APPENDIX 1.

Selected physical constants, useful quantities and conversion factors.

Avogadro constant (NA) 6.0221 ´ 1023 mol-1

1 Atomic mass unit (u) 1.6605 ´ 10-27 kg
8.314 J K-1 mol-1
Gas constant (R)
or 0.08206 L atm K-1 mol-1

Speed of light (c) 2.9979 ´ 108 m s-1

Planck constant (h) 6.6261 ´ 10-34 J s photon-1
Rydberg constant (Â ) 3.29 ´ 1015 Hz
Mass of an electron (me) 9.109 ´ 10-31 kg
Bohr radius (ao) 53 pm
1 Atmosphere (atm) 101 325 Pa = 760 mm Hg
1 Bar 100 kPa = 0.987 atm
Faraday constant (F) 9.6485 ´ 104 C mol-1
RT/F (at 298 K) 0.0257 V
2.303 RT/F (at 298 K) 0.0592 V
Absolute zero, 0 K -273.15 °C
Specific heat of water 4.18 J g-1 ºC-1

Molar Masses Selected Standard Reduction Potentials

Element M/g mol-1
H 1.008
Half Reaction E° / V
He 4.00
C 12.01 O2 + 4H+ + 4e- ® 2H2O 1.23 V
N 14.01 I2 + 2e- ® 2I- 0.54 V
O 16.00
Na 22.99 Cu2+ + 2e- ® Cu 0.34 V
Mg 24.31 2H+ + 2e- ® H2 0.00 V
S 32.07
Cl 35.45 Cd2+ + 2e- ® Cd -0.40 V
Ca 40.08 Zn2+ + 2e- ® Zn -0.76 V
Cu 63.55
I 126.90 2H2O + 2e- ® H2 + OH- -0.83 V
Pu 244.00 Mg2+ + 2e- ® Mg -2.37 V

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APPENDIX 2: STRUCTURES OF THE NUCLEOBASES
NH2 O NH2 O O
N N N NH N NH NH

N N N N NH2 N O N O N O
H H H H H
adenine guanine cytosine thymine uracil

APPENDIX 3: STRUCTURES OF THE 20 COMMON AMINO ACIDS

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APPENDIX 4: THE D-ALDOHEXOSE “FAMILY TREE”

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Appendix 5: PERIODIC TABLE

(294)
Og
(294)
Ts
(293)
Lv
(289)
Mc
(289)
Fl
(284)
Nh

© The University of Melbourne