NAMA : KEMAS ALSYA AFRILIAN

NIM : 20172014P

TUGAS II
ANALISA SISTEM

Questions :

Section 16 – 1 :

1. What is an oscillator?
2. What type of feedback does a feedback oscillator require?
3. What is the purpose of the feedback circuit?
4. Name the two types of oscillator.

Section 16 – 2 :

1. What are the conditions required for a circuit to oscillate?

2. Define positive feedback.
3. What is the voltage gain condition for oscillator start-up?

Section 16 – 3 :

1. There are two feedback loops in the Wien-bridge oscillator. What is the purpose of
each?
2. A certain lead-lag circuit has R1 R2 and C1 C2. An input voltage of 5 V rms is applied.
The input frequency equals the resonant frequency of the circuit. What is the rms output
voltage?
3. Why is the phase shift through the RC feedback circuit in a phase-shift oscillator 180°?

Section 16 – 4 :

1. What is the basic difference between the Colpitts and the Hartley oscillators?
2. What is the advantage of a FET amplifier in a Colpitts or Hartley oscillator?
3. How can you distinguish a Colpitts oscillator from a Clapp oscillator?
NAMA : KEMAS ALSYA AFRILIAN
NIM : 20172014P

Answers :

Section 16 – 1 :

1. Oscillators are a part of electronics component that can generate or produce electrical
pulse with a certain frequency and a fixed amplitude.
2. On the oscillators, the feedback in the amplifier section of an oscillator must be positive
feedback.
3. The purposes of feedback circuit on oscillators is to make the amplitude of the input
signal is increased, in this condition the fraction of the amplifier output signal is
feedback to be in phase with the input, and by adding together the feedback and input
signals, so the amplitude of the input signal will be increased.
4. The name of two types oscillators are harmonic oscillator and the nonlinear or
relaxation oscillator.

Section 16 – 2 :

1. There are more conditions required for a circuit will be oscillate, first the phase shift
around the feedback loop must be effectively 0 °, and the second is voltage gain around
the closed feedback loop (loop gain) must equal 1 (unity), then Positive feedback must
occur at a frequency where the voltage gain of the amplifier is equal to the losses
(attenuation) occurring in the feedback path. For example if 1/30th of the output signal
is fed back to be in phase with the input at a particular frequency, and the gain of the
amplifier (without feedback) is 30 times or more, oscillation will take place. The
oscillations should take place at one particular frequency and the amplitude of the
oscillations should be constant.
2. Positive feedback is characterized by the condition wherein a portion of the output
voltage of an amplifier is feedback to the input with no net phase shift, resulting in a
reinforcement of the output signal.
3. When oscillation begin, the voltage gain around the positive feedback loop must be
greater than 1 so that the amplitude of the output can build up to a desired level. The
gain must then decrease to 1 so that the output stays at the desired level and oscillation
is sustained.
NAMA : KEMAS ALSYA AFRILIAN
NIM : 20172014P

Section 16 – 3 :

1. On the Wien-bridege oscillator there are two feedback loops, where the output of the
operational amplifier is fed back to both the inputs of the amplifier. One part of the
feedback signal is connected to the inverting input terminal (negative or degenerative
feedback) via the resistor divider network of R1 and R2 which allows the amplifiers
voltage gain to be adjusted within narrow limits. The other part, which forms the series
and parallel combinations of R and C forms the feedback network and are fed back to
the non-inverting input terminal (positive or regenerative feedback) via the RC Wien
Bridge network and it is this positive feedback combination that gives rise to the
oscillation. The RC network is connected in the positive feedback path of the amplifier
and has zero phase shift a just one frequency. Then at the selected resonant frequency,
( ƒr ) the voltages applied to the inverting and non-inverting inputs will be equal and
“in-phase” so the positive feedback will cancel out the negative feedback signal causing
the circuit to oscillate.
2. 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 1.67 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡
3. Because the feedback is connected to the inverting input, then the op-amp is connected
in an "inverting amplifier" configuration which results in the required 180 ° phase shift
while the RC network produces another 180 ° phase change at the required frequency
(180 ° + 180 °), So the three RC circuits contribute a total of 180°, and the inverting
amplifier contributes 180° for the total of 360° around the loop

Section 16 – 4 :

1. Thus the main difference between a Colpitts Oscillator and a Hartley Oscillator is that
the former uses tapped capacitance, while the latter uses tapped inductance. Where
Colpitts use capacitive voltage divider in the feedback circuit while a Hartley uses an
inductive voltage divider.
2. The higher FET input impedance has less loading effect on the resonant feedback
circuit. The most advantages of the Colpitts Oscillator over the Hartley oscillators are
that the Colpitts oscillator produces a more purer sinusoidal waveform due to the low
impedance paths of the capacitors at high frequencies. Also due to these capacitive
reactance properties the FET based Colpitts oscillator can operate at very high
NAMA : KEMAS ALSYA AFRILIAN
NIM : 20172014P

frequencies. Of course any op-amp or FET used as the amplifying device must be able
to operate at the required high frequencies.
3. A Clapp oscillator is modification of colpitts oscillator where oscillator has an
additional capacitor in series with the inductor in the feedback circuit