Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region XIII-Caraga REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL
Carmen, Surigao del Sur

GRADE LEVEL:________11 DISCIPLINE: General Mathematics

SUBJECT AREA: Mathematics TOPIC: EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS,
EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
QUARTER: _______Second_________ WEEK: Week 5

LESSON PLAN IN GENERAL MATHEMATICS

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY (MELC):

 Represents real-life situations using exponential functions

 Distinguishes between exponential function, exponential equation, and exponential
inequality.
 Solves exponential equations and inequalities

Learning Objectives:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
A. Knowledge: distinguish between exponential functions, exponential
equations and inequalities;
B. Skills: solve exponential equations an inequality;
C. Attitude: value the importance of the concept of exponential functions in
real-life situations.

INPUT : (Refer to LAS ) What to Learn- Key Concepts

PROCESS : (Refer to LAS) What to Do – Activity 1 and 2

OUTPUT : (Refer to LAS) Activity 3

Prepared by: Checked & Reviewed by: Validated by:

WILLIAM M. APORBO LEVI MAR H. PAZO, PhD
SST- III CNAHS School Principal II QA Team Member
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XIII-Caraga REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF SURIGAO DEL SUR
CARMEN NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL
Carmen, Surigao del Sur
GRADE LEVEL:________11 DISCIPLINE: GENERAL MATHEMATICS
SUBJECT AREA: Mathematics TOPIC: EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS,
EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES
QUARTER: _______First_________ WEEK: Week 5

Note: Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. Don’t forget to write your complete name and section
on your answer sheet.

Hello Learners! How was our activity last week? Did you enjoy it? Well, this
week, you will be learning another lesson and it is all about exponential
functions, equations
What to learn? and inequalities. So, get ready learners!

Key Concepts

REPRESENTING REAL-LIFE SITUATIONS USING EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Definition 1
An exponential function with base b is a function of the form f(x) = bx or y = bx where b >
0, b≠ 1.

Definition 2
Let b be a positive number not equal to 1. A transformation of an exponential function
with base b is a function of the form g(x) = a. bx−c + d where a,c, and d are real numbers.
Many applications involve transformations of exponential functions. Some of the most
common applications. In real-life of exponential functions and their transformation are
population growth, exponential decay, and compound interest.
a. Population Growth
On several instances, scientists will start with a certain number of bacteria or animals
and watch how the population grows. For example, if the population doubles every 3 days,
this can be represented as an exponential function.

Exponential Models and Population Growth.

Suppose a quantity y doubles every T units of time. If y0 is the initial amount, then the quantity
y after t units of time is given by y = y0(2) t/T.

Example 1.
Let t = time in days. At t = 0, there were initially 20 bacteria. Suppose that the bacteria doubles
every 100 hours. Give an exponential model for the bacteria as a function of t.
Initially, at t = 0 Number of bacteria = 20
at t = 100 Number of bacteria = 20(2)
 at t = 200 Number of bacteria = 20(2)2
at t = 300 Number of bacteria = 20(2)3
at t = 400 Number of bacteria = 20(2)4
Solution:
An exponential model for this situation is y = 20(2) t/100.

b. Exponential Decay
Exponential functions can used to model radioactive decay.

Definition.
The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the substance to decay.

Example 2.
Suppose that the half-life of a certain radioactive substance is 10 days and there are 10g
initially, determine the amount of substance remaining after 30 days.

Solution: Let t = time in days. We use the fact that the mass is halved every 10 days (from the
definition of half-life). Thus, we have,
Initially, at t = 0 Amount of Substance = 10g
at t = 10 days Amount of Substance = 5g
at t = 20 days Amount of Substance = 2.5g
at t = 30 days Amount of Substance = 1.25g

1
An exponential model for this situation is y = 10 ( )t/10.
2

c. Compound Interest
A starting amount of money (called the principal) can be invested at a certain interest rate
that is earned at the end of a given period of time (such as one year). If the interest rate is
compounded, the interest earned at the end of the period is added to the principal, and this new
amount will earn interest in the next period. The same process is repeated for each succeeding
period: interest previously earned will also earn interest in the next period.

Compound Interest.
If a principal P is invested at an annual rate of r, compounded annually, then the amountafter t
years is given by A = P(1 + r)t.

Example 3.
Mrs. De La Cruz invested Php100,000. In a company that offers 6% interest
compounded annually. How much will investment be worth at the end of each year for thenext
five years?

Solution. Let t be the time in years. Then we have:

Initially, at t = 0 Investment = Php100,000
at t = 1 Investment = Php100,000(1.06) = Php106,000
at t = 2 Investment = Php106,000(1.06) = Php112,360
at t = 3 Investment = Php112,360(1.06) ≈ Php119,101.60
at t = 4 Investment= Php119,101.60(1.06) ≈ Php126,247.70
at t = 5 Investment = Php26,247.70(1.06) ≈ Php133,822.56
An exponential model for this situation is y = 100,000(1.06) t

Example 4.
Referring to Example 3, is it possible for Mrs. De La Cruz to double her money in 8 years? In 10
years?

Solution. Using the model y = 100000(1.06)t , substitute t = 8 and t = 10:

If t = 8, then y = Php100,000(1.06)8 ≈ Php159,384.81. If t = 10,

 then y = Php100,000(1.06) 10 ≈ Php179,084.77. Since her money still has not reached
Php200,000 after 10 years, then she has not doubled her money during this time.

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION, EQUATION, AND INEQUALITY

The definitions and examples of exponential functions, equations, and inequalities are shown
below.

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTIONS

Illustration

Let’s examine exponential functions. They are different than any of the other types of functions
we’ve studied because the independent variable is in the exponent.

EXPONENTI AL EQUATIONS

EXPONENTIAL INEQUALITY
 SOLVING EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS AND INEQUALITIES

DEFINITION
Exponential Equations are equations in which variables occur as exponents. For example,
exponential equations are in the form ax = by

Exponential Inequalities are inequalities in which one (or both) sides involve a variable
exponent. They are useful in situations involving repeated multiplication especially when being
compared to a constant value, such as in the case of interest.

Solving Exponential Equations

The property of equality for exponential equations is also used when solving exponential
equations. Study the examples below and consider how the laws of exponents are applied.

One-to-one Property of Exponential Functions.

Example 3. Solve the equation.

Solution: We write both sides with 4 as the base.

Solving Exponential Inequalities

Solving an exponential inequality is much like solving linear inequality, only that the
former
applies the property of equality for exponential equations.

Consider the following examples below.

ACTIVITY 1

Determine whether the given expression is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an

exponential inequality or none of these.

ACTIVITY 2

Solve for x in the following equations or inequalities. Write your answer in a yellow paper.

ACTIVITY 3

1. A population starts with 1,000 individuals and triples every 80 years.

(a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
(b) What is the size of the population after 100 years?

2. Php 10,000 is invested at 2% compounded annually.

(a) Give an exponential model for the situation.
(b) What is the amount after 12 years?
FORMATIVE TEST

1. In the exponential function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏𝑥, x is the ____.

a. base
b. dependent variable
c. exponent
d. independent variab

2. Which of the given situations illustrates an exponential function?

a. The distance travelled varies directly as the speed.
b. The area of a square is s2 where s is the length of the side of a square.
c. Radioactive material has a half-life of 1500 years.
d. As x increases, the value of y increases.

3. In the formula 𝐴 = 𝑃(1 + 𝑟)𝑡A; what is P?

a. principal compounds
b. principal invested
c. principal time
d. principal year
4. How many bacteria will be there after 9 hours?
a. 93,660
b. 153,600
c. 653,100
d. 393,660

5. What equation best describes this investment after t years?

a. 𝐴 = 5000(0.055)𝑡
b. 𝐴 = 5000(1.055)𝑡
c. 𝐴 = 5000(1.55)𝑡
d. 𝐴 = 5000A