MIDTERM Exam

eBA 201 Managerial Statistics

Name: Elver Derequito Course: eMBA- Enterprise Management

1. Discuss the connection of statistics to your research. Important points

a. Problem statement
b. Related literature
c. Conceptual framework
d. Levels of measurement
e. Appropriate statistical tool/s

Statistics play a big role and function in research.It is a tool in designing

research, analysing its data and drawing conclusions therefrom. If the researcher had a
problem in mind to study, the statistical tool might be one of the things the researcher
will consider with the problem statement. Then the researcher can use the problem
statement or some other research to find relevant information or related literature to his
research problem. With this, the data and statistical tools used in other literature might
help you be a benchmark of what statistical tool to use or what data they used to
quantify and gather data. For instance, the variable used in the related literature was
almost the same as his or her current study and the statistical tool used was getting the
mean or the variable. Not only that but he or she can also learn from those statistical
data used on how it was interpreted and presented that might help his or her research in
some way if ever some variables are related.
In regards to designing, not only you can brainstorm what statistical tool to use
upon knowing the problem statement but you also need a conceptual framework in
order for you to gather data by using statistics as well as how to present it in such a way
readers can easily understand. In simpler terms statistics can be used or contribute to
designing the research or to where your research direction would go. For example the
research problem needs to identify first the sample population of how many should
participate in the research then after that, in order to get the variables using by
anchoring in a theory,what the researcher needs is some qualitative data before the
creation of his or her survey in doing the research to have quantitative data.
So by knowing those tools to use you will also be able to know what levels of
measurement are used towards your research or the variables. To give a clear idea one
part of you research is in the survey questionnaire is the Sex of the sample population
and then in order to analyse the data we should know that the level of measurement of
this is nominal as this are data that are named or identified bu cannot overlap. then we
use the statistical tool by either getting the mean of the population.
I cannot reiterate enough as stated a couple of times above that by identifying
the variables as well as the level of measurement this will determine what statistical
tools to be used in order to analyse the data in order to create a resolution or answer to
the problem statement later on in the research process.

2. XYZ Company, owned by Mr. Juan, is a new restaurant in Davao City. It is an

eat-all-you can restaurant located in Torres Street. Due to the presence of many
restaurants and bars in the area, Mr. Juan was worried that his restaurant might not
survive the competition. This prompted him to conduct a survey to know which
among the 4Ps of marketing his customers prefer. The following are the results of
the survey (refer to the dataset below): Based on the survey, provide the following:
a. What is the level of measurement of the following:
a. Education - Nominal
b. Sex - Nominal
c. Product Quality - Ordinal - Scale
d. Competitive Price - Ordinal - Scale
e. Accessibility - Ordinal - Scale
f. Advertising Capability - Ordinal - Scale
g. Customer Satisfaction - Ordinal - Scale

b. Provide the measures of central tendency of the following:

Variables Mean Median Mode
a. Product Quality 7.81 8 8.7
b. Competitive Price 5.365 5.4 5.1
c. Accessibility 4.01 4 3.5
d. Advertising 6.974 7.1 6.8
Capability
e. Customer 6.918 7.05 7.6
Satisfaction

c. Provide the measures of variability of the following:

Standard
Variables Range Variance
Deviation
 a. Product Quality 5 1.949 1.396
b. Competitive Price 7.2 2.34 1.53
c. Accessibility 4.6 1.27 1.1126
d. Advertising 6.2 2.387 1.545
Capability
e. Customer 5.2 1.42 1.19
Satisfaction

d. If Mr. Juan wanted to know if there is a relationship between the variables

Product Quality, Competitive Price, Accessibility, and Advertising Capability
towards Customer Satisfaction what appropriate statistical tool should be used?
Explain

The appropriate statistical tool that Mr Juan should use if he wanted to know the
relationship between the variables being stated is the Coefficient of Variation or also
known as Covariance. Covariance is a statistical tool that is used to determine the
relationship between the movement of two variables. When two variables tend to move
together, they are seen as having a positive covariance or it has a positive relationship;
when they move inversely, the covariance is negative or it has a negative relationship.
In a simpler sense, if the value upon using covariance is positive and higher than
compared to other variables with one constant variable used so for Mr Juan it is
Customer Satisfaction, then meaning it has a higher relationship than the rest of the
other variables.

e. In relation to question 2d, what is the r value between:

a. Customer Satisfaction and Product Quality
r = 0.80122
b. Customer Satisfaction and Competitive Price
r=0.20333
c. Customer Satisfaction and Accessibility
r=0.40512
d. Customer Satisfaction and Advertising Capability
r= -0.379732

f. In relation to your answer in question 2e, which has the highest relationship
toward Customer Satisfaction? Which has the lowest relationship? Explain
 The one that has the highest relationship towards customer satisfaction is
Product Quality. On the other hand, the Advertising Capability is the one with the lowest
relationship. Upon doing both the excel data analysis of covariance as well as in SPSS,
the results that came up with the following in a descending order, the highest one with a
relationship towards Customer Satisfaction is Product Quality with r = 0.80122, followed
by Accessibility at r=0.40512, Competitive Price r=0.20333 and lastly the one with the
lowest relationship and has a negative value was the Advertising Capability r=
-0.379732. The higher the value towards the Customer Satisfaction the strength of the
relationship between the two is high or on the positive side. While the Advertising
Capability has a negative relationship towards Customer Satisfaction as the value was
farther from each other if being plotted.
To describe the relationship meaning the higher the Product Quality the higher
the Customer Satisfaction it would equate while the lower end the Advertising capability
has a low correlation with the customer satisfaction.

Dataset
Educatio Advertising Customer
ID Sex Product Quality Competitive Price Accessibility
n Capability Satisfaction
1 2 0 8.50 2.50 4.80 6.80 8.2
2 3 1 8.20 5.10 3.40 5.30 5.7
3 3 0 9.20 5.60 5.40 4.50 8.9
4 1 1 6.40 7.00 4.70 8.80 4.8
5 2 0 9.00 5.20 2.20 6.80 7.1
6 1 1 6.50 3.10 4.00 8.50 4.7
7 1 1 6.90 5.00 2.10 8.90 5.7
8 2 0 6.20 3.90 4.60 6.90 6.3
9 2 1 5.80 5.10 3.70 9.30 7
10 1 0 6.40 5.10 4.70 8.40 5.5
11 3 0 8.70 4.60 2.70 6.80 7.4
12 1 0 6.10 6.30 4.40 8.20 6
13 1 1 9.50 4.60 5.00 7.60 8.4
14 3 1 9.20 5.70 2.40 7.10 7.6
15 2 0 6.30 4.70 4.50 8.80 8
16 3 0 8.70 4.00 3.20 4.90 6.6
17 2 1 5.70 6.70 3.30 6.20 6.4
18 2 0 5.90 5.50 3.50 8.40 7.4
19 2 1 5.60 5.10 3.70 9.10 6.8
20 3 0 9.10 3.60 5.30 8.40 7.6
21 1 0 5.20 7.10 3.90 8.40 5.4
22 3 1 9.60 6.80 5.40 4.50 9.9
23 2 0 8.60 7.40 3.50 3.70 7
24 3 0 9.30 2.60 2.20 6.20 8.6
25 1 0 6.00 5.30 3.50 8.00 4.8
26 2 0 6.40 6.60 4.00 7.10 6.6
27 3 0 8.50 7.20 4.10 4.80 6.3
28 1 1 7.00 5.40 2.60 9.00 5.4
29 3 0 8.50 5.70 2.30 4.80 6.3
30 1 1 7.60 3.00 5.10 7.70 5.4
31 1 1 6.90 8.50 4.50 5.20 6.1
32 1 0 8.10 7.20 2.30 6.60 6.4
33 1 1 6.70 6.50 5.30 9.20 5.4
34 2 1 8.00 6.10 5.50 8.70 7.3
35 1 0 6.70 5.20 3.00 8.40 6.3
36 1 0 8.70 6.10 3.50 5.60 5.4
37 2 0 9.00 5.90 3.90 6.80 7.1
38 3 0 9.60 6.20 2.90 7.70 8.7
39 2 1 8.20 3.90 5.80 9.00 7.6
40 1 0 6.10 3.00 5.10 8.20 6
41 2 1 8.30 3.30 3.10 9.10 7
42 2 1 9.40 4.70 3.80 8.50 7.6
43 3 0 9.30 4.60 5.80 7.40 8.9
44 2 1 5.10 6.60 4.40 5.90 7.6
45 3 1 8.00 4.70 3.60 5.20 5.5
46 2 0 5.90 5.70 5.80 8.40 7.4
47 3 1 10.00 7.10 2.90 3.80 7.1
48 2 1 5.70 6.80 5.70 8.20 7.6
49 3 0 9.90 3.70 4.20 6.80 8.7
50 3 1 7.90 4.30 4.40 4.70 8.6
51 1 0 6.70 5.90 3.40 7.20 5.4
52 3 1 8.20 3.70 2.70 5.30 5.7
53 3 0 9.40 4.80 3.20 6.30 8.7
54 1 1 6.90 5.70 3.30 5.20 6.1
55 2 1 8.00 3.80 3.20 8.70 7.3
56 3 1 9.30 7.30 3.70 7.40 7.7
57 2 0 7.40 4.80 4.50 9.60 9
58 3 1 7.60 5.20 5.60 4.40 8.2
59 3 1 10.00 5.30 4.20 3.80 7.1
60 3 1 9.90 7.20 2.60 5.40 7.9
61 3 0 8.70 8.40 2.80 4.90 6.6
62 2 0 8.40 6.70 4.50 6.70 8
63 1 0 8.80 3.80 4.30 5.80 6.3
64 1 0 7.70 6.30 2.40 6.20 6
65 1 0 6.60 5.80 4.90 7.20 5.4
66 2 1 5.70 3.50 5.40 8.20 7.6
67 2 1 5.70 7.90 2.70 6.20 6.4
68 2 1 5.50 4.70 4.30 6.00 6.1
69 1 1 7.50 3.80 2.90 7.60 5.2
70 2 0 6.40 2.70 3.90 7.10 6.6
71 3 0 9.10 6.10 6.30 8.40 7.6
72 1 1 6.70 3.00 4.80 5.00 5.8
73 2 0 6.50 2.70 6.50 8.70 7.9
74 3 0 9.90 7.50 5.60 6.80 8.6
75 2 0 8.50 5.30 5.00 6.80 8.2
76 3 0 9.90 6.80 5.40 4.90 7.1
77 1 0 7.60 7.60 4.70 7.40 6.4
78 2 1 9.40 7.00 4.70 8.50 7.6
79 3 0 9.30 6.30 5.50 4.60 8.9
80 1 1 7.10 4.90 4.00 7.80 5.7
81 3 0 9.90 7.40 4.00 4.90 7.1
82 3 0 8.70 6.40 2.40 6.80 7.4
83 2 0 8.60 5.80 2.90 6.30 6.6
84 1 1 6.40 6.70 2.20 8.40 5
85 2 0 7.70 6.70 1.90 5.90 8.2
86 1 1 7.50 4.10 3.50 7.60 5.2
87 1 0 5.00 1.30 3.50 8.20 5.2
88 2 0 7.70 8.00 3.50 5.90 8.2
89 2 1 9.10 5.50 4.20 8.30 7.3
90 2 1 5.50 7.70 5.60 6.30 8.2
91 3 1 9.10 7.00 4.40 7.30 7.4
92 1 1 7.10 4.10 2.10 9.90 4.8
93 3 1 9.20 4.60 4.20 7.10 7.6
94 3 0 9.30 5.40 4.60 4.60 8.9
95 3 1 9.30 4.00 4.70 7.40 7.7
96 1 1 8.60 5.60 2.30 6.70 7.3
97 1 0 7.40 2.60 4.10 7.20 6.3
98 1 0 8.70 3.30 3.10 5.60 5.4
99 2 1 7.80 5.80 5.20 7.90 6.4
10
0 2 1 7.90 4.40 5.90 9.70 6.4

Education:
1 = elementary
2 = high school
3 = college

Sex:
1 = male
2 = female

Basis for scoring:

- 1 point for each correct answer.
- 5 points for essay questions. Basis for scoring for Q1, Q2.d and Q2.f:
Scoring for item 1
Criteria Distinguished Proficient Basic Unacceptable
Depth and 5 points 4 points 3 points 2 points
Accuracy ● Student provides an ● For the most ● Explanations ● Explanations
(5 points) accurate and part, are lacking. are
complete explanation explanations inaccurate or
of key concepts. are accurate. incomplete.