Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Learning Discipline and Ideas in the Social Grade 11

Week 6 & 7 Area Sciences HUMSS
Quarter 2nd Quarter
I. LESSON TITLE Indigenous Peoples of Luzon
II. MOST ESSENTIAL Evaluate the roles and significance of Filipinos’ indigenous social
LEARNING ideas to national development.
COMPETENCIES (MELCs)
III. CONTENT The learners demonstrate an understanding of the roles and
significance of Filipinos’ indigenous social ideas to national
development.
IV. LEARNING PHASES
A. INTRODUCTION
Good day learners! Welcome to another fun learning experiences.

Indigenous Peoples (Anthropological definition)

• The original inhabitants of particular territories.
• Often descendants of tribes people who live on as culturally distinct colonized peoples, many
of whom aspire to autonomy.

As defined by Republic Act 8371

• A group of people or homogenous societies, identified by self-ascription and ascription by
others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and
defined territory.
• Through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads

Different Indigenous Community in Luzon

1. NEGRITO
➢ The name Negrito means “little black people” in Spanish.
➢ The Negritos are the aboriginal people of the Philippines. They are believed to have
come to the Philippines from mainland Asia approximately 30,000 years ago.
➢ Negrito groups in Luzon: Agta, Alta, Arta, Atta, Ayta, Batak, Dumagat, and Remontado.

Negrito Culture
• Traditionally engaged in hunting-gathering.
• The Agta of northern Sierra Madre are still nomadic while the rest are semi-nomadic or
semi-sedentary.
• Have lost their original languages and now speak languages borrowed from
neighbouring population.

2. IBANAGIC GROUPS
➢ Ibanagic groups: Itbayaten, Ivatan, and Ibatan
➢ These ethnic groups are found in Batanes and Babuyan Islands.
➢ They speak Ibanagic languages
➢ A related group is the Y’ami of Orchid Island in Taiwan.

Dagatan National High School

Dagatan, Taysan, Batangas
09989601523
dagatannhs_taysan@yahoo.com
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

Ivatan cultural adaptation to typhoons:

• Practice of land fragmentation
• Multiple cropping
• Preference for root crops: different varieties of yam, taro, sweet potato
• Vutalaw trees planted around garden plots as windbreakers.
• Ivatan houses are made of stone with thick cogon roofs.

Ivatan terms related to typhoons:

• Anin – a very strong wind that causes destruction and even death.
• Anin du vanveyeh – winds strong enough to destroy coconut palms.
• Adipogpog – tornado without rain
• Dipanchi - a sudden heavy rain with strong wind which suddenly stops and changes to a
sunny day and then back again to rain.
• Nisu – a windy day without rain.
• Salawsaw – bad weather or windy day with rain.

Indigenous omens of impending typhoon:

• Du taw (sea sign) – very fast running waves moving in straight lines.
• Du araw (sun sign) – the horizon’s color becomes yellowish, then brownish, and then still darker.
• Clouds become thick, covering Mt. Iraya almost entirely and move very fast.

3. CORDILLERA PEOPLES
➢ Indigenous people of the Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) in Northern Luzon.
➢ They inhabit the Gran Cordillera Central – the biggest mountain range in the country.
➢ The Philippine Constitution guarantees the establishment of an autonomous region for the
Cordillera.
➢ CAR Provinces: Abra, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and the
capital is Baguio
➢ Cordillera People: Bontok, Ibaloy, Ifugao, Isnag, Itneg (Tinguian), I’wak, Kalanguya,
Kalinga, and Kankanaey

Cordillera Culture
• Consists of autonomous villages called ili.
• Elders sitting as a council act as leaders of these villages.
• Traditionally, endemic warfare in the area because of the practice of head-taking.
• Peace is maintained through bilateral peacepacts between villages

Concepts of land use and ownership among the Kalinga:

• Rice terraces are family owned
• Swidden Fields are owned through usufruct
• Woodlands are owned by the kin group
• Forests are communally owned
• Burial grounds are owned by spirits
• Residential areas are privately owned.

4. Indigenous peoples of Cagayan Valley

➢ Bungkalot, Gaddang, Ibanag, Isinay, Itawis, Malaweg, at Yogad

Dagatan National High School

Dagatan, Taysan, Batangas
09989601523
dagatannhs_taysan@yahoo.com
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

The Ibanag of Cagayan is one of the early inhabitants who lived in villages. Not being nomads,
they engaged in agriculture, fishing and hunting as their means od subsistence. They fashioned
agricultural implements out of wood and metal, and constructed homes. They also cooked their
food in earthen pots and vessels made of clay.

5. Indigenous peoples of Mindoro Island (Mangyan)

➢ Alangan, Bangon, Buhid, Gubatnon, Hanunoo Mangyan, Iraya, Ratagnon, Tadyawan, at
Taubuid
➢ Mangyan is the generic name of these indigenous groups found in the island of Mindoro.

Traditional subsistence of Mangyan:

• Primarily swidden agriculturists
• Supplemented by hunting and gathering
• Semi-nomadic
• Strong attachment to the physical environment.
• Generally have sustainable subsistence practices (e.g. long fallow period, propagation of
biodiversity, etc.)

Mangyan learning systems:

• Strong oral traditions
• Hanunoo Mangyans have maintained their own syllabic script (Surat Mangyan)
• Learning by doing, e.g. learning as embedded in everyday economic activity, through
expressive art forms, etc, (e.g. ambahan).
• Have indigenous knowledge system and practices.

6. Indigenous peoples of Palawan

➢ Ke-ney, Pala’wan, Tagbanwa, and Tao’t Bato
➢ Same culture to the indigenous people of Mindoro (Mangyan)

Macli-ing Dulag – one of the most popular pangat (leader) of the Butbut tribe of Kalinga
province in the Philippines. He is best known for his opposition to the Chico River Dam Project,
which led to his assassination by armed forces under the command of then-President Ferdinand
Marcos. He is a hero in Kalinga land.
Famous line of Dulag:
“If the waters of Kayakayyam (their name of Chico River) and Pasil are dammed, who will
live in the dammed water? Crocodiles! Who will the crocodiles eat? People! I say to you the
question of the dams is not a political one. The question is life – our Kalinga life”
“And what is the most precious thing to a man? Life! If life is threatened, what ought to man
to do? And this he must do, otherwise he is dishonoured. That will be worse death then. If we do
not fight and the dams push through, we die anyway. If we fight, we die honourably. I exhort
you all then – Kayaw! (Struggle!)’
“And because we fight now, our children may win and keep this Kalinga land. And the land
shall become ever more sacred then, nourished by our sweat and blood. Then we who
sacrificed that, they may live and be secure and happy shall abide with them and nurture the
generations, guarding the fields, the pappayaw (rice terraces), the ili (villages), blessing their
lives ‘til endless time”
- February 1975

Dagatan National High School

Dagatan, Taysan, Batangas
09989601523
dagatannhs_taysan@yahoo.com
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

Problems faced by Indigenous Peoples:

• Displacement from their ancestral domains
• Loss of indigenous languages
• Large-scale mining projects
• Hydropower projects
• Armed conflict between Philippine military and rebel groups

ACTIVITIES
Activity I Choosing the Right One
Directions: Read each statement carefully and choose the best answer from the box below.

Mangyan Du Araw Ibanagic Groups Vutalaw Ibanag

Ifugao Negrito Macli-ing Dulag Du taw Gaddang
Pappayaw Anin Surat Mangyan Salawsaw ili
Gran Cordillera Central Ivatan People Indigenous People

1. These ethnic groups are found in Batanes and Babuyan Islands.

2. A group of people or homogenous societies, identified by self-ascription and ascription by
others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and
defined territory.
3. Ivatan term for a very strong wind that causes destruction and even death.
4. Ivatan term of impending typhoon that the horizon’s color becomes yellowish, then brownish, and
then still darker.
5. Ivatan term for a bad weather or windy day with rain.
6. The biggest mountain range in the country.
7. It is the generic name of the indigenous people or groups found in the island of Mindoro.
8. They are the aboriginal people of the Philippines and their name means “little black people”
in Spanish.
9. They are one of the early inhabitants who lived in villages from Cagayan Valley.
10. Own syllabic script maintained by Hanunoo Mangyans.
11. A kind of trees planted by Ivatan people around the garden plots as windbreakers.
12. Their houses are made of stone with thick cogon roofs.
13. Kalinga term for rice terraces.
14. He is the most popular pangat (leader) of the Butbut tribe of Kalinga province in the
Philippines.
15. A Cordillera term for autonomous villages.

Activity 2 True or False

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if
the statement is wrong.
1. In Cordillera culture, elders sitting as a council act as leaders of these villages.
2. Ivatan houses are made of stone with thick cogon roofs because of their cultural adaptation
to flood.
3. The name Negrito means “little black people” in Spanish.
4. Ibanagic groups are found in Batanes and Babuyan Islands.
5. Ivatan terms Adipogpog means a windy day without rain.

Dagatan National High School

Dagatan, Taysan, Batangas
09989601523
dagatannhs_taysan@yahoo.com
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education

Activity 3 Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and analyze each statement. Write the letter of your answers.
1. These ethnic groups speak Ibanagic languages EXCEPT.
A. Itbayaten C. Ivatan
B. Ibaloy D. Ibatan
2. Tagbanwa is one of the ethnic groups from ________.
A. Palawan C. Cagayan Valley
B. Mindoro D. Cordillera
3. The Negritos are believed to have come to the Philippines from mainland Asia approximately
_______ years ago.
A. 10,000 years ago C. 30,000 years ago
B. 20,000 years ago D. 40,000 years ago
4. The following are the Mangyan learning systems EXCEPT.
A. Strong oral traditions
B. K to 12 Program of education
C. Their own syllabic script (Surat Mangyan)
D. Learning by doing
5. These are the problems faced by Indigenous Peoples EXCEPT.
A. Displacement from their ancestral domains
B. Loss of indigenous languages
C. Armed conflict between Philippine military and rebel groups
D. Lack of academic education

Activity 4 VALUING

1. What do you think is the significance of studying Indigenous Peoples?

2. As a student, How can you help indigenous community?

Dagatan National High School

Dagatan, Taysan, Batangas
09989601523
dagatannhs_taysan@yahoo.com