DISKUSI E-5

B.INGGRIS
Text 1
Of all modern instruments, the violin is apparently one of the simplest. It consists in essence of a
hollow, varnished wooden sound box, or resonator, and a long neck covered with a fingerboard, along
which four strings are stretched at high tension. The beauty of design, shape, and decoration is no accident.
The proportions of the instrument are determined almost entirely by acoustical considerations. Its
simplicity of appearance is deceptive. About 70 parts are involved in the construction of a violin. Its tone
and its outstanding range of expressiveness make it an ideal solo instrument. No less important, however,
is its role as an orchestral and chamber instrument. In combination with the larger and deeper-sounding
members of the same family, the violins form the nucleus of the modern symphony orchestra.
The violin has been in existence since about 1550. Its importance as an instrument in its own right
dates from the early 1600’s, when it first became standard in Italian opera orchestras. Its stature as an
orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the
orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violins du Roy (The King’s 24 Violins), which was to become widely
famous later in the century.
In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact that the strings
were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely. During the eighteenth and
nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such composer-violinists as Vivaldi and
Tartini. Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was
produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension. Small changes had to be made to the
violin’s internal structure and to the fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain.
Accordingly, a higher standard of performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and
interpretation. Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the
fingerboard were developed for very high notes.
1. The word “standard” in paragraph 2 is closest 3. What is the main idea presented in paragraph
in meaning to ____ 3?
(A) Practical (A) The violin has been modified to fit its
(B) Customary evolving musical functions
(C) Possible (B) The violin is probably the best known
(D) Unusual and most widely distributed musical
(E) Special instrument in the world
2. “The King’s 24 Violins” is mentioned in (C) The violin had reached the height of its
paragraph 2 to illustrate which of the popularity by the middle of the
following? eighteenth century
(A) How the violin became a renowned (D) The technique of playing the violin has
instrument remained essentially the same since the
(B) the competition in the 1600’s between 1600’s
French and Italian French violins (E) The combination became in fact to the
(C) why the violin was orchestras first true orchestra
(D) The superiority of considered the only 4. The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in
instrument suitable to be played by paragraph 3 as examples of composers whose
royalty music?
(E) To use the terms applied at that time (A) Inspired more people to play the violin
(B) Had to be adapted to the violin
(C) Demanded more sophisticated violins
(D) Could be played only by their students
(E) Showed the influence by time of their
formation
5. The word “strain” in paragraph 3 is closest in 8. According to the passage, which of the
meaning to ___ following contributes to a dull sound being
(A) Struggle produced by a violin?
(B) Strength (A) A long fingerboard
(C) Strategy (B) A small body
(D) Stress (C) High string tension
(E) hassle (D) Thick strings
(E) Big chinrest
6. The word “accordingly” in the last
paragraph is closest in meaning to ___ 9. Which of the following terms is defined in the
(A) However passage?
(B) Consequently (A) Resonator (line 2)
(C) Nevertheless (B) Solo (line 6)
(D) Ultimately (C) Left-hand technique (line 21)
(E) Nonetheless (D) Fingering patterns (line 21)
(E) Instrumental (line 17)
7. According to the passage, early violins were
different from modern violins in that early 10. All of the following are mentioned in the
violins ______ passage as contributing to the ability to play
(A) were heavier modern violin music EXCEPT ___
(B) broke down more easily (A) More complicated technique for the left
(C) produced softer tones hand
(D) were easier to play (B) Different ways to use the fingers to play
(E) play higher and more melodies very high notes
(C) Use a rare wood for the fingerboard and
neck
(D) Minor alterations to the structure of the
instruments
(E) Higher standard of performance in terms
of felicity and interpretation

Directions: in the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. Against each, five
words are suggested one of which fits the blank properly. Find out the appropriate word in each case.

Economic development of country is ___11 __ to their industrial growth. In a developing country

like India, Small Scale Industries play a significant role in economic development of the country. They are
a __12__ segment on India economy in terms of their contribution towards country’s industrial production,
exports employment and creation of an entrepreneurial base.

These industries by and large represent a stage in economic ___13 __ from traditional to modern
technology. Small industry plays a very important role in widening the base of entrepreneurship. The
development of small industries ___14___ an easy and effective means of achieving broad based ownership
of industry, the diffusion of enterprise and initiative in the industrial field.

Given their importance, the Government policy frame work right from the Fist plan has ___ 15 __
the need for the development of SSI sector keeping in view its ___ 16___ importance in the overall economic
development of India. Accordingly, the policy support from the policy support from the Government
towards Small Scale Industries has tended to be ___17___ and favorable to the development of small
entrepreneurial class. Government accords the ___18 ___ preference to development of SSI by framing and
implementing ___ 19 ____ policies and promotional schemes.

The most important promotional policy of the Government for the SSI’s is fiscal___20___ in the
form of tax concessions and exemptions of direct or indirect taxes leviable on production or profit.
11. ____ 16. ____
(A) Related (A) Strategy
(B) Relating (B) Less
(C) Concentrated (C) Complex
(D) Resembled (D) Strategic
(E) assimilated (E) Meagre
12. ____ 17. ____
(A) mean (A) Conducive
(B) vital (B) Congruence
(C) insignificance (C) Unsuitable
(D) visual (D) Unfit
(E) insignificant (E) Unfair
13. ____ 18. _____
(A) Translation (A) High
(B) Transferring (B) Higher
(C) Transition (C) Highest
(D) Transitional (D) Measurable
(E) growth (E) Lowest
14. ____ 19. _____
(A) Offer (A) Unsuitable
(B) Offers (B) Suitable
(C) Differ (C) Suit
(D) Differs (D) Strategy
(E) encourage (E) Unmatch
15. _____ 20. ____
(A) Highlighting (A) Incentives
(B) Highlighted (B) Imperatives
(C) Heighten (C) Needs
(D) Demeaning (D) Improvement
(E) Demeaned (E) help