLT concentration for excessive clumping/aggregates.

2) Pooled Platelets:

Pooled platelets are usually prepared by pooling random-donor platelets harvested from whole blood unit to
increase the therapeutic dose of cell in a product.

 Pooled platelet unit is usually standard dose contains 4-6 random platelets.
 Dose is equivalent to around > 3.0 x 1011 platelets /bag.
 ABO/Rh matched units pooling together.
 Pool is labeled with total volume, ABO/Rh, and number in pool.
 The leukocyte can be reduced by filtration as part of pooling process and must contain < 5.0 x
106 leukocytes.
 The shortest expiration date of the pooled units determines the expiration date of the pool.
 A unique pool number is affixed to the final container; each unit within the pool is documented.
 Pooled WBD platelets prepared in an FDA approved platelet pooling system.

3) Apheresis Platelets:

Apheresis Platelets are larger volume single donor unit collected by an approved apheresis collection method.

 Apheresis platelets contain > 3.0 x 1011 platelets in variable volumes that must be listed on the label.
 Most apheresis collection methods will yield units between 200 and 400 mL.
 A single collection of apheresis platelets may sometimes be split between two bags to increase surface
gas exchange.
 Best choice for a patient to have reduced donor exposures and also used when HLA-matched products
are needed for refractory patients.
 Most apheresis collection systems are capable of filtering out leukocytes to be contain <5.0x
106 leukocytes.

Product Platelet count Volume Leukocytes

10
Platelet leukocyte reduced 5.5 x 10 50 mL < 8.3 x 105

Pooled Platelets leukocyte reduced ~ 3.0 x 1011 Depends upon pool <5.0x 106
size
Apheresis Platelet leukocyte reduced 3.0 x 1011 ~300 mL <5.0x 106

Pathogen Inactivation:
 The majority of pathogen inactivation methods damage the nucleic acids of viruses, bacteria, and parasites,
prevent there replication. Also inactivate residual white cells to prevent GVHD.

Methods:

 Intercept (Amotosalen).
 Mirasol (riboflavin).
 Methylene blue.
 Octaplas (solvent/detergent).

Storage and Transport of Platelet Components:

 Stored at room temperature (20-24°C incubator) while under constant gentle agitation.
 Transport at 20-24 C and constant agitation can be suspended for up to 30 hours.

Platelets shelf-life:

 4 hours in open system to avoid bacterial contamination growth during storage.

 5 days in close system.
 7 days only if storge container:
1. Clear approved by FDA for 7 days platelets storage.
2. Labeled with the requirement to test every product beyond 5 days with bacterial contamination device.

Gentle agitation necessary to:

 Allow for adequate oxygen exchange through the platelet bag.

 Failure to do so could result in a decrease in pH <6.2 and activation of the platelets.

Platelet QC:

According to AABB each standard dose pooled or apheresis unit should to be:

 Platelets yield ≥ 3.0 x 1011

 Leukocyte <5.0x 106.
 pH ≥ 6.2 at the end of storage.

Note:

Loss of the swirling effect can be a result of anything that causes platelet activation (pH, temperature, and age of the product)
and may not always be marker for bacterial contamination.

Indication of platelet:

 Thrombocytopenia.
 Platelets function abnormalities.
 disseminated intravascular coagulation ‘DIC.
 Life threatening hemorrhage.

Dose:

WB Derived Platelet Plateletpheresis or pooled

Platelets Increment 5,000 to 10,000/µL 30,000 to 60,000/µL