DCC MICRO PROJECT

GROUP MEMBER

SR NO ENROLLMENT ID NAME CLASS

1 1905690291 SHAIKH NOOR ALAM CO4IA
2 1905690299 AMANULLAH SHAIKH CO4IA
3 1905690336 SHAAHBAZ SHAIKH CO4IA
4 1905690349 AFNAN SHAIKH CO4IA
 DATA COMMUNICAION AND COMPUTER NETWORK

TOPIC: CLASSIFY TOPOLOGY IN COPUTER NETWORK.

 INTRODUCTIN AND TYPES

Topology :
It defines physical or logical arrangement of links in network. Topology is physical layout of
computers, cables and other connected devices on a network. The term topology refers to the
way a network is laid out either physical or logically two or more devices connect to a link or
more links form a topology. The topology of a network is the geometric representation of the
relationship of all the links and linking devices (called node) to each other.

There are Different types of Topologies

1. Bus Topology
2. Star Topology
3. Ring Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Tree and Hybrid Topology
 BUS TOPOLOGY

1. Bus Topology
In Bus Topology, all stations attach through appropriate hardware
interfacing known as a tap, directly to a linear transmission medium,
or bus as shown in image Full-duplex operation between the station
and the tap allows data to be transmitted onto the bus and
received from the bus. A transmission from any station propagates
the length of the medium in both directions and can be received by
all other stations. At each end of the bus there is a terminator, which
absorbs any signal, preventing reflection of signal from the
endpoints. If the terminator is not present, the endpoint acts like a
mirror and reflects the signal back causing interference and other
problems.
Key Characteristics of this topology are:
• Flexible (Advantage)
• Expandable (Advantage)
• Moderate Reliability
• Moderate performance
 STAR TOPOLOGY

2. Star Topology
In the star topology, each station is directly connected to a
common central node as shown in image Typically, each station
attaches to a central node, referred to as the star coupler, via
two point-to-point links, one for transmission and one for
reception.
In general, there are two alternatives for the operation of the
central node. One approach is for the central node to operate
in a broadcast fashion. Another approach is for the central node
to act as a frame-switching device.
Key Characteristics of this topology are:
• Flexible (Advantage)
• Expandable (Advantage)
• Moderate Reliability
• Moderate performance
 RING TOPOLOGY

3. Ring Topology
In the ring topology, the network consists of a set of
repeaters joined by point-to-point links in a closed loop as
shown in Fig. 5.1.5. The repeater is a comparatively simple
device, capable of receiving data on one link and
transmitting them, bit by bit, on the other link as fast as they
are received, with no buffering at the repeater. The links
are unidirectional; that is data are transmitted in one
direction only and all are oriented in the same way. Thus,
data circulate around the ring in one direction (clockwise
or counter clockwise).
Key Characteristics of this Topology are:
• A number of repeaters are used and the transmission is
unidirectional
• Date is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit.
• Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic
(Advantage)
• Cheap to install and expand (Advantage)
 MESH TOPOLOGY

4. Mesh Topology
In this topology each node or station is connected to
every other station as shown in Two nodes are
connected by dedicated point-point links between
them. So the total number of links to connect n nodes =
n(n-1)/2; which is proportional to n2 . Media used for the
connection (links) can be twisted pair, co-axial cable or
optical fibe . With this topology there is no need to
provide any additional information, that is from where
the packet is coming, along with the packet because
two nodes have a point-point dedicated link between
them. And each node knows which link is connected to
which node on the other end.
Key Characteristics of this Topology are:
•Fully connected
• Robust – Highly reliable (Advantage)
• Not flexible
•Poor expandability
 TREE TOPOLOGY

5. Tree Topology
A tree topology is a special type of structure where
many connected elements are arranged like the
branches of a tree. For example, tree topologies are
frequently used to organize the computers in a
corporate network, or the information in a database.
In a tree topology, there can be only one connection
between any two connected nodes. Because any two
nodes can have only one mutual connection, tree
topologies create a natural parent and child hierarchy.

Key Characteristics of this Topology are:

• Point-to-point wiring for individual segments.
• Supported by several hardware and software venders.
• Ideal if nodes are located in groups.
 REFERENCE

Reference
• Laptop.
• Microsoft Office
• Note Book
•Google