PASSIVE VOICE (CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)

 Công thức chung: BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Câu bị động là loại câu được sử dụng khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào bản thân một hành động, chủ thể thực
hiện hành động hay tác nhân gây ra hành động đó không quá quan trọng. 

1. Quy tắc chuyển đổi:

- Tân ngữ của câu chủ động làm chủ ngữ của câu bị động.
- BE được chia theo thì của động từ ở câu chủ động.

Ví dụ: Active:Jack opens the door.

Passive: The door is opened by Jack.

2. Hình thức thể bị động của các thì và cấu trúc:

Thì Cấu trúc câu bị Ví dụ câu bị động

động

Thì hiện tại đơn  S + am/is/are + PP Ex: He waters flowers everyday. -> Flowers are watered everyday.
(Simple Present): + (by +O). 1.This well- known library attracts many people.
=>.......................................................................................................................
2. We don't often help her with the housework
.=>.......................................................................................................................
3. Do they grow rice and wheat in the North of England?
=>.......................................................................................................................

Thì quá khứ đơn S + was/were + PP Ex: The storm destroyed the city last night. -> The city was destroyed by the storm last
(Past Simple): +(by +O). night.
1.They didn’t allow Tom to take these books home =>
.................................................................................................................................
2.No one could find my key =>
.........................................................................................................................................
3. When did they found this organization? .
=>...................................................................................................................................
4.They didn't look after the children properly =>
.........................................................................................................................................
5.Nobody swept this street last week =>
..........................................................................................................................................

Thì hiện tại tiếp S + am/is/are + Ex: We are taking the kids to the zoo. -> The kids are being taken to the zoo (by us).
diễn (Present being + PP +(by 1. He is preparing everything for the presidential election.
Continuous): +O). =>......................................................................................................................
2.Is she translating an article from English into Vietnamese? =>
.................................................................................................................
3.The Prime Minister isn't making a speech at the moment. =>
...................................................................................................................
4. They are doing a physical experiment in the
laboratory.
=>.....................................................................................................................
5. Are they digging a pond in the garden?
=>...............................................................................................................................
Thì quá khứ tiếp S + was/were + Ex: They were decorating the house when we came -> The house was being decorated
diễn (Past being + PP +(by when we came.
Continuous): +O). 1.Tom was writing 2 poems =>
..........................................................................................................................................
2.Workers were digging a larger hole in the ground=>
...............................................................................................................................
3.When I was there, they were building a bridge over the river =>
.............................................................................................................
4. Were they interviewing him when you came?=>
......................................................................................................................................
5.The statue broke while they were moving
it to another room in the museum.
=>...............................................................

Thì hiện tại hoàn S + have/has + been Ex: We have used this TV for 2 years. -> This TV has been used (by us) for 2 years.
thành  (Present + PP +(by +O). 1.A group of students have met their friend at the railway station =>
Perfect): ............................................................................................................
2. No one has ever known him to be dishonest =>
..........................................................................................................................................
3.Mr.Smith has taught us French for 2 years=>
..............................................................................................................................................
4. They have moved nothing in your room since they sent you to hospital.
=>........................................................................................................................................
5.Have you typed all the letters
=>.........................................................................................................................................

Thì quá khứ hoàn S + had + been + Ex: They had done the exercises. > The exercises had been done (by them).
thành  PP +(by +O). 1.After he had told a story , we clapped our hands=>
(Past Perfect): ........................................................................................................................................
2.They had taken the victim to hospital before the police came. =>
........................................................................................................
3. Had they pulled down the building to make way for a new road before you came
back?
=>.....................................................................................................................
4. She hadn't informed me of the date of the meeting before another classmate of mine
told me about it.
=>.......................................................................................................................................
5.Someone had invented electric lights before I was born . =>
......................................................................................................................

Thì tương lai đơn S + will + be + PP Ex: They will cut the grass tomorrow. -> The grass will be cut (by them) tomorrow.
(Simple Future): + (by +O). 1.The examiner will read the passage three times. =>
.....................................................................................................................................
2. They w ill pick me up at my house at 7 o'clock tomorrow morning. =>
......................................................................................................
3.The teacher won't correct exercise tomorrow=>
..........................................................................................................................................
4.My cousin will meet you at the station=>
...........................................................................................................................................
5.I will not forgive her for the serious mistake she has made. =>
...................................................................................................................
Thì tương lai gần S + be going to + Eg: We are going to make him the monitor of our class.
(Near Future): be + PP + (by +O). -> He is going to be made the monitor of our class by us.
1.Are they going to export more rice to Africa next year. =>
........................................................................................................................
2.How many exercises is the teacher going to give you ? =>
........................................................................................................................
3. We are going to make him the head of our class. =>
.................................................................................................................................
4. We aren't going to improve the public telephone service this year. =>
........................................................................................................
5. He isn't going to turn down the job they have offered him. =>
....................................................................................................................

Thì tương lai tiếp S + will + be + Ex: She will be cooking dinner when you come here tomorrow. -> Dinner will be being
diễn (Future being + PP + (by cooked (by her) when you come here tomorrow.
Continuous): +O).

Thì tương lai hoàn S + will + have + Ex: They will have finished the course by the end of this month. -> The course will have
thành (Future been + PP + (by been finished by the end of this month.
Perfect): +O). 1. By the time you come back here in 5 years' time, they will have knocked down those
slums.
=>......................................................................................................................................
2. " We will have liberated the South of Vietnam before the rainy season." The
commander said.
=>.....................................................................................................................................
3. By the end of this year, we will have upgraded all the roads in the city.
=>.....................................................................................................................................
4. Don't phone us at 10 pm tonight. I won't have finished my work by then.
=>.................................................................................................................................
5. How many letters will she have typed before the boss comes back?
=>.................................................................................................................................

Modal & S + should / may / 1.He can't repair my bike

Auxiliary verbs might / can / must/ =>......................................................................................................................................
had better/ 2.Our teacher used to forbid us to talk in class
have(has) to/ used =>.....................................................................................................................................
to/ …… + be + Vpp 3.My mother used to make clean the house
+ by + O =>.....................................................................................................................................
4.She can sew 3 shirts a day
=>...................................................................................................................
5 .He couldn't find his key
=>.................................................................................................................................
6. Did Mr John use to teach you English?
=>....................................................................................................................................
7.My classmates used to call me John
=>....................................................................................................................................
8.Mr. Brown will appoint Tom the director tomorrow
=>..................................................................................................................................
9.You should pay more attention to your study
=>.....................................................................................................................................
10.They can see the villey from the top of the hill
=>..................................................................................................................................
11.You must wash your hands
 =>.............................................................................................................
12.The computer can do all the accounts.
=>...................................................................................................................................
13.Children should treat old men with respect.
=>..........................................................................................................................
14.How many ways can you solve this problem?
=>..........................................................................................................................
15.You must keep dogs outside shops.
=>............................................................................................................
16.She didn’t use to make cloth puppets.
=>................................................................................................................................
17. We can't improve the public telephone service this year.
=>......................................................................................................................
18. You ought to do all the work on your own
=>.............................................................................................................................
19. Does she have to feed the pigeon twice a
day?..........................................................................................................................
20. They must report it to the police or it will be too late.
=>...........................................................................................................................

3. Một số lưu ý:
+ Vị trí của trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn, trạng từ chỉ thời gian và trạng từ chỉ thể cách trong câu thụ động.
S + be + pp + (adv. Of place) + by + O + (adv. Of time).
S + be + (adv. Of manner) + pp + by + O
Ví dụ:
Active: Mary bought this hat in Mexico last month.
Passive: This hat was bought in Mexico by Mary last month.
Active: Nam treats his dog badly.
Passive: His dog was badly treated by Nam.

+ Chủ ngữ I, you, he, she, it, we, they, one, people, someone, somebody, nobody, no one trong câu chủ động thường
được bỏ. Với nobody và no one, đổi động từ sang phủ định.
Ví dụ: Someone left this purse in a classroom.
-> This purse was left in a classroom.
Nobody saw him leaving the room
-> He wasn’t seen leaving the room.
+ Dùng with (không dùng by) để chì dụng cụ, công cụ hoặc nguyên liệu được sử dụng.
Ex: He was shot (by the policeman) with a rifle.
The room was filled with smoke.

4. Các dạng đặc biệt của câu bị động

4.1. Bị đôṇ g với những đô ̣ng từ có 2 tân ngữ
Mô ̣t số đông từ được theo sau nó bởi hai tân ngữ như: give (đưa), lend (cho
mượn), send (gửi), show (chỉ), buy (mua), make (làm), get (cho), … thì ta sẽ có 2 câu bị đô ̣ng.
Ví dụ:
     I gave him an apple. (Tôi đã cho anh ấy một quả táo.)
                O1      O2
=> An apple was given to him. (Một quả táo đã được trao cho anh ta.)
=> He was given an apple by me. (Anh ta đã được tôi trao cho một quả táo)
+ Lưu ý: Khi dùng câu bị đô ̣ng loại này, ta phải thêm giới từ ‘to’ hoă ̣c ‘for’ trước tân ngữ chỉ người
-       Dùng ‘to’ khi các động từ là: give, lend, send, show, ….
Ví dụ:
John will give me this book. (John sẽ đưa tôi cuốn sách này.)
  This book will be given to me by John. (Cuốn sách này sẽ được đưa cho tôi bởi John.
-       Dùng ‘for’ khi các động từ là: buy, make, get, …..
          Ví dụ:
           He bought her a rose. (Anh ấy mua cho cô ấy một bông hoa hồng.)
 A rose was bought for her. (Một bông hoa hồng sẽ được mua cho cô ấy.)
1. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
=>
=>
2. The teacher gave each of us two exercise books.
=>
=>
3. Someone will tell him that news.
=>
=>
4. They have sent enough money to those poor boys.
=>
=>
5. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
=>
=>
 
4.2. Bị động với các động từ chỉ quan điểm, ý kiến
Một số động từ chỉ quan điểm ý kiến thông dụng là: think/say/suppose/believe/consider/report…(nghĩ rằng/nói
rằng/cho rằng/tin rằng/xem xét rằng/thông báo rằng….)
Cấu trúc:

Chủ động S1 + think/believe... + that + S2 + V2

It is thought/believed …. + that + S2 + V2
S2 + to be + thought/believed +  to V2 (1)
Bị động
                                                                               to have PII (của V2) (2)
                                                                               be + V-ing (của V2) (3)   
Chú thích:
(1) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại đơn hoặc tương lai đơn
Ví dụ:
People believe that 13 is an unlucky number. (Mọi người tin rằng 13 là con số không may mắn.)
=> It is believed that 13 is an unlucky number.
=>13 is believed to be an unlucky number.     (13 được tin là một con số không may mắn.)

(2) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại hoàn thành, quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành
Ví dụ:
People think he stole his mother’s money. (Mọi người nghĩ anh ta lấy cắp tiền của mẹ anh ta.)
=>  It is thought that he stole his mother’s money.
=> He is thought to have stolen his mother’s money. (Anh ta được nghĩ rằng đã lấy cắp tiền của mẹ anh ta.)
(3) Khi V2 trong câu chủ động ở hiện tại tiếp diễn, quá khứ tiếp diễn
Ví dụ:
Everybody thinks that he is living in the US now. (Mọi người nghĩ rằng hiện giờ anh ta đang sống ở Mỹ.)
=>  It is thought that he is living in the US now.
=>  He is thought to be living in the US now. (Anh ta được cho là hiện đang sống ở Mỹ.)
1. They think that he has died a natural death.
=>
=>
2. Some people believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
=>
=>
3. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
=>
=>
4. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
 =>
=>
5. I knew that they had told him of the meeting.
=>
=>
6. They declared that she won the competition.
=>
=>
7. They rumored the man was still living.
=>
=>
8. People think that Jack London’s life and writing’s represent the American love of adventure.
=>
=>
9. They reported that the troops were coming.
=>
=>
10. People believed that the earth stood still.
=>
=>

4.3. Câu mệnh lệnh ở bị động

Cấu trúc
Chủ động V+O
Let + O + be + PII
Bị động
S + should/must + be + PII
 
Ví dụ:
- Clean the house! (Dọn nhà đi)
=>  Let the house be cleaned. (Ngôi nhà này nên được dọn dẹp.)
= The house should be cleaned. (Ngôi nhà này nên được dọn dẹp.)
- Don’t throw books away! (Đừng có vứt sách đi!)
=>  Let not books be thrown away. (Sách không được phép vứt đi.)
= Don't let books be thrown away. (Đừng để sách bị vứt đi.)
= Books mustn’t be thrown away. (Sách không được phép vứt đi.)
 
4.4. Bị động với các động từ ‘have/get’
Cấu trúc
Have + Sb + V+ St
Chủ động
Get + Sb + to V + St
Bị động Have/Get + St + PII 
 
 Trong cấu trúc trên có thể hiểu ‘have sb V st’ hoặc ‘get sb to V st’ là ‘bảo/nhờ ai đó làm gì’
Ví dụ:
- She has me write this letter. (Cô ấy nhờ tôi viết lá thư này.)
=> She has this letter written by me. (Lá thư này được cô ấy nhờ tôi viết.)
- My father gets me to read this newspaper. (Bố tôi nhờ tôi đọc tờ báo này.)
=> My father gets newspaper read by me. (Tờ báo này được bố tôi nhờ tôi đọc.)

1. Toshico  had  her car (repair)                      by a mechanic.

2. Ellen  got Marvin (type)                        her paper.
3. We  got  our house (paint)                       last week.
4. Dr Byrd is having the students   (write )                               a composition.
5. Mark  got  his transcripts (send)                             to the university.
6. Maria is having her  hair (cut)                             tomorrow.
7. Will Mr. Brown have the  porter (carry)                     his luggage to his car?

4.5. Bị đôṇ g với các đôṇ g từ chỉ giác quan
Các đô ̣ng từ giác quan là các đô ̣ng từ chỉ nhâ ̣n thức của con người như: see (nhìn), hear (nghe), watch (xem), look
(nhìn), notice (nhâ ̣n thấy), ….
Trong những cấu trúc sau đây, những đô ̣ng từ này được gọi là gọi ‘Vp’
4.5.1. Cấu trúc:  S + Vp + Sb + Ving. (nhìn/xem/nghe… ai đó đang làm gì)
Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì và chỉ thấy 1 phần của hành động hoặc 1 hành động đang diễn ra bị 1 hành
động khác xen vào.
Chủ động S + Vp + Sb + V-ing
Bị động S(sb) + to be + PII (of Vp) + V-ing
 
Ví dụ: - He watched them playing football. (Anh ta nhìn thấy họ đang đá bóng.)
=> They were watched playing football. (Họ được nhìn thấy đang đá bóng.)

4.5.2. Cấu trúc : S + Vp + Sb + V. (nhìn/xem/nghe ai đó làm gì)

Ai đó chứng kiến người khác làm gì từ đầu đến cuối.
Chủ động S + Vp + Sb + V
Bị động S(sb) + to be + PII (of Vp) + to + V
 
Ví dụ: - I heard her cry. (Tôi nghe thấy cô ấy khóc.)
=> She was heard to cry. (Cô ấy được nghe thấy là đã khóc.)
 
PRACTICE

1. Change into passive voice.

1. They built this school in 1997.
2. The students in my class are going to organize a surprise party tomorrow evening.
3. We will speak English at the conference.
4. They are painting the kitchen now.
5. Shakespeare wrote “Romeo & Juliet “ in 1605.
6. They have translated Shakespeare’s tragedies into many languages.
7. They have just built a new primary school in my village.
8. They believed that the earth stood still.
9. Jane hasn’t cleaned the floor yet.
10. They should repaint their house soon.
11. People say that John is the brightest student in class.
12. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
2. Complete the following passage with the correct tense in passive voice.
The world’s first electronic computer (build) .............................by the University of Pennsylvania in 1946. However,
computers (sell) ...................commercially for the first time in the 1950s. Much progress on computers
(make) ........................ since 1950. Computers are now much smaller and more powerful and they (can
buy ) ..........................much more cheaply.
Computers (use) ...............................in many fields - in business, science, medicine, and education, for example. They
(can use) ............................to forecast the weather or to control robots which make cars. The computer’s memory is the
place where information (store) .................................and calculations (do) ...............................A computer cannot think for
itself - it (must tell) ........................... .......exactly what to do. A lot of difficult calculations (can
do) .....................................very quickly on computers.
3. Choose the best answer.
1. These trees ........................everyday in summer.
a. should be watered b. should water
2. The floor .............................. by Jane yet.
a. have cleaned b. have been cleaned
3. The kitchen ........................now.
a. is painted b. is being painted
4. This machine mustn’t .................................... after 5:30 p.m.
a. used b. be used
5. Toothpaste ............................. at the drug store.
a. can be bought b. can bought
3. Choose the best answer
1. They spent a lot of money on food and clothes.
A. A lot of money on food were spent
C. A lot of money were spent on food and clothes
2. The restaurant serves seafood every Monday.
A. Seafood is served every Monday.
C. Seafood are served every Monday.
3. Mary informed the police of the news
A. The police was informed of the news.
C. The police were informed of the news.
4. The ambulance is taking the boy to hospital.
A. To the hospital is the boy being taken.
C. The boy is being taken to hospital.
5. The engineers will construct a bridge over this house.
A. This house will be constructed over a bridge.
C. This house will be being constructed over a bridge.
6. Someone has stolen his gun.
A. His gun has been stolen.
C. He has been stolen the gun.
7. We have to tell Mary about our change in plans
A. Mary has to be told about our change in plans.
C. Mary is told about our change in plans.
8. We thought you were serious when you said you were leaving. You were thought ___________
you were leaving
A. to have been serious B. to being serious C. to be serious
9. The directors have fired those lazy clerks
A. Those lazy clerks have been fired.
C. Those lazy clerks had been fired.
10. They didn’t explain anything about that .
A. Nothing was explained about that .
C. Anything wasn’t explained about that .
11.They showed his photograph on television.
A. On television they have his photograph shown.
C. His photograph is being shown on television.
12. We must find this killer.
A. This killer we must find.
C. This killer be found.
13. They signed the contract at lunchtime.
A. They were signed the contract at lunchtime.
C. The contract at lunchtime was signed .
14. Someone ought to do something about it.
A. Something about it ought to be done.
C. Something ought to be done about it.
15. People should send their complaints to the head office.
A. Their complaints were sent to the head office.
C. Their complaints should be sent to the head office.
c. should be water d. is watered
c. has been cleaned d. has been clean
c. are painting d. are being painted
c. being used d. is used
c. can be buy d. can buy
B. A lot of money was spent on food and clothes
D. Money was spent a lot on food and clothes
B. Seafood was served every Monday.
D. Seafood were served every Monday.
B. The news was informed of the police.
D. The police of the news was informed by Mary.
B. The boy is being taking to hospital.
D. The boy is taken to hospital.
B. A bridge will be constructed over this house.
D. A bridge will be being constructed over this house.
B. His gun has stolen.
D. The gun has been stolen him.
B. Our change in plans should be told for Mary.
D. Our change in plans is told to Mary.
when you said
D. to have been seriously
B. Those lazy clerks has been fired.
D. Those lazy clerks were fired .
B. That wasn’t explained anything by them .
D. Something wasn’t explained about that .
B. His photograph was shown on television.
D. The television was shown his photograph
B. This killer is found.
D. This killer must be found.
B. At lunchtime the contract were signed
D. The contract was signed at lunchtime
B. Someone ought to be done about it.
D. It ought to be done something by someone.
B. The head office was sent their complaints.
D. The head office should be sent complaints.
16. People don’t use this road very often.
A. This road don’t be used very often. B. This road is not used very often.
C. This road is used not very often. D. This road is not often used.
17. Miller has taken a lot of photographs
A. Photographs have been taken by Miller. B. Photographs have been taken a lot of by Miller.
C. A lot of photographs were taken by Miller. D. A lot of photographs have been taken by Miller.
18. The teacher gave us two very difficult exercises.
A. We were given two very difficult exercises. B. Two very difficult exercises were given to the
teacher.
C. Two very difficult exercises were given to us. D. Both (A) and (C) are correct.
19. They said that he was all right .
A. He said he was all right. B. They were said him was all right .
C. He was said he was all right. D. He was said to be all right .
20. The lawyer is interviewing the witness.
A. The witness is interviewed B. The witness is being interviewed
C. The lawyer is interviewed D. The lawyer is being interviewed
21. They are taking photographs of the event.
A. The event was taken photographs. B. The event is taken photographs.
C. Photographs are taken of the event. D. Photographs of the event are being taken.
22. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?
23. Nobody told me that George was ill.
A. I was told that George wasn't ill. B. I wasn't told that George was ill.
C. George wasn't told to be ill. D. George was told not to be ill.
24. His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
A. He was given a present when he retired.
B. A present was given by his colleagues when he retired.
C. He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired.
D. A present was given him when he retired.
25. We will send you the results as soon as they are ready.
A. You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready.
B. You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready by us.
C. The results will be sent you by us as soon as they are ready.
D. The results will be sent you as soon as they are ready by us.
26. Brian told me that somebody had attacked him in the street.
A. I was told by Brian that somebody had attacked him in the street.
B. I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street.
C. Brian told me to have been attacked in the street.
D. Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street.
27. They say that many people are homeless after the earthquake.
A. They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami.
B. They say many people to be homeless after the tsunami.
C. Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami.
D. Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami.
28. We’ll have to find a new secretary soon.
A. A new secretary has to be found soon. B. A new secretary must be found soon.
C. A new secretary is found soon. D. A new secretary will have to be found soon.
29. We cannot do it that way.
A. It cannot do that way. B. It cannot be done that way.
C. That way it can’t be done. D. That way can’t be done.
30. They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
A. The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall.
B. The prisoner is thought escaped by climbing over the wall.
C. The prisoner is thought having escaped by climbing over the wall.
D. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.
31. They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
A. The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window.
B. The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window.
C. They believe the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
D. They believe the thieves have got in through the kitchenhwindow.
32. They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami.
A. Over 200,000 people are reported to have been killed in the tsunami.
B. Over 200,000 people are reported to be killed in the tsunami.
C. Over 200,000 people are reported to have killed in the tsunami.
D. Over 200,000 people are reported to kill in the tsunami.
33. We found that they had cancelled the game.
A. We found that the game had been cancelled. B. The game had been cancelled.
C. we found that the game had been cancelled by them. D. The game were found to be cancelled
34. Where did they make your shoes?
A. Where were they made your shoes? B. Where did your shoes made?
C. Where were your shoes made? D. Where were your shoes make?
35. Keep the machine always clean.
A. The machine is always kept clean. B. The machine should be kept clean always.
C. Let the machine always be kept cleaned. D. Let the machine be always kept clean.
36. His relatives say that he is an adopted child. He is said ___an adopted child
A. to be B. to being C. to been D. to have been
37. I found that what he said was incorrect .What he said ___ incorrect
A. was found B. was found to be C. was founded D. has been found
38. We consider him the best speaker of the debate. He_____________ the best speaker of the debate
A. is considered to be B. is considering. C. was considered D. was considering
39. He sent me a nice gift on my birthday.
A. I was sent a nice gift on my birthday by him. B. A nice gift was sent me on my birthday by him.
C. A nice gift was sent to me on my birthday by him. D. Both A & C are correct.
40. They began to build the bridge two months ago.
A. The bridge was begun to build two months ago. B. The bridge was begun to be built two months ago.
C. The bridge began to build two months ago. D. The bridge began to be built two months ago.
41. The story I’ve just read……………….Agatha Christie
A. was written B. was written by                   C. was written from            D. wrote by
41. I’m going to go out and………………………………………….
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut                C. cut my hair    D. my hair be cut
43. Something funny ………………………in class yesterday
A. happened B. was happened                    C. happens                          D. is happened
44. Many US automobiles……………………in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture B. have manufactured            C. are manufactured  D.are manufacturing
45. A lot of pesticide residue can…………………………………..unwashed produce
A. find B. found                            C. be finding                          D. be found
46. We………………by a loud noise during the night
A. woke up B. are woken up                     C. were woken up                  D. were waking up
47. Some film stars……………….difficult to work with
A. are said be B. are said to be                     C. say to be                           D. said to be
48. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me?
– I don’t enjoy……………………at
A. be laughed B. to be laughed                     C. laughing     D.being laughed
49. Today, many serious childhood diseases………………………by early immunization
A. are preventing B. can prevent              C. prevent   D. can be prevented
50. Do you get your heating……………………..every year?
A. checking B. check                           C. be checked                        D. checked
51. Bicycles…………………..in the driveway
A. must not leave B. must not be leaving        C. must not be left  D. must not have left
52. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony…………………..next weekend
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed
C. will be performing D. will have perform
53. All bottles………………………………..before transportation
A. frozen B. were froze                   C. were frozen                       D. are froze
54. ………………………………………..yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed
55. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where……………..for
administration, broadcasting and education
A. is used B. it is used                    C. used                            D. being used
56. The telephones…………..by Alexander Graham Bell
A. is invented B. is inventing                     C. invented                      D. was invented
57. Lots of houses……………….by the earthquake
A. are destroying B. destroyed                 C. were destroyed                  D. is destroyed
58. Gold…………………….in California in the 19th century
A. was discovered B. has been discovered          C. was discover                      D. they discover
59. The preparation…………………..by the time the guest……………………….
A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived
60. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished                      C. punishing                         D. was punished
61. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed               C. being typed                       D. been typed
62. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It___________ of cotton.
A. be made    B. are made                           C. is made                               D. made
63. They had a boy _______ that yesterday.
A. done B. to do                                  C. did                                     D. do
64. We got our mail ______ yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered                           C. delivering                          D. to deliver
65. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told                   C. should told                  D. should be telled
66. My wedding ring ______ yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making                           C.  made                                D. make
67. Wilson is _______ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew                                  C. is known                          D. know
68. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used                         C. didn’t used                        D. are not used
69. Laura ______ in Boston.
A. are born B. were born                          C. was born                            D. born
70. His car needs ________.
A. be fixed B. fixing                                 C. to be fixing                        D. fixed
71. Her watch needs _______.
A. repairing B. to be repaired                    C. repaired                             D. A and B
72. My mother is going _____ this house.
A. sold B. sell                                     C. to be sold                           D. to sell
73. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are _______.
A. being followed B. are followed                      C. follow                               D. following
74. Have you _____ by a dog?
A. bite B. bit                                      C.  ever been bitten                D.  ever been bit
75. The room is being _____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned                 B. cleaned                              C. cleaning                             D. clean
76. It _____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected         B. expected                            C.  are expected                     D.  was expected
77. It is _____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported          B. reports                               C. reported                             D. reporting
78. He was said _____ this building.
A. designing                 B. to have designed               C. to design                            D. designed
79. Ted ______ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting          B. got stung                           C. get stung                            D. gets stung
80. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used          B. used                                   C.  get used                            D. get use
81. I’ll get Minh _____ do this for you.
A. do           B. done                                  C. did                                     D. to do
82. Those letters ________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn’t be typed C. need to type                      D. needn’t typing
83. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.”
A. is made            B. has made                           C.  made                              D. was  made
84. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room everyday is cleaned.             B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day.            D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
85. People don’t use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often.             B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used.              D. This road not very often is used.
86. How do people learn languages?
A. ow are languages learned?              B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned?              D. Languages are learned how?
87. Over 1500 new houses _______ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _______.
A. were built/ were built                                                B. are built/ were built           
C. are building / were built D. were built/ were being built
88. Tom bought that book yesterday.
A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.              B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom              D. That book was bought yesterday.
89. The new computer system _____ next month.
A. is be installed                B. is being installed
C. is been installed             D. is being installed by people
100.The telephone ______________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. invented          B. is inventing            
C. be invented         D. was invented
101. Mr. Pike ____________the most famous archaeologist in our city.
A. says to be B. is said to be             C. is said that             C. said to be
102. Many people believe that God created the world.
A. It believes that God created the world.   B. The world is believed God created.
C. God is believed to create the world. D. God is believed to have created the world.
103. _________to be the richest man in the USA.
A. Bill Gates B. Bill Gates says       
C. Bill Gates is           D. Bill Gates is said
104. John is said to have been stolen the money.
A. It is said that John steals the money.  
B. It is said that John was stolen money.
C. People said John was stolen the money
D. People say that John steals the money
105. It is said that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. Many people say to be homeless after the floods.
B. Many people said are homeless after the floods.
C. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.
D. Many people are said to have been homeless after the floods.
106. They think visiting the pyramids is interesting.
A. The pyramids are thought interesting to be visited.
B. It is thought the pyramids are visited interesting.
C. Visiting the pyramids is thought to be interesting.
D. Visiting the pyramids is thought to have been interesting.
107. The skyscraper is said to have been built in 1930.
A. They said the skyscraper was built in 1930.
B. It was said that the skyscraper was built in 1930.
C. They are said the skyscraper is built in 1930.
D. It is said that the skyscraper was built in 1930.
108. They predict that a heavy storm will come in the area.
A. A heavy storm is predicted to have come in the area.
B. It is predicted that a heavy storm would come in the area.
C. A heavy storm is predicted to come in the area.
D. It is predicted that a heavy storm came in the area.
109. _________how the ancient Egyptian carried such heavy blocks of stone.
A. People do not know B. People have not been known
C. It has not known D. It has not known
110. John ______________The Great Pyramid of Giza.
A. said to have been visited B. is said to have visited
C. is said to have been visited D. said to have visited.
112. People say that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed.
A. It was said that six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were destroyed.
B. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world were said to be destroyed.
C. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have destroyed.
D. Six out of the seven wonders of the ancient world are said to have been destroyed.
113. It is believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb.
A. They believed that a buried treasure was hidden in the tomb.
B. A buried treasure is believed that was hidden in the tomb.
C. A buried treasure is believed to hide in the tomb.
D. A buried treasure is believed to have been hidden in the tomb.
114. George ____________another trip to Greece.
A. is said to be planned                     B. said to be planned  
C. said to be planning   D. is said to be planning
115. _____________ some precious things stolen from that ancient tomb.
A. People knew that he buys B. It was known that he has bought
C. They knew that he has bought D. They know that he bought
116. The X-ray____________ in 1895.
A. is said to have been discovered B. is said to be discovered
C. said to have been discovered D. said to discover
117. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony______________ next weekend.
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed
C. will be performing D. will have performed
118. I hate_____________ personal questions by newly-acquainted friends
A. to be asking B. be asked                            C. being asked           D. of asking
119. Reagan__________ an actor years ago.
A. is said to be                        B. was said being                   
C. was said have been D. is said to have been
120. It__________ that learning a foreign language__________ a lot of time.
A. says / is taken                                     B. is saying / has been taken  
C. is said / takes D. was said / was taken.
121. The trees________________.
A. were grown by John yesterday in the backyard
B. were grown in the backyard yesterday by John
C. were grown in the backyard by John yesterday
D. in the backyard were grown yesterday by John
122. __________________yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed
123. English has become a second language in some countries where __________for administration, broadcasting
and education.
A. is used B. it is used                C. used                        D. being used
124. ___________ the room been cleaned yet?
A. Have B. Has                        C. Did                        D. Was
125. Lots of houses_____________ by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed              C. were destroying        D. were destroyed
126. In the US, the first stage of compulsory education ________ as elementary education.
A. to be generally known                        B. is generally known
C. generally known D. is generally knowing
127. Education_________ to be the most important element to develop a country.
A. often be considered                         B. can often consider 
C. often considers             D. can often be considered
128. Portuguese___________ as an official language in this city for three hundred years.
A. has always been spoken B. has been spoken always
C. has always spoken D. had always spoken
129. More than ten victims____________ missing in the storm last week.
A. are reported to be B. are reported to have been  
C. are reporting to have been D. are reporting to be.
130. This car_____________________.
A. was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year.
B. was manufactured by Toyota in Japan last year.
C. was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota.
D. last year was manufactured in Japan by Toyota.

4. Sửa lỗi sai:

131. I have my teeth checking by the dentist.
       A          B           C             D
132. These pills should be take every four hours.
     A                 B          C                    D
133. The letter should been delivered in the afternoon.
    A                          B          C                D
134. The mail has sent to the wrong address.
                      A      B            C         D
135. They were questioning by the police.
    A                     B         C        D