PREFACE

Dear Research students,

Research gives rise to almost everything around us. Through research, we gain
deeper understanding of people, and why they do things the way they do it. It
increases the quality of our life; it drives progress forward and it empowers us with
knowledge. Everything that made our life easier is a product of research. During this
time of pandemic, our saving grace – the vaccines are product of research. On top of
that, research compels us to apply critical thinking and exercise objective judgment
based on evidence.
Research plays an integral role in the K to 12 Curriculum especially in Junior
High School under Science, Technology and Engineering (STE) Program. Students
under this program has research subjects, Research 1 to 4.
Hence, the proponents, with the help of the consultants, developed this research
manual to help STE students in research writing.
This manual consists of the General Formatting in Writing the Manuscript and
the Actual Research Format with explanations.
The construct of the said research formats is in accordance with the American
Psychological Association (APA), 7th edition and is benchmarked from different
research books and manuals.

JOYCEE FRANCE D. USERO

ENA MARIE M. SARMIENTO
STE Research Teachers
Catanduanes National High School

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CONTENTS
 Preface
 General Formatting in Writing the
Manuscript
 Actual Research Format
 References

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 GENERAL FORMATTING IN WRITING THE MANUSCRIPT

I. General Format

1. Page size – A4 (8.27 x 11.69 in.) or letter size (8.5 x 11 in.)

2. Margins – 1 in. on all sides (top, bottom, left, and right)
3. Font
a. Font type - Arial
b. Font size -11
4. Spacing – double-spaced except for figures and tables which should be
single-spaced (Do not add extra lines before or after the headings or
between paragraphs)
5. Paragraph indention – five letter spaces/ 0.5 in./ one tab key
6. Paragraph alignment – left align the text
7. Pagination – page number appears flush right in the header (upper right
corner) of all pages. Insert page numbers using the automatic page-
numbering function of your word processing program.

II. Preliminary Parts

1. Title Page. It is placed three or four lines down from the top of the paper.
Center align, bold, follows the inverted pyramid style, and is single-spaced.
Capitalize the first letter of each word, except small words such as articles,
short prepositions and scientific name. Use both genus and species name,
italicize the whole name, capitalize only the genus name.

Contents:
a. Title
b. Classification of the paper, e.g., research paper
c. Department to which the paper is presented and the school
d. Degree program, e.g., Junior High School
e. Name/s of research proponent/s
f. Month, Day, Year of due date of the manuscript

2. Approval Sheet. It is placed immediately after the title page. Generally, it

contains statements of recommendation and acceptance.
a. The approval of the adviser that the research proposal is complete and
is recommended for an oral examination.
b. The approval of the panel of examiners that the manuscript has been
examined
c. The acceptance of the STE program head and the school principal

3. Acknowledgement. Pronouns used must be in the 3rd person. Remarks

provided by the researcher should be limited to two pages only and his/her
initials (e.g., JFDU, EMMS) should be written at the bottom-right corner of
the page.
4.

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 5. Dedication. This page is limited to the listing of the names of special
people whom the writer wishes to offer the fruit of his/her labor. Only the
first name of the writer appears at the bottom of the page, which is
acceptable.

6. Abstract. It is a brief yet comprehensive summary of the paper. It is

written only after the research has been completed. It includes statement
of the problems and hypotheses (if any) methodology, research strategy,
description of the subjects, sources of data, data gathering procedure,
findings and conclusions.

7. Table of Contents. This is an ordered and paginated listing of the

different parts of the manuscript. It must show the chapter and section
titles in full and must have entries for the References and Appendices
sections.

a. The heading, Table of Contents should be typed centered and in

upper case.
b. Spacing should be 1.5 in. throughout.
c. Preliminaries should be listed first.
d. The heading Chapter should be flushed left in the same line with
Page flushed right. Only the first letters of the words are
capitalized.
e. Below the heading Chapter are the titles of the chapters, typed in
upper case.
f. Opposite each chapter title followed by a series of dots is the
corresponding page number.
g. Chapter and section titles should not extend beyond the right
margin of the leaders (dots). If a chapter/section title occupies
more than one line length, the second line onwards must align-left
with the first.
8. List of Tables.
9. List of Figures.

III. End Matters

1. References