SHS

IMUS UNIDA CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Quality. Christian. Education.

21st Century Literature from

the Philippines and the World
Quarter 1 Module 2: Lesson 2

Literary Elements, Structures and Tradition

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 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Quarter 1 Module 2: Lesson 2

MELC 2: Compare and contrast the various 21 st Century literary genres and the ones
from the earlier genres/periods citing their elements, structures and traditions

Specific Objectives:
1.) Determine the different literary elements, structure and tradition.
2.) Differentiate literary elements, structure and tradition through recognizing them
in a literary text.
3.) Appreciate the value of literary texts around them through reading, interpreting,
and criticism.

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office
wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such
agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks,
etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has
been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective
copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

I. Introduction

Literature is a term used to describe written and sometimes spoken material. Literature
focuses on study of literary texts. It develops students like you in becoming an independent,
innovative, and creative learners and thinkers who appreciate the aesthetic use of language,
evaluate perspectives and evidence, and challenge ideas and interpretations.
In this lesson, you will be able to learn the different literary elements, structure and
tradition which are the basics of understanding literature. If you will be able to learn all these
concepts, it will be easier for you to determine the culture, tradition and language of the text that
it represents. Your learning from this lesson will serve as an introduction to a new world
experience.
In this lesson you will be able to:
• determine the different literary elements, structure and tradition.
• differentiate literary elements, structure and tradition through recognizing them
in a literary text.
• appreciate the value of literary texts around them through reading, interpreting,
and criticism.

Your expected outputs are the following:

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 • transcription of your community’s background according to the following phases: history,
professionals, geography, and tradition.
• short story that has all the literary elements you learned.

Let’s Start Your Learning Quest!

Prince Lee Gon is fond of travelling around the kingdom.

He is a very charming young man and everyone loves him
because of his charismatic, kind and giving nature. One
day, without his knowing, he is already walking on a place
he didn’t know until he has travelled the portal to the other
world. Prince Lee Gon has already lost his way home. He
has to go back to the palace to claim his rightful throne as
the Royal Prince of the Kingdom. Can you help Prince
Lee Gon to find his way home? Please collect stars from
each task to help save Prince Lee Gon.

II. Pre-Test

Before you start your learning quest and in helping Prince Lee Gon, read the story of
“LIRIO, ” the 1st Prize Palanca Award-winning Hiligaynon Story by Peter Solis Nery. For further
reading about the author you may visit http://petersolisnery.com/biography/. After reading you
can proceed to the next task. Good luck!

LIRIO
Peter Solis Nery

According to Lola Pansay the midwife, all the butterflies went wild when Nanay Rosa gave birth
to Lirio, the Mute. The old woman could never forget that birth, a curious event. That was the
only time she had ever seen a large gathering of butterflies. In her estimation, all the butterflies
in Barrio Jardin and other neighboring sitios flocked to witness Lirio’s birth.
When the midwife patted the baby’s buttocks, it did not make a sound. The old woman then
slapped its butt, but still the baby did not cry. Then the butterflies hovered around the old lady
who had the baby in her arms. For a while these unusual visitors stopped flying, as if they were
poised in prayer. The baby in Lola Pansay’s arms smiled, and that was all.
The old woman put down the baby beside Nanay Rosa who was almost unconscious. It was a
difficult delivery; the mother lost a lot of blood. But Nanay Rosa smiled when she felt her baby
by her side.
Thousands of butterflies were at the baby’s christening. They frolicked and danced outside the
chapel. Their wings were like nuns’ hands in prayer: open, close, open, close. The baby smiled.

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When Padre Rafael asked how the baby was to be called, Tatay Manuel gave the name: Lirio,
after the lily. The father said the name Lirio suited her well, for the baby was very fair-skinned. If
Lola Pansay were to be believed, in the long time that she had been midwife in Barrio Jardin,
Lirio was the fairest of all the babies whose umbilical cord she had cut. This was a source of
great pride for Tatay Manuel whose ancestry bore dark sunburned skin.
On the day of the christening itself, the barrio chapel was flooded with white lilies because
Padre Rafael was officiating a wedding after the baptism. But it was only Nanay Rosa who
noticed the very white flowers; everyone else had their attention on Lirio’s very fair skin,
especially because the baby looked even more enchanting in the white frock its mother put on
her.
Lirio glowed when Padre Rafael made a cross of holy oil on her forehead. She smiled when
water was poured over her head, and she soundlessly chuckled as she gazed at the butterflies
peering through the chapel windows.
Tatay Manuel proudly cradled his child as the godparents lighted candles. Many had thought
that one of the couple was sterile because they had remained childless after almost twenty
years. But now in their advanced age, they were blessed with a beautiful and unique child, Lirio
the Silent One.
Lirio was greatly loved by her parents, but she grew up without friends. She had wanted to join
in the many children’s games like hide-and-seek and others, but the other children did not give
her any attention. She was often sad because, being mute, she was always made fun of. Thus,
she directed all her time to her books and her crayons.
Lirio had a rare intelligence, so that she was admitted into the first grade even if she could not
speak. Tatay Manuel desired to send his child to a special school, but a mere farmer could not
afford to send his beloved daughter to the city to study.
Lirio really wanted to attend school, so all Tatay Manuel could do was provide Lirio’s teachers
with a sack of rice each from his harvest, in exchange for their understanding of his child’s
circumstance.
In school, Lirio became a very close friend to Yasmin Buenaflor, a transferee. Like her, Yasmin
was also unique: she was pinkish fair. Even the hair on her head and on her skin was white.
From a distance, her eyes looked like they had no pupils: entirely white without the dark centers.
Both of them were subjected to their classmates’ teasing, but Yasmin was bold. She wrestled
with those who taunted and mocked them. She was a bit of a tomboy and many feared her.
Even the teachers feared Yasmin’s father, who was a captain in the army. (That was actually
the reason Yasmin was always a transferee in school: she and her mother went wherever her
father was assigned.)
Lirio had great admiration for Yasmin. She copied her friend’s way of dressing and even her
hair, which was cut short. When Yasmin’s pencil shortened from use, Lirio would break her own
pencil even if this were new, just so that both their pencils were equally short. Before going to
bed at night, she would pray that she become like Yasmin.
She would often dream that she was Yasmin. She would wonder what Yasmin did when they
parted ways after school. She was many times lost to herself from too much thinking of Yasmin.

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Sometimes, she would not heed when her name was called. She wanted to be called by her
friend’s name. At times, she was convinced that Yasmin was her name.
At the end of their first grade, Captain Buenaflor was assigned to Mindanao. Out of great
sadness, Lirio refused to eat for three days. Tatay Manuel and Nanay Rosa found it difficult to
console her. A seven-year-old could not comprehend why friends had to part. It was sad to be
alone, but it was more miserable when friends had to separate whom Grade One had made
very dear to each other.
From then on, Lirio ceased attending school. She helped her mother weave patadyong. And at
age nine, for her own amusement, she started tending a garden that bloomed with beautiful
fragrant flowers: roses, sampaguita, rosal, gumamela, dahlia, calachuchi, bougainvilla, orchids,
and lilies, and all kinds of flowers.
Butterflies and birds flocked to this garden. In the daytime, it was delightful how butterflies
chased each other to the chirping of the birds. In the evening, the creaking crickets sounded like
a mother’s lullaby. Years passed and no one can explain the events that brought Lirio to
marriage with Vicente Lugay—Sgt. Vicente “Itik” Lugay, a sergeant of the PNP.
Perhaps Lirio remembered Yasmin in the brave and brusque sergeant; perhaps she got tired of
waiting for Noli. There was a great many “perhaps” but no one knew the real reason Lirio
consented to marry Itik Lugay.
In truth, even the butterflies weakened at her decision. In their old age, Tatay Manuel and
Nanay Rosa could no longer see nor hear, and they could no longer speak even if they had
wanted to refuse. But if only Lirio had taken a glance before she accepted Itik, she might have
seen the big black butterfly as it alighted on the front door of the hut.
Before a year had passed after Lirio’s marriage, both her parents died. Word spread in the
barrio that they died from Itik’s rough and careless ways. Itik called Tatay Manuel “Zombie” and
Nanay Rosa, “Zombelina.” “The Living Dead” were often the topic of drunken talk which brought
much amusement to Itik’s drinking buddies.
In the first month of their marriage, immediately Mrs. Lirio Lugay obtained three bumps. That
was the start of the old couple’s decline.
Lirio became more silent than ever. Never did she allow her parents to hear the painful moans
that slid from her silent lips. Even then perhaps, in their own silence, the old couple could sense
what their beloved child was going through. And so to cause Lirio to cry unashamedly (or
without any care or concern), they held their breaths until they convulsed and the pupils of their
eyes popped out.
Itik continued to get drunk and to beat his wife. And then Noli came home from Japan. Itik raged
with jealousy. So Lirio collected much from the cruelty and violence of the jealous drunkard. She
silently suffered all the punishment because she could not explain Noli’s constant visit and the
three white lilies that he always had for her.
In jealous stupor, Itik would force himself on Lirio even in the noontime heat. Then the cruel
worm would fall asleep on top of the tattered girl. And then, even with all the body aches and
pains, Lirio would run to her garden. There she would pray that she be turned into a flower.

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Lirio was greatly pleased with her plants in bloom. Like her, the flowers did not need to speak.
She was happy to relate with the flowers without using her lips and tongue. Without the need for
words, she understood the flowers more than she did people. Sometimes she would think how
people would better understand other people (or other things) if only they stopped talking.
For many a time the butterflies’ wings would flap like they were applauding the bits of wisdom
like this that flowed from the spring of Lirio’s muteness. And the maiden would only smile.
Time came when it was not only in the garden that the butterflies hovered. Wingless butterflies
started gathering in the hut in pursuit of the maiden. One of these was Noli whom Lirio also
fancied. Noli was handy with electronics. When
Lirio’s radio failed to work so that she had to miss listening to her favorite drama on air, a single
tweak by Noli was all it took to make the radio work again.
Only Noli understood Lirio’s speechless heart. When he came to visit, he did not boast as the
others did. He just remained silent and subdued. He usually offered the girl three white lilies, a
symbol of his pure love for her. And Lirio in turn would bring him to her garden to show off the
lilies that she planted.
Lirio really fell for Noli. Even the butterflies in the garden clapped with glee when the young
woman decided to accept the love that Noli offered her.
But three months after Lirio vowed to return Noli’s love, the young man was pushed by dire
need to seek his fortune abroad. He could not refuse a wellpaying job that a Japanese employer
offered him.
For three months, Lirio shed tears for Noli. Even the butterflies seemed embarrassed to flutter
before her. Tatay Manuel and Nanay Rosa were hushed with great pity. They could only shake
their heads at the sight of Lirio absently staring at the white lilies before her.
She envied her lilies. They bloomed so gloriously as if the world had not one reason for tears to
fall. At dawn, the lilies would have wet faces but, unlike her, not from tears. It is the dew’s sweet
kiss that dampened these chaste and precious flowers. She wanted to be like the lilies.
One night, Itik Lugay had another attack of brutal lust. He came home drunk and intended to
again force himself on Lirio. His wife, who had just cried herself to sleep, was suddenly
awakened. Everything turned black in her sight, and when her eyes finally cleared, she saw
butterflies crowding outside the window. She wondered about this, since butterflies hardly ever
came out at night.
Wonder, surprise, fright, and disgust for Itik muddled Lirio’s guts. Lirio ran out to the garden with
Itik chasing her. The drunkard saw his pistol on the dresser.
He picked it up and followed his wife.
He came upon Lirio on her knees before her white lilies, as if in prayer.
Suddenly, horns and a tail came out of Itik. He pointed the gun at his wife.
In her fright, Lirio’s tears melded with nasal fluid as they flowed down her face. Yet she went on
praying. Then her tongue moved. She started to babble. Suddenly, out of her mouth flew
butterflies. Countless butterflies. Like a gathering of all the butterflies in the entire Barrio Jardin

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and the neighboring sitios. Itik was astounded at what he saw. He looked like he had sobered
up.
Then, like thunder came these words from the lips of Lirio the Silent One “Lord, I want to be a
lily!”
And then there was lightning and thunder.
The butterflies then hastily scurried around Itik Lugay who was still holding the gun. They
slapped his head with their wings, and they blinded him with the powder from under their wings
Terrified, but with the gun still in his hand, Itik started to scream. “A fiend you are! You are the
devil!”
And a gunshot pierced the quiet of the night.
Lirio … had turned into a lily.
Source: Nery, Peter Solis. “LIRIO in English translation.” 2017.
http://petersolisnery.com/569/

Activity 1. FACT OR BLUFF

A. Read the statements in the table and write fact if the statement is true and bluff if it is
false. Write the word that corresponds to your response in each statement. Use a
separate paper for your answer.

FACT/ STATEMENT
BLUFF
1.Lirio has a third person point view limited.
2.Yasmin, Lirio’s friend can be considered as a major character.
3.Exposition unfolds when Lirio, the Mute ws given birth by Nanay Rosa and a huge
gathering of butterflies witness her birth.
4.Sgt. Vicente “Itik” Lugay is characterized through his actions and behavior.

5. The story resolves when Itik chased Lirio hlding a pistol on his hand.
6. The conflict present is man vs nature.
7.Sgt. Vicente “Itik” Lugay is an example of an antagonist.
8.The theme of the story is obsession.
9.Oral Tradition is a form of human communication in knowledge, art, ideas and
cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted nonverbally from one
generation to another.
10.Literary tradition means an accumulative process of handing down texts for future
generations.

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 III. Lesson Proper

Can you still recall the different literary genres that you learned from the previous
module?

Activity 2. 4 WORDS 1 GENRE

Let’s have fun! You will find four key words in every item. Identify the literary genres that
corresponds to the key words provided below. Your correct answers will determine how many
stars you will be receiving. Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

1. FICTION WOMANHOOD HUMOROUS LIGHT-

HEARTED

2. OLD STORY TALES ORAL FOLK

TRADITION

3. JAPAN COMICS GRAPHICS ANIMATION

BLOG EMAIL IM FORMAT DIALOGUE

FORMAT FORMAT

4.

5. LONG POEM CHIVALRY HERO ANCIENT

Score
5-4 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

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 Did you get all the literary genres? How are these genres related to this lesson?

Building Your Vocabulary

Welcome to our next quest! Your task is to read an example of a legend. But before that
Look the synonyms of the difficult words that you will encounter in the text.
Activity 3. We are alike!
It is time to build your vocabulary! At this moment, you will unlock the unfamiliar words
underlined in each sentence by choosing its synonym in the options provided. Please write your
answer in your notebooks.
1. A printed notice, in similar terms, is handed to all members of the jury panel when
they commence their duties.

heave end

promote begin

2. The stormflattenedthe flimsy wooden huts that the villagers lived in.

loose hoard

preclude crushed

3. He hurriedly re-formed his troops, fearing at every moment to be hurled down the
hill by a counterstroke; but none came.
launch hold

throw articulate

4. But such organized resistance was rare, and once called up, few soldiers dodged
conscription and even few deserted.
disappear develop

av oided faced

5. Their food was the meat they killed in the chase, or seeds and roots, grubs or
reptiles.

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 hunting flee

emerge abscond

Did you find out the synonym of the underlined words in every sentence? It’s time
to collect your stars. The more stars you collect, the more points you gain in this
lesson! Good luck and enjoy the quest!

Score
5-4 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

Now I think you are ready to read the legend and you can also check your
dictionary if you encountered some words which are still unfamiliar to you as you
read the selection.

Study These

The following text is an account of the creation of the world coming from Bikol group. It
appeared in the second volume of H.O Beyer’s Ethnography of the Bikol People.

Activity 4: Reading Quest

Read the legend entitled On the Origin of Earth and Man and answer the
questions that follow.

On the Origin of Earth and Man

(Bikol)

Many many years ago, there was no earth or man. There was only the sky. Now, in the sky
there were brothers, Bulan and Adlao. The latter was the older and the stronger. But the former
was proud and hated his older brother.

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One day there was a quarrel. Bulan hurled bad words at Adlao, claimed superiority and
challenged Adlao to a fight. The older brother only laughed at his younger brother. But his laugh
was answered by Bulan who bellowed; “You coward, come and fight and I will show my
superiority. If you don’t fight, I will kill you.” And Bulan suddenly rushed to Adlao without waiting
for an answer. Adlao was angered and he was forced to fight his younger brother.
And the fight commenced. It was a fight between two strengths. With his club, Bulan hit Adlao,
but Adlao dodged the hit quickly. Then, Bulan used his bolo but again he missed Adlao. It was
Adlao’s turn to hit. So, with his club he hit with all his might, first the eye of Bulan, then the arm
of Bulan which became flat at the might of the stroke. Then with his bolo he cut Bulan’s flattened
arm. When Bulan’s eye was hit and his arm was flattened and cut form his body, he cried with
pain. His tears fell on the cut flattened arm. As Bulan foresaw his defeat with only one arm and
one eye to fight with, he fled, and he was pursued by Adlao who was very angry and wanted to
kill Bulan. And they kept running on and on, chasing each other.
Now, the cut flattened arm of Bulanas well as his tears fell. Down and down those went until
they finally settled. The flattened arm of Bulan became the earth, and the tears became the
rivers and seas. Time came when two hairs sprang from Bulan’s cut arm and from those hairs
sprang man and woman.
Source: Ma. Lourdes Tayao, et.al. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World for
Senior High School.(Quezon City:C&E Publishing, Inc, 2017),p.16.

Have you understood the story? If you still need to read the text again, feel
free to do so until you grasp the entire essence of the legend. If you
succeeded in understanding the text, please take a look at the following
elements of short story.

Elements of Short Story

CHARACTER

Character is a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a
short story or a piece of literary work.
Main characters - those who are most important in the story
Minor characters - usually static or unchanging
Characters according to principality
1. Protagonist is the character with whom the reader empathizes
2. Antagonist is the character that goes against the protagonist

Characterization is the method used by the writer/author to reveal the personality of the
character/s. The characters are revealed according to:

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 1. actions of the character
2. thoughts of the character
3. descriptions of the character
4. descriptions of other characters
5. descriptions of the author

Source: Lorna Cammille Mina. “Elements of a Short Story.” Slideshare.

2012http://www.slideshare.net/lornacammille/elements-of-short-story?-from_action=save

Activity 5: ANALYZING CHARACTER PROFILE

Copy the format of the table on your answer sheet then answer every question given for
each name of character by writing it in every column. You will receive one point for every correct
answer and two points for the last column for any valid answer.

Name of What was his What was the How can he Why is knowing
Character weakness? consequence change his one’s
of his weakness? weakness/es
weakness? important?

➢ Bulan

➢ Adlao

Score
8-6 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
5 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

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 SETTING

Setting is the time and place that a story occurs.

Place - Geographical location. Where is the action of the story taking place?
Time - When is the story taking place? (historical period, time of day, year, etc.)

Weather Conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy, etc.?

Social Conditions -What is the daily life of the characters like? Does the story contain local
color (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular
place)?
Mood or Atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright
and cheerful or dark and frightening?
Authors often use descriptions of landscape, scenery, buildings, seasons or weather to
provide a strong sense of setting.

Source: Lorna Cammille Mina. “Elements of a Short Story.” Slideshare. 2012

http://www.slideshare.net/lornacammille/elements-of-short-story?-from_action=save

Activity 6: THE SEQUEL

As a millennial, you are aware of the stories with sequel. Why not try it to the story
you just previously read? Can you develop the next sequel of “On the Origin of Earth of Man,”
now that the earth and man have come to shape? What do you think will happen next? Please
introduce your trilogy with a vivid description of the setting. You can have your sequel with at
least two paragraphs.
Rubric:

Score 5 4 3 2 1

Content The setting, The setting, The setting, The setting, The setting,
character and character and character and character and character and
flow of the flow of the flow of the flow of the story flow of the
story are story are vivid, story are are not unique. story are not
vivid, unique unique and unique but not vivid, unique,
and well vividly and nor
excellently developed. excellently excellently
developed. developed. developed.

Score

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 5-4 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

PLOT

Plot is a pattern of events that develop from the interactions between characters.
A plot is a series of events and character actions that relate to the central conflict.
It is the main action that runs through the whole story.
There are 5 elements of plot:
o Exposition or introduction- the beginning of the story where the characters
and setting is revealed.
o Rising Action- this is where the events in the story become complicated and
the conflict in the story is revealed (events between the introduction and
climax)
o Climax- this is the highest point and the turning point of the story. The
readers wonder what will happen next; will the conflict be resolved or not?
o Falling Action- the events and complications begin to resolve themselves.
The reader knows what has happened next and if the conflict was resolved
or not (events between climax and resolution)
o Conclusion or Resolution- the part of the plot that concludes the falling
action by revealing or suggesting the outcome of the conflict.

Image Source: https://scriptmag.com/features/spec-scripts-fail-aristotle-part-2

Sources:
• Source: Lorna Cammille Mina. “Elements of a Short Story.” Slideshare. 2012
http://www.slideshare.net/lornacammille/elements-of-short-story?-from_action=save
• Paul Anthony Mendoza, et.al. 21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the
World. (Plaridel Bulacan: St. Andrew Publishing House, 2016).

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 • https://www.google.com/search?
q=freytag+pyramid&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjB5aqov6vqAh
UaxIsBHfu6CNMQ2cCegQIABAC&oq=freytag+pyramid&gs_lcp=ChJtb2JpbGUtZ3dzL
Xdpei1pbWcQARgAMgQIA
BBDMgQIABBDMgIIADICCAAyAggAOgcIIxDqAhAnOgQIIxAnOgUIABCxA1DW9hpYi
qkbYPa
0G2gBcAB4A4ABoQKIAfMhkgEGMC4yMi40mAEAoAEBsAEF&sclient=mobile-gws-
wizimg&ei=ZTb8XoGfMJqIr7wP-
_WimA0&bih=720&biw=393&prmd=imnv&hl=en#imgrc=wVO63sdc0yJu8M

Activity 7: WHAT HAPPENED?

Identify the parts of the plot in the story “On the Origin of Earth and Man” according to
Gustav Freytag’s Pyramidal structure of a plot.

Score
5-4 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

CONFLICT
Conflict is any of the problem that a character encounters in a story.
The conflict is a struggle between two people or things in a short story.
The main character is on one side of the main conflict.
Conflicts can be:
o 1. External – A struggle with a force outside one's self.
o 2. Internal – A struggle within one's self; a person must make some
decision, overcome pain, quiet their temper, resist an urge, etc.
Types of conflict

a. man vs. man - a type of conflict where one character in the story has a
problem with one or more of the other characters

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 b. man vs. society - a type of conflict where a character has a conflict or
problem with some element of society-the school, the law, the accepted
way of doing things, and so on
c. man vs. nature - a type of conflict where a character has a problem with
some natural happening: snowstorm, typhoon, avalanche, bitter cold, or
any elements common to nature.
d. man vs. self -is a type of conflict where a character has trouble deciding
what to do in a particular situation

Source: Lorna Cammille Mina. “Elements of a Short Story.” Slideshare. 2012

http://www.slideshare.net/lornacammille/elements-of-short-story?-from_action=save

Acitivty 8: CHECK THE CONFLICT

Analyze what type of conflict is present in the legend by accomplishing the

checklist. In your answer sheet, check the box that affirms the statements from story read and
cross-out the box that negates the statements from the story.

INTERNAL
Is the character having trouble against
himself?
Is the character making a decision?
Is the character suppressing his desire or
emotion?
Is the character making regrets?
EXTERNAL
Is the character having trouble against
another character?
Is the character insisting his desire or
emotion to another character?
Is the character against nature?
Is the character having conflict against the
society?

Score
8-6 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
4 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

THEME

Theme in a story is its underlying message, or big idea.

It pertains to critical belief about life is the author trying to convey in the writing of a
novel, play, short story or poem?
The theme may be the author's thoughts about a topic or view of human nature.

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 The theme is the controlling idea or the central insight. A theme can be expressed as a
general statement about people or life.
It is NOT plot summary.
It can be either directly or indirectly stated by the author. Most likely indirectly.

Subject-usually expressed in a word or two: love, childhood, or death

Source: Lorna Cammille Mina. “Elements of a Short Story.” Slideshare. 2012

http://www.slideshare.net/lornacammille/elements-of-short-story?-from_action=save
Learner’s Material English 7 First Edition. (Pasig City: Fep Printing Corp.2017)

Activity 9: FINDING CLUES FOR POV

What do you think is the point of view of the story based on the excerpt of the given
story? Pick out the pronouns used to serve as your clues in determining the point of view.

And the fight commenced. It was a fight between two strengths. With his club, Bulan hit
Adlao, but Adlao dodged the hit quickly. Then, Bulan used his bolo but again he missed
Adlao. It was Adlao’s turn to hit. So, with his club he hit with all his might, first the eye of
Bulan, then the armof Bulan which became flat at the might of the stroke.
Point of view: ________________ ___________________________

POINT OF VIEW
Point of view-the angle from which the story is told.
There are four types of Point of View:

1. First person POV–first person is when “I” am telling the story, relating his or her
experiences directly.
2. Second person POV- the story is told to “you.” This POV is not common in fiction, but
it’s still good to know (it is common in nonfiction)

3. Third person POV limited- the story is about “he” or “she.” This is the most common
point of view in commercial fiction. The narrator is outside of the story and relating the
experiences of a character.

4.Third person POV omniscient- the story is still about “he”or “she”, but the narrator has
full access to the thoughts and experiences of all characters in the story.
Source: Bunting, Joey. http://thewriterpractice.com/point-of-view-guide/

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Activity 10: Subject VS Theme

Based on the story you read, ask yourself “Why is the writer telling me this? What
has the writer learned from this experience or situation?” Read the first and last paragraph.
Sometimes the writer makes a comment that strongly suggests the main idea or the theme.
Copy the worksheet in your answer sheet, then fill out the subject vs theme worksheet with
possible subject and their corresponding theme about the legend.

Background photo source:

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/kxMqBmGKIggqOkgOpV1ePX_Yeemwm0QjYlvU1KN1Pjg
gFAx5_KB3GGqW RkcTsJJycGd4=s170
Worksheet reference:Learner’s Material English 7 First Edition (2017).DepEd FEP Printing
Corp.

Score
6-4 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

LITERARY TRADITION

One of the most fascinating and challenging aspects of literature is the vastness of its historic
and geographic range. This means that through literary texts, twenty-first century readers like us
can have access to the lives and thoughts, sorrows and pleasures, fears and desires not only of
men and women around us, but also those of people who lived hundreds of years before us or
hundreds of kilometers away from us, and may not even have shared a language with us. As
opposed to the oral transmission of information, when knowledge is passed on by way of mouth,
writing —or literacy —does not depend on the direct contact between the ‘sender’ and the

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‘receiver’. Although none of us can hope to be able to talk to the writers of the Odyssey, the
Bible, Beowulf, Hamlet, Pride and Prejudice or even Yesterday in this life any more, we can all
engage with their views by reading what they wrote. In this sense, literature helps transcend
temporal as well as geographic (and even linguistic) discontinuities.
In one sense, literary tradition simply means such an accumulative process of handing down
texts for future generations. In another sense, however, tradition often involves a selective
process whereby the most important (most ‘valuable’) works are singled out as the ones that
each generation should know.
Have you ever wondered how stories of before become known until today.
Source:
https://btk.ppke.hu/uploads/articles/135505/file/introducti
on/satellite/literature _and_tradition.html#:~:text=In
%20one%20sense%2C%20literary%20traditio n,that
%20each%20generation%20should%20know.

Oral tradition, also called orality, the first and still most widespread mode of human
communication. Far more than “just talking,” oral tradition refers to a dynamic and
highly diverse oral-aural medium for evolving, storing, and transmitting knowledge, art,
and ideas. It is typically contrasted with literacy, with which it can and does interact in
myriad ways, and also with literature, which it dwarfs in size, diversity, and social
function.
Source: Fole y, John Miles Foley, 2020. https://www.britannica.com/topic/oral-tradition

Oral Tradition is a form of human communication in knowledge, art, ideas and

cultural material is received, preserved and transmitted verbally from one generation to
another. This transmission may include speech, song, folktales, ballads, chants, prose or
verses.
Oral Tradition is information, memories and knowledge held in common by a group
of people, over many generations, and it is not same as testimony or Oral History. In
general sense, “oral tradition “refers to the recall and transmission of a specific, preserved
textual and culture knowledge through vocal utterance. As an academic discipline, it refers
both to object of study and a method by which they are studied.
Now Written history/tradition which is also known as recorded history. It's a
historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication.
Recorded history can be contrasted with other narratives of the past, such mythological or
archeological traditions.
It begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium BC, and
coincides with the invention of writing. Examples of written texts.

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 The interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method, or the set of
techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to
research and then to write accounts of the past.
It is very clear that Written history holds more credibility than Oral traditions. Written
history is never going to change and says the story as it was at that point of time, however
this doesn't apply to Oral tradition.

Source: SwatiTiwari, 2017. https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-oral

tradition-and-written-history

Activity 11: Venn Diagram

Compare and contrast oral and written tradition through Venn Diagram.

Score
8-6 Congratulations! You receive two stars from this activity.
4 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

Acitivity 12: Literary Quest Worksheet

Using the story read, copy the format of the worksheet in your paper then, fill the information
required. Enjoy your literary quest! Do this on a piece of paper.

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 Worksheet background source: https://es.123rf.com/clipartvector/ivy_flower.html?
alttext=1&orderby=2&sti=nvj40mibzjk55o7z38

Score

12-8
Congratulations! You receive three stars from this activity.
7-4 You did quite good. You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

You are almost done with your learning quest and I think you enjoy your tasks. Answer the
questions below for us to know if you could still remember what you have learned in the first
part of this learning quest!

Activity 13: SUM IT UP

Answer the following questions. If you get all the literary elements, structure and tradition
correct, you will receive 3 points. Missing one to two literary elements, structure, and tradition is
equivalent to two points and 1 point if you missed more than three. For item number two,
comprehensive justification will be two points and 1 point for quite comprehensive explanation.
1. What are the literary elements? Structure? And tradition of s short story?
2. Why do you need to learn the literary elements, structure and tradition in reading literature?

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 Score

5
Congratulations! You receive three stars from this activity.
4 You did quite good. You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

Congratulations! You have come this far in your learning adventure. And I
think you are now ready for the real world! To verify this, can you please do the next task.

Activity 14: My Amazing Community

As an individual who is a part of the community, you should know the historical background of
your barangay according to the following phases: a. history(plot structure); b.professionals
(characters); c. geography(setting); d. how does the story has been passed down to today’s
generation. (tradition). You may interview your parents, grandparents or a barangay official for
the information. Please observe physical distancing and wear your face mask in doing it. Good
luck!Copy the format of the worksheet in a piece of paper.

Worksheet background source: Pooja Jaisingh,

https://www.lynda.com/Captivatetutorials/Welcome/599612/641223-4.html

Excellent! And now I can say that you really apply the literary elements, structure and tradition in
22the
| P story
a g e that you learned. I am looking forward to your next Congratulations! You receive three
stars from this activity.
 IV. Assessment

Activity 15: FINALLY!

Write agree in your answer sheet if the statement is correct and disagree if it is
incorrect. Please refer to the story in the pre-test to answer the assessment.

STATEMENT AGREE/DISAGRREE

1.Lirio, a deaf-mute who is a victim of marital rape, is the major

character in which every detail of the story affects her.
2.Theme that can be derived from the story islove is not about
obsession but appreciation.
3. Barrio Jardin, a small town setting which represents a tightly
knit community which has a distinct identity of which Lirio,
fortunately or unfortunately has differed from the rest.
4.The gathering of the butterflies serves as leitmotif (recurrent
theme or image) in the story as a swarm of butterflies traverses
the entire story.
5.The story plot has an allusion to a Greek love story of god
Apollo and Daphne, who was turned into a laurel tree as she tried
to evade the sun god’s amorous advances.
6.Nanay Rosa and Tatay Manuel are protagonist in the story.

7.The highest point of the story is when Itik pointed the gun at his
wife, then she uttered, “Lord, I want to be a lily,” and there was
lightning and thunder.
8.The point of view of the story is third person limited.
9.Man VS nature is the kind of conflict that is present in the story.

10.The author won his first Palanca gold medal or his

magical realistic Hiligaynon, short story “Lirio.”

Score

10-8
Congratulations! You receive three stars from this activity.

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 7-4 You did quite good. You receive two stars from this activity.
3 and below Try a little harder in the next quest. You still receive one star.

Activity 1. FACT OR BLUFF Activity 2. 4 WORDS 1 GENRE

1.Fact 6.Bluff 1.Chick lit

2.Bluff 7.Fact 2.Folktales
3.Fact 8.Bluff 3.Manga
4.Fact 9.Bluff 4.Text-talk
novels
5.Bluff 10.Fact 5.Epic

Activity 3. WE ARE ALIKE Activity 5. CHARACTER CHECK

1.begin

2.crushed

3.throw

4.avoided

5.hunting

Activity 8. CHECK THE CONFLICT Activity 9. FINDING CLUES FOR POV

INTERNAL EXTERNAL

X Is the character having / Is the character having trouble

trouble against himself? against another character?

X Is the character making a / Is the character insisting his

decision? desire or emotion to another
character?
X Is the character suppressing X Is the character against
his desire or emotion? nature?

x Is the character making X Is the character having conflict

regrets? against the society?
Point of view: Third person point of view limited

Activity 16. FINALLY

1.Agree
2.Agree
3.Agree
4.Agree

5.Agree

6.Disagree

7.Agree

8.Agree

9.Disagree

10.Agree

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