1

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 1
Schools Division of Ilocos Sur
Sinait National High School
Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Self Learning Kit

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Senior High School
Week 4
DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES USING INSTRUMENTS
Competency

 Collects data using appropriate instruments (CS_RS12-IId-g-1)

Short Discussion

Data collection is an important aspect of any type of research study. Inaccurate

data collection can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results.

The quantitative data collection methods, rely on random sampling and

structured data collection instruments that fit diverse experiences into predetermined
response categories. They produce results that are easy to summarize, compare, and
generalize. 

Quantitative research is concerned with testing hypotheses derived from theory

and/or being able to estimate the size of a phenomenon of interest.  Depending on the
research question, participants may be randomly assigned to different treatments.  If
this is not feasible, the researcher may collect data on participant and situational
characteristics in order to statistically control for their influence on the dependent, or
outcome, variable. If the intent is to generalize from the research participants to a larger
population, the researcher will employ probability sampling to select participants. 

Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com
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There are two different methods to gather information: primary or secondary.

Primary data collection refers to collecting raw data in which information is obtained
directly from first hand sources by means of surveys, interviews, questionnaires, tests,
observations, checklist and rating scales and not subjected to any processing or
manipulation. It is original in nature and is specific to a research problem under study. In
this form of data collection, researchers can personally ensure that primary data meets
standards of quality, availability, statistical power and sampling required for a particular
research question. Secondary data collection is gathering data using public
information that has been collected by others. It is typically free or inexpensive to obtain
and can act as strong foundation to any research project- provided you know where to
find it and how to judge its worth and relevance. It is conducted by obtaining information
found in journals, books, annual reports, websites and other publications available for
public use.

PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION PROCEDURES:

A. Interview/Survey

In quantitative research (survey research), interviews are more structured than in

Qualitative research.In a structured interview, the researcher asks a standard set of
questions and nothing more.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)

1. Face -to -face

interviews have a distinct
advantage of enabling the
researcher to establish rapport with
potential participants and therefore
gain their cooperation. These
interviews yield highest response
rates in survey research. They also
allow the researcher to clarify
ambiguous answers and when
appropriate, seek follow-up
information. Disadvantages include
impractical when large samples are
involved time consuming and
expensive. (Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)

2. Telephone interviews are less time consuming and less expensive and the
researcher has ready access to anyone on the planet who has a telephone.
Disadvantages are that the response rate is not as high as the face-to- face interview as
but considerably higher than the mailed questionnaire. The sample may be biased to
the extent that people without phones are part of the population about whom the
researcher wants to draw inferences.

Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com
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3. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) is a form of personal

interviewing, but instead of completing a questionnaire, the interviewer brings along a
laptop or hand-held computer to enter the information directly into the database. This
method saves time involved in processing the data, as well as saving the interviewer
from carrying around hundreds of questionnaires. However, this type of data collection
method can be expensive to set up and requires that interviewers have computer and
typing skills.

Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com
 4

Questionnaires

1. Paper-pencil-
questionnaires can be sent to a
large number of people and saves the
researcher time and money. People
are more truthful while responding to
the questionnaires regarding
controversial issues in particular due
to the fact that their responses are
anonymous. However, they also have
drawbacks. Majority of the people
who receive questionnaires don't
return them and those who do might
not be representative of the originally
selected sample.(Leedy and Ormrod, 2001)

2. Web based questionnaires are new and inevitably growing methodology

is the use of Internet based research. This would mean receiving an e-mail on which
you would click on an address that would take you to a secure web site to fill in a
questionnaire. This type of research is often quicker and less detailed. Some
disadvantages of this method include the exclusion of people who do not have a
computer or are unable to access a computer. Also the validity of such surveys are in
question as people might be in a hurry to complete it and so might not give accurate
responses.

Questionnaires often make use of Checklist and rating scales. These devices
help simplify and quantify people's behaviors and attitudes. A checklist is a list of
behaviors, characteristics, or other entities that the researcher is looking for. Either the
researcher or survey participant simply checks whether each item on the list is
observed, present or true or vice versa. A rating scale is more useful when a behavior
needs to be evaluated on a continuum. They are also known as Likert scales (Leedy
and Ormrod, 2001).

3. Observations: The researcher takes field noted on the behavior and

activities of research participants at the research site or in their natural setting.

SECONDARY COLLECTION PROCEDURE:

Documents: These take the form of public documents( newspapers, minutes of

meetings, official reports, books) or private documents

Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com
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(personal journals, diaries, letters, emails), and files/articles taken from websites, which
are all collected during the research process.

Generalization

These important point/s of this Self Learning Kit (SLK) is/are listed below.

 Data collection is very important in the analysis of data. There are two different
methods to gather information: primary or secondary.

Assessment/ Application
Part I. IDENTIFICATION
Instructions: Write “A” if the given data collection is primary and “B” if the stated data
collection is secondary. Write answer on the space provided for.

____ 1. Surveys _____ 6. Interviews

____ 2. Books _____ 7. Questionnaires
____ 3. Journals _____ 8. Websites
____ 4. Tests _____ 9. Rating Scales
____ 5. Annual Reports _____ 10.Checklists

Part II. DATA COLLECTION

Instructions: Given the following research titles, select an appropriate instrument that
can be used in gathering data. Defend your answer. Use separate sheet for your
answer.

1. Student Satisfaction on Student Services in a Private Secondary School

2. Students’ Perceptions About Use of ICT in Learning Science
3. Parents-Teachers Association (PTA) Involvement in the School Development
Programs of Sinait National High School

References

Prieto, Nelia, et al. 2017. Practical Research for Senior High School 2 Quantitative.
Published by LORIMAR PUBLISHING, INC.

University of Wiskonsin Eau Claire. 2019. “Data Collection Methods”. Quantitative and
qualitative data collection methods. Accessed May 3, 2020.
https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/researchmethods/data%20collection
%20methods/data%20collection%20methods.htm

Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com
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Address: Ricudo, Sinait, Ilocos Sur

Telephone No: (077) 674 0004
Email Address: sinaitnhs1947@gmail.com