12

Practical
Research 2
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
SAMPLING PROCEDURE OF
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Sampling Procedure of Quantitative Research!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
For the learner:

Welcome to the Practical Research 2 for Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Sampling Procedure of Quantitative Research!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.
 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the Sampling Procedure of Quantitative Research.

The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons
are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is composed of one lesson only:

•Lesson 1 – Sampling Procedure of Quantitative Research!

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. describe sampling procedure and sample;

2. calculate sample size; and
3. understand different sampling procedures through an example.
 What I Know

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Sampling is about ______ a sample from a population.

A. adding
B. including
C. predicting
D. selecting

2. A sample frame is a useful tool to ______ a target population.

A. approximate
B. assess
C. assimilate
D. attach

3. Non-probability sampling is based on ______ selection from a target

population
A. arbitrary
B. random
C. systematic
D. transfer

4. The non-probability sampling which applies the referral type of identifying

members of the sample is ______________.
A. Convenience Sampling
B. Snowball Sampling
C. Purposive Sampling
D. Quota Sampling

5. What is TRUE about stratified sampling?

A. Type of sampling method in which the total population is divided
into smaller groups or strata
B. The population is divided into various subgroups.
C. It is part of sampling
D. All of the above
 Lesson
SAMPLING PROCEDURE OF
2 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

What’s In

Directions: Define or describe the following terms. Write your answers on the
blanks inside the figure.

in-text
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

Should you have queries on the tasks, always ask or
communicate your subject teacher.
 What’s New

Directions: Read and comprehend the quotes below. After understanding the
quotes, write your insights about the quotes on the space provided.

1. “Certainly, last year we did an episode about the census and sampling versus
a direct statistic. You just said the word 'census,' and people fall asleep.” -Aaron
Sorkin
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. “There are a lot of people who really abused sampling and gave it a bad name,
by just taking people's entire hit songs and rapping over them. It gave publishers
license to get a little greedy.” -Beck
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Criteria
Content/idea- 5 points
Interpretation-5 points
TOTAL- 10 points each item
 What is It

What is sampling?
It is a process of getting information from a proper subset of
population
Choosing of respondents or subjects from a large population to
answer your research questions (selecting only the part of the whole)
(Babbie, 2012).
Why do we need to use sampling?
• Get information about large populations
• Less costs
• Less field time
• More accuracy
• When it’s impossible to study the whole population
When will you use the entire population as your sample?
• When your population is very small
• When you have extensive resources
• When you don’t expect a very high response

Take note of the following terms:

Population
-an aggregate or a set of all units/cases (may be people, things, events,
etc.) being studied having at least one common characteristics.
-a big group of people from where you choose the sample
Example:
The total number of carabaos in Barangay X.
All students of KNCHS during the second semester of SY 2017-2018.

SAMPLE
-“a smaller (but hopefully representative) collection of units from a
population used to determine truths about that population” (Field, 2005)
- a chosen set of people to represent the population
-randomly selected subgroup of people or objects from the overall
membership pool of a define target population

SAMPLING UNIT
- term referring to every individual in the population

SAMPLE SIZE
- the number of respondents/subjects that you are going to use in the
study
-could be gotten through the use of Slovin’s Formula ( n= N/ 1 + N𝒆^𝟐 )
Remember:
1. You need to use first the Slovin’s Formula in getting the sample.
n= N/ 1 + N𝑒^2
n= sample
N= total population
𝑒^2= margin of error preferred

Ex. Find the sample size required for a population size of 1000 if
an error of 0.05 is tolerated.
n= N/ 1 + N𝑒^2
(N= 1000 e= 0.05)
n= (1,000)/1+(1,000)((0.05)(0.05))
n= 286
2. After obtaining the size of the sample, you may now determine the
sampling techniques to be employed.
Factors Affecting Sample Selection
1. Sample size
-How big should the sample be?
- based on other’s previous study on how they got their
sample
-ensure the representativeness or accuracy of sample size
2. Sampling Technique
-two types: probability sampling and non-probability
sampling
-bias is one of the causes of sampling errors (sampling
procedure must be accurate)
3. Heterogeneity of Population
-heterogeneous population is composed of individuals with
varied abilities
4. Statistical Techniques
-accuracy of sample depends on how precise or accurate
your methods are in calculating the numbers used in
measuring the chosen samples or giving a certain value to
each of them
5. Time and Cost
- consider the amount of money you will fork out for the
materials you will need in getting your sample
-time and effort should also be considered in choosing your
sample
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
-each member of the defined population has an equal chance of
being selected
-gives the researcher the opportunity to assess sampling error
-enables investigators to specify the size of the sample that they will
need if they want to obtain degree of certainty that the sample size
would definitely represent the whole
-usually used in descriptive research

Types of Probability Sampling

1. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING (SRS)

-most basic and commonly-used sampling technique in descriptive research
-can be done through lottery or fish bowl method and also with the use of
the table of random numbers
Procedure in obtaining sample using lottery or fish bowl technique.
• Compute the sample size.
• Determine where will you get your sample.
• Determine the technique in selecting your respondents.
• Make a listing or assign numbers to each of the total population
• Put them in a container or box, then draw the sample.
• After drawing the sample, refer to your listing and determine the
actual names of the respondents.

2. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

- consists of the selection of each nth term from a list
-you need to obtain first the sample size using the Slovin’s Formula
-the sample size is the basis for the computation of starting number
Ex. Teacher’s Population = 15, 345
Sample size = 390
Computation of nth =N
Cv n
15, 345/390 = 39. 34 or 39 = is the distance
Therefore, your respondents are #s 39, 78, 117, 156, 195, etc. until you
have taken the total computed sample size of 390

Another version of selecting respondents using the systematic random

sampling
-Writing numbers 1-10 on a piece of paper, put it in a container, and pick a
number. The number that will be picked will be the starting number and the
interval to be used in the selection of respondents.

3. STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

-used by making subdivisions of the total population into smaller groups to
represent the sample of the study; Sometimes called "proportional" random
sampling
-different strata (groups) in the population are defined and each member of
the stratum is listed
-this type of sampling assures adequate cases for sub-group analysis
-A stratum is a subset of the population that share at least one common
characteristic; such as males and females
 Example no. 1:

HOSPITALS in Number of % # of samples to be

Region XII Hospitals drawn
Saranggani 10 10/86x100 = 12% 10 x 12% (0.12) 1
General Santos 15 15/86 = 17% 3
Koronadal City 10 10/86 = 12% 1
South Cotabato 12 12/86 =14% 2
Tacurong City 10 10/86 = 12% 1
Sultan Kudarat 9 9/86 = 10% 1
Cotabato City 9 9/86 = 10% 1
Cotabato Province 11 11/86 = 13% 1
TOTAL 86 11

Note: Mock data only

Then, do the SRS in every stratum/group in getting the representative

hospital of every place identified in Region XII
Example no. 2.
Region XII Places Number of Hospitals 50 % samples to be
drawn in each place
Saranggani 10 5
General Santos 15 8
Koronadal City 10 5
South Cotabato 12 6
Tacurong City 10 5
Sultan Kudarat 9 5
Cotabato City 9 5
Cotabato Province 11 6
TOTAL 86 45

Note: Mock data only

Then, do the SRS in every stratum/group in getting the representative

hospital of every place identified in Region XII
4. CLUSTER SAMPLING
C. ACTIVITY 1
-selecting respondents in clusters rather than in separate individuals
such as choosing 5 classes of 40 classes each from a whole population
of 5, 000 students
-population divided into clusters of homogeneous units, usually based
on geographical contiguity.
Cluster: a group of sampling units close to each other i.e. crowding
together in the same area or neighborhood
5. Multistage sampling
-divides large populations into stages to make the sampling process more
practical.
-A combination of stratified sampling or cluster sampling and simple
random sampling is usually used.

Example:
Let’s say you wanted to find out which subjects Philippine school
children preferred. A population list — a list of all Philippine
schoolchildren– would be near-impossible to come by, so you cannot take
a sample of the population.
Instead, you divide the population into regions and take a simple
random sample of regions. For the next stage, you might take a simple
random sample of schools from within those regions. Finally, you could
perform simple random sampling on the students within the schools to
get your sample.

Note: In order to classify multistage sampling as probability sampling,

each stage must involve a probability sampling method.

Real Life Examples Multistage Sampling

• The Census Bureau uses multistage sampling for the U.S.
National Center for
Health Statistics’ National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).
A multistage probability sample of 42,000 households in
376 probability sampling units (PSUs are usually counties
or groups of counties), which are chosen in groups of
around four adjacent households.
• The Gallup poll uses multistage sampling. For example,
they might randomly choose a certain number of area
codes then randomly sample a number of phone numbers
from within each area code.
• Johnston et. al’s survey on drug use in high
schools used three stage sampling: geographic areas,
followed by high schools within those areas, followed by
senior students in those schools.
• The Australian Bureau of Statistics divides cities into
“collection districts”, then blocks, then households. Each
stage uses random sampling, creating a need to list
specific households only after the final stage of sampling.
(Mcburney & White, 2014)
 What’s More

Directions: Give and do what is asked. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. In your own words, explain the definition of sampling inside the figure below.

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. Cite the differences between each of the following:

a. Stratified and Cluster Sampling

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________

b. Simple Random Sampling and Stratified Random Sampling

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
 What I Have Learned

Directions: Define/describe the following terms. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. Sampling-________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

2. simple random sampling-________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

3. stratified sampling-_____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

4. systematic sampling-_____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

Directions: Read the following situations inside the box and then answer the
question(s) followed. Write the correct answers on the space provided.

A researcher wants to conduct a research project about working

mothers’ knowledge about child abuse in the Philippines.

1. What is the target population of this research project?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the accessible population for this research project?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the most suitable sampling technique that can be used to select the
sample of working mothers to be involved in the study? Give the reason.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Use the selected sampling technique you decided in question 3 and state the
steps for developing the sampling plan.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

A researcher wants to conduct a study about "Nurses' knowledge about

diabetic foot infection". The study will be conducted in Koronadal City
governmental hospitals (5 hospitals). The numbers of nurses working in these
hospitals are as follow:
Hospital 1: 1000 nurses; Hospital 2: 700 nurses; Hospital 3: 600 nurses;
Hospital 4: 800 nurses; Hospital 5: 1200 nurses.

1. What is the sampling technique you recommend to him to select the sample?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Suppose the researcher has decided to use a systemic sampling

technique to select a sample of 500 from nurses working in general wards in
a big governmental hospital for a research project. The total number of nurses
working in the hospital is 6000, only 3500 of them working in general wards.
Help this researcher in this process by answering the following questions
below:
2. List the steps that you will follow in choosing the members of the sample.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

3. How will you select the first subject?

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 Assessment

Directions: Identify the following statements. Choose the letter of the correct
answer inside the box.

A. Systematic Random sampling E. Target Population

F. Simple Random Sampling
B. Stratum G. Sampling Frame
C. Sampling H. Sampling Unit
D. Population I. Sample
J. Probability

__________1. It is the process of getting information from a proper subset of

population.

__________2. It is an aggregate or a set of all units/cases (may be people, things,

events, etc.) being studied having at least one common characteristics.

__________3. The population to be studied/ to which the investigator wants to

generalize his results.

__________4. It is a list/map from which the potential respondents are drawn.

__________5. A chosen set of people to represent the population.

__________6. A term referring to every individual in the population.

__________7. It enables investigators to specify the size of the sample that they will
need if they want to obtain degree of certainty that the sample size
would definitely represent the whole.

__________8. It is the most basic and commonly-used sampling technique in

descriptive research.

__________9. It is a subset of the population that share at least one common

characteristic such as males and females.

_________10. It consists of the selection of each nth term from a list of population.
 Additional Activities

Directions: Answer each question in not more than three sentences. Explain your
point through giving examples. Write your answers on the space
provided.

1. Why sampling procedure is important in research?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. In what way you can apply sampling methods in your daily routine?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is sampling helpful in gathering data?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. Amid the pandemic crisis, how do sampling methods help to maintain preventive
measures?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Criteria:
Idea/content- 10 points
Mechanics of Writing-5points
Total- 15 points each item
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph