The Recent Status of Research

and Development on Solar Cell

Brian Yuliarto, Ph.D.

Kelompok Keahlian Teknik Fisika

Fakultas Teknologi Industri
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2017
Photovoltaic Market: Global
 Photovoltaics is a fast growing market: The Compound Annual Growth Rate
(CAGR) of PV installations was 42 % between 2000 to 2015.
 Concerning PV module production in 2015, China & Taiwan hold the lead with a
share of 67 %, followed by Rest of Asia-Pacific & Central Asia (ROAP/CA) with
14%. Europe contributed with a share of 5 % (was 6% in 2014); USA/CAN
contributed 3 %.
 In 2015, Europe’s contribution to the total cumulative PV installations amounted
to 40 % (compared to 48 % in 2014). In contrast, installations in China accounted
for 21 % (compared to 17 % in 2014).
 Si-wafer based PV technology accounted for about 93 % of the total production
in 2015. The share of multi-crystalline technology is now about 68 % of total
production.
 In 2015, the market share of all thin film technologies amounted to about 8 % of
the total annual production.
Solar Cell: Module Efficiencies
 The record lab cell efficiency for silicon wafer based technology is 2.6 % for
mono-crystalline, 21.9 % for multi-crystalline, and 26.6 % for silicon
heterostructure technology. The highest lab efficiency in thin film technology is
22.1 % for CdTe and 22.6 % for CIGS solar cells.
 In the last 10 years, the efficiency of average commercial wafer-based silicon
modules increased from about 12 % to 17 % (Super-mono 21 %). At the same
time, CdTe module efficiency increased from 9 % to 16 %.
 In the laboratory, best performing modules are based on monocrystalline silicon
with about 23 % efficiency. Record efficiencies demonstrate the potential for
further efficiency increases at the production level.
 In the laboratory, high concentration multi-junction solar cells achieve an
efficiency of up to 46.0 % today. With concentrator technology, module
efficiencies of up to 38.9 % have been reached.
NREL: Best Research-Cell
Efficiencies
Best module efficiency (By June
2016)
PV Module Builder Technology Record Efficiency
SunPower N-type Si, back contact 24.1 % aperture efficiency
SolarCity N-type Si, heterojunction 22.04 % aperture efficiency
Panasonic N-type Si, Cu-electrode 22.5 % aperture efficiency
First Solar CdTe 18.6 % aperture efficiency
Solar Panel
Efficiencies
by
Manufacture
r
Tracker and Concentrator
No Technologies No Technologies
1 Nanosensors and the internet of Nanothings 6 Organs-on-chips
2 Next Generation Batteries 7 Perovskite Solar Cells
3 The Blockchain 8 Open AI Ecosystem
4 Two Dimensional Materials 9 Optogenetics
5 Autonomous Vehicles 10 Systems Metabolic Engineering
Research Progress on
Perovskite Solar Cell
Evolution of Perovskite Solar
Cell
Advantages of Perovskite
Solar Cells
• High Efficiency: with an efficiency of 20% after only
several years of work
• Facile low temperature solution-based fabrication
method
• High absorption coefficient
• High diffusion length, high charge carrier mobilities
• It means that light-generated electrons can move large
enough distances to be extracted as current, instead of
losing their energy as heat within the cell
• Vary high values of open-circuit voltages (Voc)
typically obtained
Inorganic Perovskites for Solar
Cells
A Comparison
Perovskite on Tandem Solar
Cell
PSC Performance Roadmap
16
Improvement
Phase Change Materials
• Phase change material (PCM) is a substance that can undergo
solid-solid phase change, liquid-gas or solid-liquid.
• PCM absorbs large amounts of energy as latent heat at the
phase transition temperature
Research on DSSC in ITB

◦ Photoelectrode (TiO2, ZnO)

◦ Elektrolyte Mediator
◦ Dye
◦ Counter Electrode (Pt)
◦ Sealant
◦ Conductive Films (ITO, FTO)

Natural Dyes Having unique characteristics

Locally abundant, Easy to be extracted
Research focus Fulfilling the electronics and absorbance characters
The groups facilitating good adsorption onto semiconductor

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Scope Penelitian dalam DSSC (1)
+ Theoretical +Quantum dot
+pH + Combining Anthocyanidin doping in natural + Theoretical
investigation & theory and Interaction dye investigation
co-adsorber experiment - Without -Without combining
- Without anthocyanin molecular optimizing the experiment of Dye
theoretical - Without DSSC orbital synthetical - Indirect dye-TiO2
investigation application investigation process paramter interaction
Calogero Kalisz Terranova Yuliarto Yuliarto
(2012) (2013) (2013) (AEM, 2014) (AMR&AIP 2014)

Tuan Chien Calogero Yuliarto Yuliarto Yuliarto

(2012) (2013) (2013) (AMR, 2013) (Springer, 2016) (2017)
+ Catechol + Optimization + Diethyl Amine + Extracting + Optimizing + Molecular
effect in anthocyanin Donor various natural process parameter modification
anthocyanin aglycones Modification dye in dye synthesis combining
- Without - Without donor - Flavilium - Without - Without teo&experi-ment
further donor modification& syntetic theoretical molecular orbital - Indirect dye-TiO2
investigation theoretical aspect investigation investigation interaction

Molecular Modification Era of Natural Dyes-DSSC

Combined Modeling and Experimental Era of Natural Dyes DSSC 19

Dye natural dari Indonesia
• Anthocyanin
• Chlorophyll
• Carotenoid
• Curcumin

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Capaian terbesar dalam penelitian DSSC
Need improvements

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kehadiran chlorofil-b
pada anthocyanin
meningkatkan
efisiensi dari 1.31%
menjadi 2.17%
 Sel surya dengan dye
Hesperidin dari Citrus
reticulate memiliki
efisiensi 0.71%
Fourier transform of Musa Sapientum (left) and
Citrus Sinensis (right) peels
 Conclusions

1. The development technology of solar Cells have

been growth and changed very fast.
2. The research and development should be
performed well in Indonesia together with other
country in research collaborations.
3. Indonesia has to anticipate the future technology of
solar cell

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Thank you