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    The document discusses heat transfer and conduction. It explains that heat transfer occurs from higher temperature mediums to lower temperature ones, and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction is described as the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact, where heat flows from higher temperature regions to lower temperature ones through the material. Various types of conduction through walls, cylinders, spheres, and composite systems are analyzed.

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    The document discusses heat transfer and conduction. It explains that heat transfer occurs from higher temperature mediums to lower temperature ones, and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction is described as the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact, where heat flows from higher temperature regions to lower temperature ones through the material. Various types of conduction through walls, cylinders, spheres, and composite systems are analyzed.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    13 views51 pages

    ME 421 Heat Transfer 2019

    Uploaded by

    Khairul
    The document discusses heat transfer and conduction. It explains that heat transfer occurs from higher temperature mediums to lower temperature ones, and can occur through conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction is described as the transfer of heat between objects in direct contact, where heat flows from higher temperature regions to lower temperature ones through the material. Various types of conduction through walls, cylinders, spheres, and composite systems are analyzed.

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    of 51

    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals

    (ME 421)
    HEAT TRANSFER
    A.N.M. Mominul Islam Mukut
    Associate Professor
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology (DUET), Gazipur-1707
    Heat Transfer Basic
    Heat as the form of energy that can be transferred from one system to another as a result of
    temperature difference. A thermodynamic analysis is concerned with the amount of heat
    transfer as a system undergoes a process from one equilibrium state to another. The science
    that deals with the determination of the rates of such energy transfers is the heat transfer.

    The transfer of energy as heat is always from the higher-temperature medium to the lower-
    temperature one, and heat transfer stops when the two mediums reach the same
    temperature.

    Heat can be transferred in three different modes: conduction, convection,


    and radiation. All modes of heat transfer require the existence of a temperature difference,
    and all modes are from the high-temperature medium to a lower-temperature one.

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Transfer Basic

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Transfer Basic

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Transfer Basic
    Importance of heat transfer:

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Conduction Heat Transfer

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Plain & Composite
    Wall

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through a hollow Cylinder

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through a hollow Cylinder

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through a Composite
    Cylinder

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through a Composite
    Cylinder

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Critical thickness of Insulation

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Critical thickness of Insulation

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Hollow Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Hollow Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Heat Conduction through Composite Sphere

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    PHYSICAL MECHANISM OF CONVECTION

    Conduction and convection both require the presence


    of a material medium but convection requires fluid
    motion.
    Convection involves fluid motion as well as heat
    conduction.
    Heat transfer through a solid is always by conduction.
    Heat transfer through a fluid is by convection in the
    presence of bulk fluid motion and by conduction in the
    absence of it.
    Therefore, conduction in a fluid can be viewed as the
    limiting case of convection, corresponding to the case
    of quiescent fluid.

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate 45
    Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer
    The fluid motion enhances heat transfer, since it brings warmer and
    cooler chunks of fluid into contact, initiating higher rates of conduction
    at a greater number of sites in a fluid.
    The rate of heat transfer through a fluid is much higher by convection
    than it is by conduction.
    In fact, the higher the fluid velocity, the higher the rate of heat transfer.

    Heat transfer through a


    fluid sandwiched between
    two parallel plates.

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate 46
    Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer
    Convection heat transfer strongly depends on the fluid properties
    dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat, as
    well as the fluid velocity. It also depends on the geometry and the
    roughness of the solid surface, in addition to the type of fluid flow (such
    as being streamlined or turbulent).
    Newton’s
    law of
    cooling

    Convection heat transfer coefficient, h: The rate of heat transfer between a solid
    surface and a fluid per unit surface area per unit temperature difference.
    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate 47
    Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer
    Nusselt Number
    In convection studies, it is common practice to nondimensionalize the governing equations and combine the
    variables, which group together into dimensionless numbers in order to reduce the number of total variables.
    Nusselt number: Dimensionless convection heat transfer coefficient

    Lc characteristic length

    The Nusselt number represents the enhancement of heat


    transfer through a fluid layer as a result of convection
    relative to conduction across the same fluid layer.
    The larger the Nusselt number, the more effective the
    convection.
    A Nusselt number of Nu = 1 for a fluid layer represents heat
    Heat transfer through a fluid layer of transfer across the layer by pure conduction.
    thickness L and temperature difference T.
    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate 48
    Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer
    Convection in daily life

    • We turn on the fan on hot summer days to


    help our body cool more effectively. The
    higher the fan speed, the better we feel.
    • We stir our soup and blow on a hot slice
    of pizza to make them cool faster.
    • The air on windy winter days feels much
    colder than it actually is.
    • The simplest solution to heating problems
    in electronics packaging is to use a large
    enough fan.

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate 49
    Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer

    What happens to the particles in a liquid or a


    gas when you heat them?
    The particles spread out and
    become less dense.

    This effects fluid movement.


    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut
    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET
    Convection Heat Transfer

    Fluid movement
    Cooler, more d____,
    ense fluids
    sink through w_____,
    armer less
    dense fluids.

    In effect, warmer liquids and


    gases r___
    ise up.

    Cooler liquids and gases s___.


    ink

    A. N. M. Mominul Islam Mukut


    Mechanical Engineering Fundamentals (ME 421) Associate Professor, Dept. of ME, DUET

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